Objective:To design two kinds of intensity modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) plans with different radiation field distributions,and to compare the dose differences of that at the dose of target region and organs at risk (OAR) for middle and lower esophageal cancer,so as to provide a reference for the design of IMRT plan. Methods:The data of 17 patients with middle and lower esophageal cancer who received IMRT at Shangluo Central Hospital from November 2022 to May 2023 were retrospectively analyzed. IMRT plans with different radiation fields for Plan 1 and Plan 2 were designed for each patient. The angles of radiation field for Plan 1 were 0°,80°,120°,160° and 200°,and those for Plan 2 were 30°,130°,180°,230° and 330°,respectively. The prescribed dose to the planning target volume (PTV) was 60 Gy/30 F. The differences in dosimetric parameters between the two plans were compared. Results:There were no statistically significant differences in the dose parameters of 2％,98％,50％ target dose (D2％,D98％,D50％),homogeneity index (HI),conformity index (CI) and monitor unit between the two groups (P>0.05). There were no significant differences in V5 of dual lungs,the mean dose (Dmean) of heart,and the maximum dose (Dmax) of spinal-cord between two groups (P>0.05). The volume percentage (V10,V20,V30) of dual lungs received radiation doses of 10,20 and 30 Gy,and the mean dose (Vmean) of lung in the Plan1 group reduced respectively 7.44％,21.16％,10.09％ and 5.31％ than those in the Plan2 group,and the differences of them were statistically significant (t=-5.845,-7.729,-2.247,-3.960,P<0.05). Heart V10 and V20 in the Plan1 group decreased respectively by 7.23％ and 5.78％,with statistical significance (t=-4.376,-3.523,P<0.01),while V30 and V40 of Plan 1 increased respectively by 2.7％ and 4.92％,without statistical significance (P>0.05). There was no significant difference in heart Dmean between the Plan1 group and the Plan2 group (P>0.05). Conclusion:Both two methods of distribution field can meet the clinical requirements,and Plan1 has more advantages in protecting organs at risk under the premise of meeting the requirements of target region.

Objective:To design two kinds of intensity modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) plans with different radiation field distributions,and to compare the dose differences of that at the dose of target region and organs at risk (OAR) for middle and lower esophageal cancer,so as to provide a reference for the design of IMRT plan. Methods:The data of 17 patients with middle and lower esophageal cancer who received IMRT at Shangluo Central Hospital from November 2022 to May 2023 were retrospectively analyzed. IMRT plans with different radiation fields for Plan 1 and Plan 2 were designed for each patient. The angles of radiation field for Plan 1 were 0°,80°,120°,160° and 200°,and those for Plan 2 were 30°,130°,180°,230° and 330°,respectively. The prescribed dose to the planning target volume (PTV) was 60 Gy/30 F. The differences in dosimetric parameters between the two plans were compared. Results:There were no statistically significant differences in the dose parameters of 2％,98％,50％ target dose (D2％,D98％,D50％),homogeneity index (HI),conformity index (CI) and monitor unit between the two groups (P>0.05). There were no significant differences in V5 of dual lungs,the mean dose (Dmean) of heart,and the maximum dose (Dmax) of spinal-cord between two groups (P>0.05). The volume percentage (V10,V20,V30) of dual lungs received radiation doses of 10,20 and 30 Gy,and the mean dose (Vmean) of lung in the Plan1 group reduced respectively 7.44％,21.16％,10.09％ and 5.31％ than those in the Plan2 group,and the differences of them were statistically significant (t=-5.845,-7.729,-2.247,-3.960,P<0.05). Heart V10 and V20 in the Plan1 group decreased respectively by 7.23％ and 5.78％,with statistical significance (t=-4.376,-3.523,P<0.01),while V30 and V40 of Plan 1 increased respectively by 2.7％ and 4.92％,without statistical significance (P>0.05). There was no significant difference in heart Dmean between the Plan1 group and the Plan2 group (P>0.05). Conclusion:Both two methods of distribution field can meet the clinical requirements,and Plan1 has more advantages in protecting organs at risk under the premise of meeting the requirements of target region.

