Objective To explore the predictive value of electroencephalograph(EEG)quantitative parameters combined with serum microRNAs(miR)-146a-5p in cognitive dysfunction in patients with Alzheimer's disease(AD).Methods A total of 96 AD patients diagnosed in Shaoxing Seventh People's Hospital from March 2022 to May 2024 were selected to assess whether the patients had cognitive impairment according to the Montreal cognitive scale(MoCA)score,and 40 patients with cognitive impairment were set as occurrence group(MoCA score＜26points).A total of 56 patients with normal cognitive function were set as non-developing group(MoCA score ≥ 26points).Quantitative electroencephalography(EEG)parameters and serum miR-146a-5p were compared between the two groups.The risk factors of cognitive dysfunction in AD patients were analyzed by Logistic regression,and receiver operating characteristic curve was used to predict efficacy of EEG quantitative parameters and serum miR-146a-5p on cognitive dysfunction in AD patients.Results The δ frequency band,θ frequency band,and serum miR-146a-5p levels were lower in occurrence group than those in non occurrence group,while β frequency band and α frequency band were higher in occurrence group than in those non occurrence group(P＜0.05).δ frequency band,θ frequency band,miR-146a-5p,age,and years of education were risk factors for cognitive dysfunction in AD patients(P＜0.05).The area under the curve(AUC)of predicting cognitive impairment in AD patients using the combination of δ frequency band,θ frequency band,βfrequency band,α frequency band,and miR-146a-5p was 0.908.The sensitivity of predicting cognitive impairment in AD patients using the combination of delta frequency band,δ frequency band,β frequency band,α frequency band,and miR-146a-5p was higher than that of individual detection(P＜0.05).Conclusion The decrease in δ frequency band,θ frequency band,serum miR-146a-5p,and the increase in β frequency band and α frequency are closely related to the occurrence of cognitive dysfunction in AD patients.Combined detection of EEG of electroencephalogram and serum miR-146a-5p can improve the predictive efficiency of cognitive dysfunction.

Objective To discuss the different types of benefits of family care for Alzheimer's disease(AD)and its influencing factors based on the latent profile analysis.Methods A total of 154 family caregivers of patients with AD who were treated in Shaoxing Seventh People's Hospital,from July 2020 to September 2023 were selected as the research objects.A cross-sectional survey was conducted on the family caregivers of patients with AD by using general information questionnaire and disease benefit scale,and the results were profile analyzed.The influencing factors of family caregivers of patients with AD were analyzed by multiple linear regression.Results Family caregivers of AD can be roughly divided into three potential profile categories:high support positive type,stable health type and low growth introversion type.Multiple linear regression analysis showed that age,family income per capita,anxiety and social support were the independent influencing factors of family caregivers of AD(P＜0.05).Conclusion There are characteristic differences in the types of disease benefit of family caregivers of AD.Nurses can take personalized psychological counseling and intervention measures according to different types of disease benefit of family caregivers to maintain the mental health of family caregivers of AD.

Objective To explore the predictive value of electroencephalograph(EEG)quantitative parameters combined with serum microRNAs(miR)-146a-5p in cognitive dysfunction in patients with Alzheimer's disease(AD).Methods A total of 96 AD patients diagnosed in Shaoxing Seventh People's Hospital from March 2022 to May 2024 were selected to assess whether the patients had cognitive impairment according to the Montreal cognitive scale(MoCA)score,and 40 patients with cognitive impairment were set as occurrence group(MoCA score＜26points).A total of 56 patients with normal cognitive function were set as non-developing group(MoCA score ≥ 26points).Quantitative electroencephalography(EEG)parameters and serum miR-146a-5p were compared between the two groups.The risk factors of cognitive dysfunction in AD patients were analyzed by Logistic regression,and receiver operating characteristic curve was used to predict efficacy of EEG quantitative parameters and serum miR-146a-5p on cognitive dysfunction in AD patients.Results The δ frequency band,θ frequency band,and serum miR-146a-5p levels were lower in occurrence group than those in non occurrence group,while β frequency band and α frequency band were higher in occurrence group than in those non occurrence group(P＜0.05).δ frequency band,θ frequency band,miR-146a-5p,age,and years of education were risk factors for cognitive dysfunction in AD patients(P＜0.05).The area under the curve(AUC)of predicting cognitive impairment in AD patients using the combination of δ frequency band,θ frequency band,βfrequency band,α frequency band,and miR-146a-5p was 0.908.The sensitivity of predicting cognitive impairment in AD patients using the combination of delta frequency band,δ frequency band,β frequency band,α frequency band,and miR-146a-5p was higher than that of individual detection(P＜0.05).Conclusion The decrease in δ frequency band,θ frequency band,serum miR-146a-5p,and the increase in β frequency band and α frequency are closely related to the occurrence of cognitive dysfunction in AD patients.Combined detection of EEG of electroencephalogram and serum miR-146a-5p can improve the predictive efficiency of cognitive dysfunction.

