Guided bone regeneration (GBR) has been widely used in the repair and reconstruction of alveolar bone defects. However, conventional GBR techniques often fail to achieve the desired bone augmentation for severe bone defects (diameter≥5 mm). To address this limitation, several innovative GBR-based approaches, such as the tenting and sausage techniques have been developed, achieving varying degrees of clinical success. Nonetheless, these methods still face considerable challenges, including secondary trauma from autogenous bone harvesting, high technical sensitivity, and limited scalability. In response, our team proposed a novel treatment concept centered on the principle of "stability-core", and developed a new therapeutic strategy that avoids the use of autogenous bone. This strategy involves the development of a new series of tent-peg medical devices and the introduction of the pouch technique, which has been successfully applied in clinical practice. This case report presents the successful use of the pouch technique for vertical ridge augmentation in the maxillary posterior region. At 8-month follow-up, substantial vertical bone gain and restoration of the alveolar ridge contour were achieved. Implant placement and prosthetic rehabilitation were completed with satisfactory functional recovery. The patient reported a positive treatment experience. This technique offers a promising and practical solution for alveolar bone reconstruction.

Guided bone regeneration (GBR) has been widely used in the repair and reconstruction of alveolar bone defects. However, conventional GBR techniques often fail to achieve the desired bone augmentation for severe bone defects (diameter≥5 mm). To address this limitation, several innovative GBR-based approaches, such as the tenting and sausage techniques have been developed, achieving varying degrees of clinical success. Nonetheless, these methods still face considerable challenges, including secondary trauma from autogenous bone harvesting, high technical sensitivity, and limited scalability. In response, our team proposed a novel treatment concept centered on the principle of "stability-core", and developed a new therapeutic strategy that avoids the use of autogenous bone. This strategy involves the development of a new series of tent-peg medical devices and the introduction of the pouch technique, which has been successfully applied in clinical practice. This case report presents the successful use of the pouch technique for vertical ridge augmentation in the maxillary posterior region. At 8-month follow-up, substantial vertical bone gain and restoration of the alveolar ridge contour were achieved. Implant placement and prosthetic rehabilitation were completed with satisfactory functional recovery. The patient reported a positive treatment experience. This technique offers a promising and practical solution for alveolar bone reconstruction.

Objective: To investigate the status of insomnia, Internet addiction, and depressive symptoms among medical students and to analyze the effect of Internet addiction on insomnia and the mediating role of depressive symptoms, in order to provide a basis for the development of targeted interventions and measurements for medical students. Methods: A stratified whole group sampling method was used to select full-time college students from three medical universities in Anhui Province. The Chinese version of Insomnia Severity Index (ISI), Internet Addiction Test (IAT) scale and 9-item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) were used to evaluate the symptoms of insomnia, Internet addiction and depressive in students. A multivariate Logistic regression analysis was used to explore the factors influencing insomnia among medical students and to analyze the relationship between insomnia with Internet addiction and depressive symptoms, respectively. Results: The overall rate of Internet addiction was 49.5%, depressive symptoms was 39.5%, insomnia was 18.6%. High academic stress, and the presence of surrounding people diagnosed with COVID-19 were associated with a higher risk of insomnia ( P <0.05). The higher the level of Internet addiction (mild, OR =2.60; moderate/severe, OR =4.21) and depression. (mild, OR =6.35; moderate/severe, OR =19.32), the higher the risk of insomnia. Mediated effect analysis showed that Internet addiction had a direct predictive effect ( β =0.02, P <0.05) on insomnia and also indirectly affected insomnia through depression (indirect effect=0.07，95% CI =0.06-0.08). Conclusion The detected rates of insomnia, Internet addiction and depressive symptoms are high among medical students in Anhui Province, and Internet addiction and depressive symptoms are risk factors for insomnia, which should be given more attention and appropriate interventions when necessary to improve their physical and mental health.