International studies have established that electrons, X-rays, protons, and heavy ions can all be utilized in ultra-high dose-rate radiotherapy. Among these modalities, megavoltage X-ray ultra-high dose-rate radiotherapy holds particularly broad clinical promise. With its long-term expertise in high-intensity pulsed radiation sources, the Institute of Applied Electronics at the China Academy of Engineering Physics has pioneered global solutions for generating and measuring megavoltage X-rays ultra-high dose-rate radiotherapy, positioning China at the forefront of this field. Herein, we review the development history, current status, and future trends in ultra-high dose-rate X-ray generation, measurement, and protection. The insights provided aim to serve as a reliable reference for clinical and preclinical research, equipment development, and standardization, thereby enabling more precise and reliable megavoltage ultra-high dose-rate X-ray production and measurement. We hope this work will significantly support further research and clinical translation of ultra-high dose-rate radiotherapy technology.

Objective:To establish a rapid and precise dose measurement method with EBT4 film and ensure its measurement accuracy to be within the required range through strict operational procedures for the purpose of addressing the two essential issues of poor measurement accuracy and timeliness of EBT film under FLASH conditions.Methods:After storing under different humidity conditions for a certain period of time, the film was exposed to radiation for analyzing the influence of air humidity on the intrinsic performance of EBT film. By means of repeated scanning operations and the film angle rotation, the influences of repeated scanning and film placement angle were analuzed. Parabolic correction method was used to reduce the spatial position influence during the scanning process. By analying the relationship between net optical density (netOD) and absorbed dose through the comparison of three fitting method, the optimal fitting curve was selected. After irradiation of the same batch of films for 5 min and 24 h, the film doses were calibrated and then compared with ionization chamber-measured result. The rapid and precise film dosimetry method was used to measure both the percentage depth dose from X-rays at ultra-high dose rate and the dose distribution at a depth of 2 cm in water.Results:Air humidity had the greatest influence on the intrinsic performance of EBT film (approximately 20%). The average deviation of repeated scans is within 0.5%. The angle at which the film is placed significantly affected the readouts of the film with the maximum influence approximately 70%. The net optical density combined with polynomial fitting can control the fitting residuals of 1-16 Gy within 3%. The change rate of light channels at 5 min already mostly met the requirements of the rapid mode (< 0.5%). Compared with the measurement result obtained using the reference ionization chamber, the deviations of the 5 min or 24 h dose calibration curves were all within 2%.Conclusions:The EBT4 film can be employed as a precise dosimeter to quickly measure the FLASH radiation dose. Rapid and precise FLASH dose measurements can meet the stringent requirements of both preclinical and clinical FLASH research.

Objective To explore the application of plasma 7 microRNA (miR7) testing in the differential diagnosis of very early-stage hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Methods This study is a multicenter real-world study. Patients with single hepatic lesion (maximum diameter≤2 cm) who underwent plasma miR7 testing at Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Anhui Provincial Hospital, and Peking University People’s Hospital between January 2019 and December 2024 were retrospectively enrolled. Patients were divided into very early-stage HCC group and non-HCC group, and the clinical pathological characteristics of the two groups were compared. The value of plasma miR7 levels, alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), and des-gamma-carboxy prothrombin (DCP) in the differential diagnosis of very early-stage HCC was evaluated using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves and area under the curve (AUC). In patients with both negative AFP and DCP (AFP＜20 ng/mL, DCP＜40 mAU/mL), the diagnostic value of plasma miR7 for very early-stage HCC was analyzed. Results A total of 64 528 patients from 4 hospitals underwent miR7 testing, and 1 682 were finally included, of which 1 073 were diagnosed with very early-stage HCC and 609 were diagnosed with non-HCC. The positive rate of miR7 in HCC patients was significantly higher than that in non-HCC patients (67.9% vs 24.3%, P＜0.001). ROC curves showed that the AUCs for miR7, AFP, and DCP in distinguishing HCC patients from the non-HCC individuals were 0.718, 0.682, and 0.642, respectively. The sensitivities were 67.85%, 43.71%, and 44.45%, and the specificities were 75.70%, 92.78%, and 83.91%, respectively. The pairwise comparison of AUCs showed that the diagnostic efficacy of plasma miR7 detection was significantly better than that of AFP or DCP (P＜0.05). Although its specificity was slightly lower than AFP and DCP, the sensitivity was significantly higher. Among patients negative for both AFP and DCP, miR7 maintained an AUC of 0.728 for diagnosing very early-stage HCC, with 67.82% sensitivity and 77.73% specificity. Conclusions Plasma miR7 testing is a potential molecular marker with high sensitivity and specificity for the differential diagnosis of small hepatic nodules. In patients with very early-stage HCC lacking effective molecular markers (negative for both AFP and DCP), miR7 can serve as a novel and effective molecular marker to assist diagnosis.

