Acute high-altitude (HA) illnesses (AHAIs), including acute mountain sickness (AMS), HA cerebral edema (HACE), and HA pulmonary edema (HAPE), represent significant health challenges for individuals rapidly ascending to high altitudes. Cytokines (interleukins (ILs)) and chemokines, which are involved in inflammatory and immunological responses, regulate the response of the body to hypoxic stress. Their dysregulation can contribute to the clinical symptoms of AMS, HACE, and HAPE by increasing vascular permeability, causing edema and damaging tissue. AHAIs elevate the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, such as IL-17, tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), IL-1, IL-6, C-X-C motif chemokine ligand (CXCL) 10, CXCL8, C-C motif ligand 2 (CCL2 (CCL2), and CCL3, exacerbating symptoms. Thus, this review focuses on the cytokines and chemokines involved in AHAIs and the molecular mechanisms that extend beyond these cytokines and chemokines in clinical and preclinical contexts. Identifying these mediators and pathways helps researchers design drugs that reduce symptoms, slow disease progression, and enhance outcomes. Cytokines and chemokines have complex functions in these disorders and may serve as prospective therapeutic targets. Finally, we discuss treatment possibilities for AHAIs (drugs, exercise, and other inhibitors). This knowledge will help us to protect and improve the health of individuals at high altitudes.

Objective To understand the current situation of the management of patients'self-provided infusion drugs in secondary and above general hospitals in China,and to provide a theoretical and practical basis for improving the management system.Methods The annual pharmacy professional quality control work survey conducted by the National Pharmaceutical Management Professional Quality Control Center was used to obtain information on the management of patients'self-provided infusion drugs in secondary and above general hospitals in 31 provinces(autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the central government)and the Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps of Chinese mainland from 2020 to 2022,and was summarized and calculated using data-processing software.Results The total number of secondary and above general hospitals included in the analysis from 2020 to 2022 is 4 786,5 063 and 6 041,respectively.In 2022,compared with 2020,the percentage of hospitals allowing patients to use self-provided infused drugs decreased from 55.08％to 48.54％,the percentage of hospitals that have established a system for managing patients' self-provided drugs increased from 81.54％to 98.09％,and the percentage of hospitalized patients' use of self-provided drugs that are all documented in their medical orders increased from 79.76％to 90.72％.The types of drugs that hospitals allow patients to use for self-provided infusion are mainly antitumor drugs,the places where self-provided infusion drugs are dispensed are mainly clinical departments(wards),and the main source of self-provided infusion drugs is self-pickup by patients.Conclusion Hospitals should establish a management system for patients'self-provided drugs,strengthen the information management of self-provided infusion drugs,and ensure drug supply and medication safety for patients.

The new era imposes heightened demands on medical professionals,who must not only possess a solid theoretical foundation but also exhibit strong practical skills and innovative capabilities.The quality of medical func-tional laboratory construction is crucial for cultivating high-caliber medical talents.In light of the current developmental status and trends regarding functional experiment teaching within Chinese higher education institutions,particularly the disparities in development across various regions and institutions,the Functional Experiment Teaching Committee of the Chinese Pathophysiology Society has developed an expert consensus on laboratory construction standards.This consensus was established through comprehensive investigations,research,and extensive discussions to provide a reference for di-verse institutions to continuously enhance their levels of laboratory construction.

The new era imposes heightened demands on medical professionals,who must not only possess a solid theoretical foundation but also exhibit strong practical skills and innovative capabilities.The quality of medical func-tional laboratory construction is crucial for cultivating high-caliber medical talents.In light of the current developmental status and trends regarding functional experiment teaching within Chinese higher education institutions,particularly the disparities in development across various regions and institutions,the Functional Experiment Teaching Committee of the Chinese Pathophysiology Society has developed an expert consensus on laboratory construction standards.This consensus was established through comprehensive investigations,research,and extensive discussions to provide a reference for di-verse institutions to continuously enhance their levels of laboratory construction.