Objective To discuss the different types of benefits of family care for Alzheimer's disease(AD)and its influencing factors based on the latent profile analysis.Methods A total of 154 family caregivers of patients with AD who were treated in Shaoxing Seventh People's Hospital,from July 2020 to September 2023 were selected as the research objects.A cross-sectional survey was conducted on the family caregivers of patients with AD by using general information questionnaire and disease benefit scale,and the results were profile analyzed.The influencing factors of family caregivers of patients with AD were analyzed by multiple linear regression.Results Family caregivers of AD can be roughly divided into three potential profile categories:high support positive type,stable health type and low growth introversion type.Multiple linear regression analysis showed that age,family income per capita,anxiety and social support were the independent influencing factors of family caregivers of AD(P＜0.05).Conclusion There are characteristic differences in the types of disease benefit of family caregivers of AD.Nurses can take personalized psychological counseling and intervention measures according to different types of disease benefit of family caregivers to maintain the mental health of family caregivers of AD.

With the aging of the world's population,the incidence of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is continuously increasing.Currently,AD has become one of the most severe challenges faced by modern medicine.Genistein is a flavonoid phytoactive substance,whose structure is similar to that of estrogen,allowing it to mimic the effects of estrogen and possess various biological activities.Due to its multi-pathway targeting and low toxicity characteristics,it is considered to be an effective potential therapeutic source for AD.In this paper,the pharmacokinetics of genistein are introduced,and its neuroprotective effects and mechanisms in AD are reviewed from the aspects of its estrogen-like action,antioxidant,anti-inflammatory,anti-β-amyloid,regulation of cholinergic neurotransmission and inhibition of Tau protein phosphorylation.

Objective To study the distribution and drug resistance characteristics of pathogenic bacteria in the elderly population of China by collecting and analyzing the standardized case data on the pathogens of infections in elderly patients,and to facilitate the establishment of a standardized layered surveillance system for pathogenic bacteria in China.Methods We collected the case data of elderly patients(≥65 years old)from 62 sentinel hospitals across the country in 2021.Then,we statistically analyzed the data by patient age,their geographical region,the distribution of pathogenic bacteria,and the drug resistance characteristics of main pathogens.Results A total of 3468 cases from across the country were included in the study.The top three sources of patients were the intensive care unit(13.2%),the department of respiratory medicine(11.2%),and the department of general surgery(8.4%).The top three types of specimens were urine(25.5%),sputum(20.6%),and blood(18.7%).A total of 3468 strains of pathogens were isolated,among which,78.9%were gram-negative bacteria and 21.1%were gram-positive bacteria.The top five types of bacteria were Escherichia coli(20.9%),Klebsiella pneumoniae(18.3%),Pseudomonas aeruginosa(11.2%),Staphylococcus aureus(9.0%),and Acinetobacter baumannii(7.0%).The isolation rates of common important drug-resistant bacteria were 38.0%for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus(MRSA),68.7%for carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii(CRAB),and 38.2%for carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa(CRPA),20.1%for carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae(CRKP),5.2%for carbapenem-resistant Escherichia coli(CRECO),and 2.1%for vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus(VRE).There were differences in the isolation rates of CRAB and CRKP in clinical care in the elderly population in seven geographical regions of China(P＜0.05).Klebsiella pneumoniae is the most important pathogen in the elderly population≥85 years old,and the isolation rates of CRKP showed significant differences in different age groups(P＜0.05).Conclusion There are significant differences in the drug resistance of pathogenic bacteria in the elderly populations of different regions and age groups in China.Therefore,monitoring the distribution and drug resistance of pathogenic bacteria in the elderly population and formulating targeted treatment plans according to the characteristics of the specific regions and age groups are of great significance to the improvement in the treatment outcomes and prognosis of the elderly population.

