BACKGROUND: Growing evidence suggests that long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) exert pivotal roles in fostering chemoresistance across diverse tumors. Nevertheless, the precise involvement of lncRNAs in modulating chemoresistance within the context of gallbladder cancer (GBC) remains obscure. This study aimed to uncover how lncRNAs regulate chemoresistance in gallbladder cancer, offering potential targets to overcome drug resistance. METHODS: To elucidate the relationship between gemcitabine sensitivity and small nucleolar RNA host gene 1 ( SNHG1 ) expression, we utilized publicly available GBC databases, GBC tissues from Renji Hospital collected between January 2017 and December 2019, as well as GBC cell lines. The assessment of SNHG1, miR-23b-3p, and phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) expression was performed using in situ  hybridization, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, and western blotting. The cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay was used to quantify the cell viability. Furthermore, a GBC xenograft model was employed to evaluate the impact of SNHG1 on the therapeutic efficacy of gemcitabine. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analyses were executed to assess the specificity and sensitivity of SNHG1. RESULTS: Our analyses revealed an inverse correlation between the lncRNA SNHG1 and gemcitabine resistance across genomics of drug sensitivity in cancer (GDSC) and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) datasets, GBC cell lines, and patients. Gain-of-function investigations underscored that SNHG1 heightened the gemcitabine sensitivity of GBC cells in both in vitro and in vivo  settings. Mechanistic explorations illuminated that SNHG1 could activate PTEN -a commonly suppressed tumor suppressor gene in cancers-thereby curbing the development of gemcitabine resistance in GBC cells. Notably, microRNA (miRNA) target prediction algorithms unveiled the presence of miR-23b-3p binding sites within SNHG1 and the 3'-untranslated region (UTR) of PTEN . Moreover, SNHG1 acted as a sponge for miR-23b-3p, competitively binding to the 3'-UTR of PTEN , thereby amplifying PTEN expression and heightening the susceptibility of GBC cells to gemcitabine. CONCLUSION The SNHG1/miR-23b-3p/PTEN axis emerges as a pivotal regulator of gemcitabine sensitivity in GBC cells, holding potential as a promising therapeutic target for managing GBC patients.
Humans ; Deoxycytidine/pharmacology* ; PTEN Phosphohydrolase/genetics* ; Gemcitabine ; RNA, Long Noncoding/metabolism* ; MicroRNAs/genetics* ; Gallbladder Neoplasms/genetics* ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Animals ; Mice ; Drug Resistance, Neoplasm/genetics* ; Mice, Nude ; Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic ; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic

Objective To address the bottlenecks in the application of wastewater biological treatment technology under space conditions,an experimental system for the biological treatment of space wastewater was constructed and its biochemical performance examined.The findings of this study will provide technical support for the biological treatment of space wastewater.Methods Based on the Membrane Aerated Biofilm Reactor(MABR)process,a biological treatment experimental system for space wastewater was constructed and conducted the continuous flow test for 77 days to investigate the performance of PVDF and PP membrane modules in the treatment of simulated air condensate.Results The results demonstrated that both membrane modules exhibited an average TOC removal rate of 90%,indicative of their effective organic matter removal capacity.In the air supply mode,the ammonia oxidation capacity was observed to be comparatively lower,whereas in the oxygen source without bubbling mode,the nitrogen oxidation rate and total nitrogen removal rate could be attained above 90%,indicating a notable degree of simultaneous nitrification and denitrification.The results demonstrated that the mode of gas supply had a significant impact on the nitrogen conversion performance.The abundance of nitrogen-converting bacteria in PP membrane module is higher than that in PVDF membrane module,indicating a better nitrogen-converting performance in PP membrane module.Conclusion The constructed wastewater biological treatment system is optimally suited for the treatment of air condensate,thereby offering a novel technical approach for space wastewater treatment.

Biliary tract cancers (BTC), a heterogeneous disease with poor prognosis, including gallbladder cancer (GBC), intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC), and extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ECC). Although surgery is currently the primary regimen to treat BTC, most BTC patients are diagnosed at an advanced stage and miss the opportunity of surgical eradication. As a result, non-surgical therapy serves as the main intervention for advanced BTC. In recent years, immunotherapy has emerged as one of the most promising therapies in a number of solid cancers, and it includes immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) monotherapy or combined therapy, tumor vaccines, oncolytic virus immunotherapy, adoptive cell therapy (ACT), and cytokine therapy. However, these therapies have been practiced in limited clinical settings in patients with BTC. In this review, we focus on the discussion of latest advances of immunotherapy in BTC and update the progress of multiple current clinical trials with different immunotherapies.

Purpose To investigate the abnormal brain development in fetuses with isolated mild to moderate ventriculomegaly(VM)during the second and third trimesters of pregnancy by using semi-quantitative fetal total maturation score(fTMS).Materials and Methods A retrospective analysis was performed on 45 normal fetuses and 78 abnormal fetuses who underwent fetal MRI in the General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University from January 2018 to October 2022.fTMS was used to score all images.Linear regression was used to assess the relationship between fTMS and gestational age between normal and abnormal fetuses and to analyze the differences between fetuses with isolated mild and moderate VM and controls.Results In the control group,fetal fTMS was significantly positively correlated with gestational age(r=0.939,P<0.05).The linear regression equation between fTMS(Y)and gestational age(X)was as follows:Y=-28.1+1.25X.In the mild and moderate isolated VM groups,fTMS was positively correlated with gestational age(r=0.945,0.906,P<0.05).The linear regression equations of fTMS(Y)and gestational age(X)were:Y=-28.46+1.24X,Y=-25.57+1.13X.The average fTMS of healthy fetus,mild VM and moderate VM were(10.55±4.25)points,(10.13+4.08)points and(9.22±3.77)points,respectively.There was no significant difference in fTMS between the 49 fetuses with mild isolated VM and the control group(t=1.651,P>0.05).There was significant difference in fTMS between the 29 fetuses with moderate isolated VM and the control group(t=2.306,P<0.05).Conclusion fTMS is suitable for routine clinical use and sensitive to differences in brain maturation between fetuses with isolated moderate VM and healthy controls.