Objective To understand the current situation of the management of patients'self-provided infusion drugs in secondary and above general hospitals in China,and to provide a theoretical and practical basis for improving the management system.Methods The annual pharmacy professional quality control work survey conducted by the National Pharmaceutical Management Professional Quality Control Center was used to obtain information on the management of patients'self-provided infusion drugs in secondary and above general hospitals in 31 provinces(autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the central government)and the Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps of Chinese mainland from 2020 to 2022,and was summarized and calculated using data-processing software.Results The total number of secondary and above general hospitals included in the analysis from 2020 to 2022 is 4 786,5 063 and 6 041,respectively.In 2022,compared with 2020,the percentage of hospitals allowing patients to use self-provided infused drugs decreased from 55.08％to 48.54％,the percentage of hospitals that have established a system for managing patients' self-provided drugs increased from 81.54％to 98.09％,and the percentage of hospitalized patients' use of self-provided drugs that are all documented in their medical orders increased from 79.76％to 90.72％.The types of drugs that hospitals allow patients to use for self-provided infusion are mainly antitumor drugs,the places where self-provided infusion drugs are dispensed are mainly clinical departments(wards),and the main source of self-provided infusion drugs is self-pickup by patients.Conclusion Hospitals should establish a management system for patients'self-provided drugs,strengthen the information management of self-provided infusion drugs,and ensure drug supply and medication safety for patients.

Abstract: Objective To observe the curative effect of thread-hanging combined with cotton plug on stage Ⅲ paronychia. Methods Sixty-one patients with stage Ⅲ paronychia were selected and randomly divided into a treatment group and a control group. The treatment group (n=31) was treated with thread-hanging and tampon under local infiltration anesthesia, and changed dressing and tampon every day after operation. After the wound healed, the patient soaked his feet in warm water every day and changed the tampon himself until the symptoms subsided, and the knot did not receive special treatment, and the nail plate would naturally shed as it outgrew the paronychia. The control group (n=30) was treated with thread-hanging and nail groove reconstruction under nerve block anesthesia, and the dressing was changed every day after operation. After thread removal, the patients soaked their feet in warm water every day until the symptoms subsided, and the knot was not specially treated, and it naturally fell off with the growth of the deck beyond the nail groove. The postoperative Visual Analog Scale (VAS) pain score, pain duration, wound healing time, cure rate, effective rate and recurrence rate of paronychia, and patients' satisfaction with the operation were compared between the two groups. Results Compared with the control group, the treatment group had lower VAS pain scores on the first and third postoperative days (2.1±0.3) and (0.2±0.1) vs. (6.3±0.1) and (3.2±0.2), respectively, shorter duration of pain and wound healing time (3.3±0.3) days and (10.1±0.5) days vs. (5.2±0.3) days and (15.2±0.3) days, respectively, higher cure rate (87.1% vs. 66.7%), lower failure rate (12.9% vs. 33.3%), lower recurrence rate (7.4% vs. 20.0%), and higher patient satisfaction (97.0% vs.75.3%). The treatment group showed significant superiority over the control group in all outcomes. Conclusion For patients with stage Ⅲ paronychia, thread-hanging combined with cotton tampon without nail groove reconstruction is advantageous as it avoids additional skin trauma, and does not affect the nail appearance and normal periungual barrier after healing, , reduces patient discomfort, and shortens the time off work, resulting in a higher cure rate. This treatment approach is therefore worth promoting in clinical practice.

OBJECTIVE: To establish an improved mouse model of valproic acid (VPA)-induced autism that better mimics human autism. METHODS: We established mouse models of autism in female C57 mice by intraperitoneal injection of sodium valproate either at a single dose (600 mg/kg) on day 12.5 after conception (conventional group) or in two doses of 300 mg/kg each on days 10 and 12 after conception (modified group), and the control mice were injected with saline only on day 12.5. The responses of the mice to VPA injection, the uterus, mortality rate, and abortion rate were compared among the 3 groups. The morphology and development of the offspring mice were assessed, and their behavioral ontogeny was evaluated using 3- chambered social test, social test, juvenil play test, and open field test. RESULTS: The mortality and abortion rates were significantly lower in the modified model group than in the conventional group ( < 0.01). Compared with those in the control group, the offspring mice in both the conventional group and the modified group showed developmental disorders ( < 0.05). The mortality rate of the newborn mice was significantly lower in the modified group than in the conventional group with a rate of curvy tail of up to 100% ( < 0.001). The offspring mice in both the modified group and conventional group exhibited autism-like behavioral abnormalities, including social disorder and repetitive stereotyped behavior ( < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS The mouse model of autism established using the modified method better mimics human autism with reduced mortality and abortion rates of the pregnant mice and also decreased mortality rate of the newborn mice.
Animals ; Autistic Disorder ; Disease Models, Animal ; Female ; Mice ; Pregnancy ; Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects ; Valproic Acid