Objective To explore the diagnostic value of magnetic resonance DKI parameters and serum levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha(TNF-α)and interleukin-1α(IL-1α)in Alzheimer's disease(AD).Methods From July 2020 to July 2022,60 patients with Alzheimer's disease in our hospital were selected as the observation group and 60 healthy elderly people over 60 years old as the control group.All patients underwent routine MRI sequence examination,measured DKI parameters,and detected serum TNF-α and IL-1α levels by ELISA.Results The MD value of each brain area was significantly increased in alzheimer's disease patients.FA of white matter,hippocampus and substantia nigra decreased in temporal and parietal cortex,while FA of caudate nucleus,red nucleus and dentate nucleus increased.RK of white matter,hippocampus and thalamus in temporal and parietal cortex decreased significantly,while RK in substantia nigra increased significantly.AK of white matter,thalamus,dentate nucleus and substantia nigra in temporal and parietal cortex were significantly decreased.The MK in white matter,hippocampus and thalamus of temporal and parietal cortex decreased significantly,while the MK in caudate nucleus and substantia nigra increased significantly.The serum levels of homotype hemisoline and acetylcholinesterase increased significantly.Conclusion Combined magnetic resonance DKI parameters and detection of serum TNF-α and IL-1α levels have certain diagnostic and predictive value for the occurrence of Alzheimer's disease.

Objective:To analyze the characteristics of smoking network among smokers in Kunming smoking cessation outpatient service.Methods:A multicenter, cross-sectional study was carried out, and smoking cessation outpatients from 8 tertiary hospitals (the Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, the First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Yan′an Hospital, Ganmei Hospital, the 920 Hospital of the Chinese People′s Liberation Army Joint Logistic Support Force, Kunming First People′s Hospital, the First People′s Hospital of Yunnan Province and the Second People′s Hospital of Yunnan Province) in Kunming, Yunnan Province were included to receive a questionnaire survey. The questionnaire mainly consisted of four parts: (1) demographic characteristics of smokers; (2) the specific situation of smoking; (3) social support network; (4) smoking network. A total of 360 questionnaires were distributed in this survey, 351 were recovered, and 351 were valid, the collected data from valid questionnaire were statistically analyzed to analyze the social demographic characteristics, smoking status and smoking network characteristics of smokers.Results:In this survey, the demographic characteristics of the 351 patients in the smoking cessation clinic were as follows: there were 342 male cases (97.4%), 249 cases (70.9%) were Han, 233 patients (66.4%) were non-religious, there were 236 cases (67.2%) with college degree or above, and 51 cases (14.5%) were unemployed. The analysis of smoking status showed that 167 patients (47.6%) maintained daily smoking, 247 patients (70.4%) had plans to quit smoking, at least one parent of 258 patients (73.5%) had a history of smoking, 188 patients (53.6 %) smoked at home. In the smoking network of the surveyed patients, there were 304 patients (86.6%) who smoked together with two or more people, and more than 90 percent of the patients smoked with the same sex.Conclusions:The smoking network of patients in Kunming smoking cessation clinic is small, and a third of smokers are friends. It is suggested to use the characteristics of smoking network to carry out smoking cessation intervention activities, so as to improve the success rate of smoking cessation.

Objective:To explore the application of PDCA (plan, do, check, act) cycle theory in the teaching of eight-year clinical medical students for the course of Laboratory Diagnostics.Methods:From September 2021 to November 2022, the students majoring in clinical medicine of eight-year system who were studying the course of Laboratory Diagnostics at Peking Union Medical College were selected as the research objects. The teaching reform of the course of Laboratory Diagnostics was carried out according to the four stages of PDCA cycle theory, and the teaching effect was evaluated by the final examination results and questionnaire survey scores of the students.Results:The score of theoretical examination of eight-year students in 2018 was (86.7±4.68) points, which was higher than that of students in 2017 [(83.3±3.89) points], and the difference was statistically significant ( P<0.05). The questionnaire survey results of the two groups of students showed that the rating of experimental course was higher than that of theoretical course ( P<0.05). After the teaching reform based on PDCA cycle theory, the questionnaire survey scores of theoretical course [(3.83±0.25) points vs (2.94±0.28) points] and experimental course [(4.13±0.09) points vs (3.32±0.12) points] in students of 2018 were higher than those of 2017 (all P<0.001). Conclusion:PDCA cycle theory provides new methods and ideas for teaching management, which helps to improve the performance of clinical medical students of eight-year system and their recognition of the course.

Reflex tests are ordered when a particular test result indicates that additional testing should be performed according to the guidelines or the feedback process formulated by clinical consultation. The application scope of the reflex tests involves various subspecialties of laboratory medicine. The clinical application needs the support of qualified laboratory doctors, comprehensive information and financial system, clinical guidelines, and so on. Active application of reflex tests can promote the standardization of evidence-based medicine in clinical practice, save medical resources, and shorten the diagnosis and treatment time of patients.