Drug repurposing offers a promising alternative to traditional drug development and significantly reduces costs and timelines by identifying new therapeutic uses for existing drugs. However, the current approaches often rely on limited data sources and simplistic hypotheses, which restrict their ability to capture the multi-faceted nature of biological systems. This study introduces adaptive multi-view learning (AMVL), a novel methodology that integrates chemical-induced transcriptional profiles (CTPs), knowledge graph (KG) embeddings, and large language model (LLM) representations, to enhance drug repurposing predictions. AMVL incorporates an innovative similarity matrix expansion strategy and leverages multi-view learning (MVL), matrix factorization, and ensemble optimization techniques to integrate heterogeneous multi-source data. Comprehensive evaluations on benchmark datasets (Fdataset, Cdataset, and Ydataset) and the large-scale iDrug dataset demonstrate that AMVL outperforms state-of-the-art (SOTA) methods, achieving superior accuracy in predicting drug-disease associations across multiple metrics. Literature-based validation further confirmed the model's predictive capabilities, with seven out of the top ten predictions corroborated by post-2011 evidence. To promote transparency and reproducibility, all data and codes used in this study were open-sourced, providing resources for processing CTPs, KG, and LLM-based similarity calculations, along with the complete AMVL algorithm and benchmarking procedures. By unifying diverse data modalities, AMVL offers a robust and scalable solution for accelerating drug discovery, fostering advancements in translational medicine and integrating multi-omics data. We aim to inspire further innovations in multi-source data integration and support the development of more precise and efficient strategies for advancing drug discovery and translational medicine.

International studies have established that electrons, X-rays, protons, and heavy ions can all be utilized in ultra-high dose-rate radiotherapy. Among these modalities, megavoltage X-ray ultra-high dose-rate radiotherapy holds particularly broad clinical promise. With its long-term expertise in high-intensity pulsed radiation sources, the Institute of Applied Electronics at the China Academy of Engineering Physics has pioneered global solutions for generating and measuring megavoltage X-rays ultra-high dose-rate radiotherapy, positioning China at the forefront of this field. Herein, we review the development history, current status, and future trends in ultra-high dose-rate X-ray generation, measurement, and protection. The insights provided aim to serve as a reliable reference for clinical and preclinical research, equipment development, and standardization, thereby enabling more precise and reliable megavoltage ultra-high dose-rate X-ray production and measurement. We hope this work will significantly support further research and clinical translation of ultra-high dose-rate radiotherapy technology.

Objective:To establish a rapid and precise dose measurement method with EBT4 film and ensure its measurement accuracy to be within the required range through strict operational procedures for the purpose of addressing the two essential issues of poor measurement accuracy and timeliness of EBT film under FLASH conditions.Methods:After storing under different humidity conditions for a certain period of time, the film was exposed to radiation for analyzing the influence of air humidity on the intrinsic performance of EBT film. By means of repeated scanning operations and the film angle rotation, the influences of repeated scanning and film placement angle were analuzed. Parabolic correction method was used to reduce the spatial position influence during the scanning process. By analying the relationship between net optical density (netOD) and absorbed dose through the comparison of three fitting method, the optimal fitting curve was selected. After irradiation of the same batch of films for 5 min and 24 h, the film doses were calibrated and then compared with ionization chamber-measured result. The rapid and precise film dosimetry method was used to measure both the percentage depth dose from X-rays at ultra-high dose rate and the dose distribution at a depth of 2 cm in water.Results:Air humidity had the greatest influence on the intrinsic performance of EBT film (approximately 20%). The average deviation of repeated scans is within 0.5%. The angle at which the film is placed significantly affected the readouts of the film with the maximum influence approximately 70%. The net optical density combined with polynomial fitting can control the fitting residuals of 1-16 Gy within 3%. The change rate of light channels at 5 min already mostly met the requirements of the rapid mode (< 0.5%). Compared with the measurement result obtained using the reference ionization chamber, the deviations of the 5 min or 24 h dose calibration curves were all within 2%.Conclusions:The EBT4 film can be employed as a precise dosimeter to quickly measure the FLASH radiation dose. Rapid and precise FLASH dose measurements can meet the stringent requirements of both preclinical and clinical FLASH research.