In response to the challenge of sintering silicon carbide ceramic into complex part,which limits it application in certain mechanical seal,a design was developed that integrates silicon carbide ring with metal component to create a mechanical sealed with intricate structure.Type tests and durability tests were designed and conducted in the context of urine processor assembly for space stations,the test results indicate that the static liquid leakage rate of mosaic type mechanical seal did not exceed 0.88 mL/h under a pressure differential of 50 kPa,and the dynamic liquid leakage rate did not exceed 0.47 mL/h at a rotational speed of 400 r/min.The vibration and impact qualification tests of dynamic environment were conducted under the conditions of mechanical seals installed.There was no change in sealing performance observed before and after the tests.Following that,a 4 500-hour durability test was performed in pretreated urine.The results showed good sealing performance.After the test,the mechanical seals were disassembled and checked.the installation and appearance of ceramic rings were found to be in good condition,with no visible corrosion or wear.The results suggest that this integrated structure meets the requirements for complex mechanical structures and can operate stably over extended periods under acidic and corrosive liquid conditions.

When conducting long-term experimental verification of urine regeneration using ground equipment of manned space water regeneration system,it was found that the ion exchange removal ability of the water regeneration system is also affected when the pre-treatment agent changes.Therefore,the influence behavior and mechanism of pre-treatment agent changes on the ion exchange removal capacity of water regeneration systems were studied through small sample experiments,water quality composition analysis,and other means.The results showed that with the increase of CrO3 content in the pre-treatment agent,the organic acid content in distilled water increased,leading to an increase in the conductivity,an increase in the organic carbon content,and a decrease in pH value of distilled water.Organic acids have low degree of dissociation in water,and their selectivity coefficients are low when exchanging with strong alkaline anion exchange resins.This results in a slow ion exchange rate of the acid ion.As the organic acid content in distilled water increases,the ion exchange band of acid ion widens and shifts backwards,causing resin penetration,resulting in a decrease in the ion exchange removal ability of the water regeneration system.

Neurofibromatosis type 1 is a progressive autosomal dominant inherited disease caused by a mutation in neurofibromin 1(NF1)gene located on chromosome 1 7q1 1.2.NF1 can cause systemic peripheral neuropathy,but the clinical manifestations are varied due to the different onset times and lesion sites in different patients.The treatment of NF1 involves multiple disciplines due to different lesion sites.Clinical monitoring and symptomatic treatment are the main methods for NF1 management,while radical treatment is difficult.New drugs targeted at the pathogenic gene-related signaling pathways are expected to improve the therapeutic effect for NF1.This review summarizes the progress in the basic research and clinical diagnosis and treatment of NF1.

BACKGROUND: Gallbladder cancer (GBC) is the most common malignant tumor of biliary tract. Isoliquiritigenin (ISL) is a natural compound with chalcone structure extracted from the roots of licorice and other plants. Relevant studies have shown that ISL has a strong anti-tumor ability in various types of tumors. However, the research of ISL against GBC has not been reported, which needs to be further investigated. METHODS: The effects of ISL against GBC cells in vitro and in vivo were characterized by cytotoxicity test, RNA-sequencing, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, reactive oxygen species (ROS) detection, lipid peroxidation detection, ferrous ion detection, glutathione disulphide/glutathione (GSSG/GSH) detection, lentivirus transfection, nude mice tumorigenesis experiment and immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: ISL significantly inhibited the proliferation of GBC cells in vitro . The results of transcriptome sequencing and bioinformatics analysis showed that ferroptosis was the main pathway of ISL inhibiting the proliferation of GBC, and HMOX1 and GPX4 were the key molecules of ISL-induced ferroptosis. Knockdown of HMOX1 or overexpression of GPX4 can reduce the sensitivity of GBC cells to ISL-induced ferroptosis and significantly restore the viability of GBC cells. Moreover, ISL significantly reversed the iron content, ROS level, lipid peroxidation level and GSSG/GSH ratio of GBC cells. Finally, ISL significantly inhibited the growth of GBC in vivo and regulated the ferroptosis of GBC by mediating HMOX1 and GPX4 . CONCLUSION ISL induced ferroptosis in GBC mainly by activating p62-Keap1-Nrf2-HMOX1 signaling pathway and down-regulating GPX4 in vitro and in vivo . This evidence may provide a new direction for the treatment of GBC.
Animals ; Mice ; Carcinoma in Situ ; Chalcones/pharmacology* ; Ferroptosis ; Gallbladder Neoplasms/genetics* ; Glutathione Disulfide ; Kelch-Like ECH-Associated Protein 1 ; Mice, Nude ; NF-E2-Related Factor 2/genetics* ; Reactive Oxygen Species ; Humans

Humans ; Adult ; Serum Albumin, Human ; Consensus ; Cardiac Surgical Procedures ; Thoracic Surgery

Pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD) is an established surgical treatment for pancreatic and periampullary diseases. Abdominal drainage after PD has been routinely used for many years to early detect complications and to promote rapid recovery of patients. However, with the introduction of enhanced recovery after surgery, controversies exist on the safety and effectiveness of routine use of abdominal drainage after PD. This article reviewed the controversies on whether routine abdominal drainage are necessary after PD, how to place abdominal drains, and when to remove abdominal drains.