Objective:To compare ocular surface dry eye-related indexes and tear cytokine level changes in chronic ocular graft-versus-host disease (oGVHD) patients after receiving topical treatment of 0.05% cyclosporine or 0.1% tacrolimus eye drops.Methods:A randomized controlled study was conducted.A total of 60 chronic oGVHD patients (60 eyes) were recruited at Beijing University Third Hospital from April 2020 to April 2021.The patients were divided into tacrolimus group and cyclosporine group by a random number table, with 30 patients (30 eyes) in each group.Patients in tacrolimus group used 0.1% tacrolimus eye drops (twice a day) and patients in cyclosporine group used 0.05% cyclosporine eye drops (4 times a day).Additionally, 0.1% flumetholon (twice a day), deproteinized calf blood extract (3 times a day), and 0.1% sodium hyaluronate eye drops (8 times a day) were applied for anti-inflammation and lubrication in both groups.Patients were screened according to exclusion criteria after 1-month treatment.Eventually, 21 patients (21 eyes) in tacrolimus group and 12 patients (12 eyes) in cyclosporine group were included for further study.Patients were examined before and 1 month after treatment.The primary evaluation indexes included Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI), corneal fluorescein staining scores and tear film break-up time (BUT).Expressions of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, IL-17, epidermal growth factor (EGF), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in tears were detected before and after treatment using Luminex chip.This study adhered to the Declaration of Helsinki.The study protocol was approved by the Ethics Committee of Peking University Third Hospital (No.M2020489).Written informed consent was obtained from each subject before any medical examination.Results:The OSDI differences between before and after treatment were 0.4(-5.6, 2.5) in tacrolimus group and 27.2(4.6, 45.0) in cyclosporine group, and the OSDI improvement was significantly greater in cyclosporine group than in tacrolimus group ( Z=-2.547, P=0.009).The differences of corneal fluorescein staining scores and BUT between before and after treatment were 5.0(2.5, 10.0) scores and 3.5(-0.5, 13.8) seconds in tacrolimus group, 0.0(-3.0, 0.0) scores and -1.5(-3.0, 0.0) seconds in cyclosporine group, respectively, with no significantly difference between both groups ( Z=-0.526, -0.804; both at P>0.05).The differences of IL-6, IL-8, IL-17, EGF and TNF-α expressions between before and after treatment in tacrolimus group and cyclosporine group were not significantly different ( Z=-0.487, -0.112, -0.412, -1.085, -1.198; all at P>0.05). Conclusions:Altered levels of all tested cytokines in oGVHD tears are of no significant differences between tacrolimus and cyclos porine treatment.In addition, 0.05% cyclosporine eye drops may be more comfortable than 1% tacrolimus for chronic oGVHD patients.

Objective:To investigate the effects of cattle encephalon glycoside and ignotin(CEGI)on the expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein(GFAP)and neuronal nuclear antigen(NeuN)in the brain of APP/PS1 model mice of Alzheimer's disease.Methods:A total of 36 5-month-old APP/PS1 dual-transgenic model mice were randomly divided into 3 groups: the model group(normal saline 6.6 ml·kg -1·d -1), CEGI group(CEGI 6.6 ml·kg -1·d -1)and donepezil group(donepezil 2 mg·kg -1·d -1), with 12 in each group.Twelve C57BL/6J mice of the same age were used as the normal control group.All mice were given drugs for 6 weeks consecutively.Brain tissue was collected for immunohistochemical staining to detect the expression of amyloid β-protein(Aβ), GFAP and NeuN, which were then analyzed quantitatively. Results:The results of immunohistochemical staining indicated that levels of Aβ and GFAP were higher and levels of NeuN were lower in the model group than in the normal control group(0.147±0.068% vs.0%, 61.750±22.020 vs.26.000±4.598, 0.021±0.002 vs.0.032±0.003, P<0.05). Levels of Aβ and GFAP were lower and levels of NeuN were higher in the CEGI group and the donepezil group than in the model group(0.058±0.055 % vs.0.057±0.045 %, 38.250±5.418 vs.36.130±5.963, 0.029±0.004 vs.0.027±0.003, P<0.05). There was no significant difference in the expression of Aβ, GFAP and NeuN between the CEGI group and the donepezil group( P>0.05). Conclusions:CEGI has multi-target neuroprotective effects via down-regulating the expression of Aβ and GFAP and up-regulating the expression of NeuN.

Objective To study the pathological features of argyrophilic grains in normal aging brain, AD, PD and progressive superior nuclear paralysis patients. Methods Brain tissue samples taken from 5 AD, 3 PD, 2 progressive superior nuclear paralysis patients with complete clinico-pathological data and 4 normal aging brain subjects were stained with HE, Luxol fast blue and Gallyas-Braak silver respectively. Aβ, tau, α-synuclein and P62 antibodies were detected by microscopy with immunohistochemical staining. The pathological features of argyrophilic grains were recorded. Results The Gallyas-Braak silver staining showed argyrophilic grain structure in 4 out of the 14 amygdaloid nucleus tissue samples (2 from AD patients, 1 from progressive superior nuclear paralysis patients and 1 from normal aging brain patients) with a positive rate of 28.6％. The immunohistochemical staining showed positive tau and P62 antibodies. Conclusion Argyrophilic grain lesion is not uncommon in aging-related neurodegenerative diseases such as normal aging brain, AD and progressive superior nuclear paralysis and can thus produce its superposition effect on the clinical symptoms of cognitive impairment in AD and progressive superior nuclear paralysis patients.