Objective To systematically evaluate the risk factors for new-onset atrial fibrillation (NOAF) after off-pump coronary bypass grafting (OPCABG). Methods PubMed, EMbase, Web of Science, The Cochrane Library, Wanfang data, CBM, VIP, and CNKI databases were systematically searched by computer to collect studies related to the risk factors for NOAF after OPCABG from the establishment of the database to July 2023. Literature screening and quality evaluation were conducted independently by two researchers. The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) was used to evaluate the quality of the literature. RevMan 5.3 and Stata15.0 were used for meta-analysis. Results Finally, 19 case-control studies related to the risk factors for NOAF after OPCABG were included, all of which were high-quality literature with NOS score≥6 points, with a total of 7019 subjects. The results of meta-analysis showed that the following factors were associated with NOAF after OPCABG: (1) the patient’s own factors: age (MD=3.51, 95%CI 2.39 to 4.63, P<0.01); (2) preoperative factors: history of hypertension (OR=1.17, 95%CI 1.04 to 1.32, P=0.01), history of myocardial infarction (OR=1.21, 95%CI 1.06 to 1.38, P<0.01), history of percutaneous coronary intervention (OR=2.22, 95%CI 1.03 to 4.77, P=0.04), EuroSCOREⅡ score (MD=0.59, 95%CI 0.25 to 0.94, P<0.01), low-density lipoprotein (MD=0.11, 95%CI 0.02 to 0.20, P=0.02), left atrial diameter (MD=1.64, 95%CI 0.24 to 3.04, P=0.02); (3) postoperative and treatment factors: left ventricular end-diastolic diameter (MD=1.16, 95%CI 0.33 to 1.99, P<0.01), left ventricular ejection fraction (MD=0.90, 95%CI 0.07 to 1.73, P=0.03), mechanical ventilation time (MD=2.78, 95%CI 1.65 to 3.90, P<0.01), B-type natriuretic peptide (MD=219.67, 95%CI 27.46 to 411.88, P=0.03), ICU retention time (MD=7.07, 95%CI 5.64 to 8.50, P<0.01). Conclusion The existing evidence shows that age, history of hypertension, history of myocardial infarction, history of percutaneous coronary intervention, preoperative EuroSCOREⅡscore, preoperative low-density lipoprotein, preoperative left atrial diameter, postoperative left ventricular end-diastolic diameter, postoperative left ventricular ejection fraction, postoperative mechanical ventilation time, postoperative B-type natriuretic peptide, and postoperative ICU retention time are risk factors for NOAF after OPCABG. Clinical attention should be paid to the above factors to achieve early identification, thereby reducing the incidence of NOAF after OPCABG and improving the clinical prognosis of patients.

Drug repurposing offers a promising alternative to traditional drug development and significantly re-duces costs and timelines by identifying new therapeutic uses for existing drugs.However,the current approaches often rely on limited data sources and simplistic hypotheses,which restrict their ability to capture the multi-faceted nature of biological systems.This study introduces adaptive multi-view learning(AMVL),a novel methodology that integrates chemical-induced transcriptional profiles(CTPs),knowledge graph(KG)embeddings,and large language model(LLM)representations,to enhance drug repurposing predictions.AMVL incorporates an innovative similarity matrix expansion strategy and leverages multi-view learning(MVL),matrix factorization,and ensemble optimization techniques to integrate heterogeneous multi-source data.Comprehensive evaluations on benchmark datasets(Fdata-set,Cdataset,and Ydataset)and the large-scale iDrug dataset demonstrate that AMVL outperforms state-of-the-art(SOTA)methods,achieving superior accuracy in predicting drug-disease associations across multiple metrics.Literature-based validation further confirmed the model's predictive capabilities,with seven out of the top ten predictions corroborated by post-2011 evidence.To promote transparency and reproducibility,all data and codes used in this study were open-sourced,providing resources for pro-cessing CTPs,KG,and LLM-based similarity calculations,along with the complete AMVL algorithm and benchmarking procedures.By unifying diverse data modalities,AMVL offers a robust and scalable so-lution for accelerating drug discovery,fostering advancements in translational medicine and integrating multi-omics data.We aim to inspire further innovations in multi-source data integration and support the development of more precise and efficient strategies for advancing drug discovery and translational medicine.