Objective To investigate the expression of FBP1 in human renal clear cell carcinoma and paracancerous tissue and its effect and clinical significance in the carcinogenesis,progression and prognosis of renal cancer.Methods The paraffin sections from 118 patients with renal clear cell carcinoma treated by surgical resection and fresh specimens from 40 patients with renal clear cell carcinoma were selected.The expressions of FBP1 protein and mRNA in renal cancer and paracancerous tissues(negative incisal edge) were detected by adopting the immunohistochemistry(IHC),Western blot and RT-PCR.Its correlation with clinicopathologic characteristics and prognosis of the patients was analyzed.Results The IHC result,found that strong positive expression of FBP1 protein could be seen in 78.81％ (93/118) of cancer-adjacent tissues,while only 39.83％ (47/118) of renal cancer tissues had positive expression.Western blot found that the expression positive rate of FBP1 in renal cancer tissue was significantly decreased compared with corresponding cancer-adjacent tissues (P＜0.01).RT-PCR found that the FBP1mRAN expression level in cancer-adjacent tissues was also significantly higher than that in renal cancer tissue(P＜0.05).The FBP1 low expression was significantly correlated with the clinical stage,pathologic grade,UISS risk coefficient and recurrence(P＜0.05),and had no relation with the age,gender,symptoms,tumor size,location,tumor necrosis,vascular invasion and adrenal involvement(P＞0.05).The 5-year survival rate in renal cancer patients with FBP1 positive expression was higher than that in the patients with FBP1 negative expression(P＜0.05).Conclusion FBP1 and protein are lowly expressed in renal cancer tissue,are correlated with occurrence and development of renal cancer,and may become one of candidate markers of renal cancer prognosis.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of olopatadine hydrochloride for the treatment of chronic idiopathic urticaria (CIU). Methods A multicentre, double-blind, randomized, parallel-group, controlled clinical trial was conducted. A total of 144 patients with CIU from 3 research centers were enrolled into this study, and randomly and equally divided into a test group and a control group. The test group administrated olopatadine hydrochloride 5 mg twice a day for 28 consecutive days, while the control group administrated levocetirizine hydrochloride 5 mg in the forenoon and a placebo tablet of olopatadine hydrochloride 5 mg in the afternoon for 28 consecutive days. The symptom score reducing index(SSRI)served as the primary outcome, and global assessment score for efficacy and total response rates as the secondary outcome. Results Totally, 137 patients completed the trial, including 70 in the test group and 67 in the control group. As intention-to-treat analysis showed, there were no significant differences in the total response rate between the test group and control group on day 7 (64.29% (45/70)vs. 56.72%(38/67), P > 0.05), 14(82.86%(58/70)vs. 74.63%(50/67), P > 0.05), or 28(87.14%(61/70)vs. 77.61%(52/67), P >0.05)after start of treatment. The SSRI was significantly higher in the test group than in the control group after 4 weeks of treatment(82.67% ± 22.70% vs. 70.51% ± 32.07%, P < 0.05). In addition, no significant difference was observed in the incidence of adverse reactions between the test group and control group(33.80%(24/71)vs. 27.94%(19/68), P > 0.05), and adverse reactions mainly included lethargy, dry mouth, fatigue, etc. Conclusion Olopatadine hydrochloride is effective and safe for the treatment of CIU.

Objective To explore the effect of psychological intervention on anxiety and depression in family members of patients with chronic hepatitis B .Methods A total of 68 cases,who had family members with chronic hepatitis B , were randomly divided into the experimental group and control group , with 34 cases in each group .The family members in the control group were given routine nursing education while the family members in the experimental group were given routine care combining psychological intervention .All cases were investigated the mental state by self-rating anxiety scale ( SAS ) and self-rating depression scale ( SDS ) before and after intervention.Results The score of SDS in the family members was (39.81 ±5.34),and SAS score in the family members was ( 34 .67 ±4 .61 ) , which were higher than the national norm , the differences were statistically significant (t =9.71,8.92, respectively;P <0.05).Before the psychological intervention,the differences of SAS and SDS scores between two groups were not statistically significant ( P >0.05 ) .After psychological intervention ,the depression and anxiety degree of the experimental group were significantly lower than before (P<0.05).Conclusions Most family members of patients with chronic hepatitis B are in anxiety and depression condition ,and psychological intervention could effectively release their anxiety and depression .