Phacoemulsification with intraocular lens implantation(Phaco+lOL)has become the main treatment for cataracts due to small incision and fast recovery. Phacoemulsification can damage the conjunctiva, cornea and other ocular surface tissues, causing local inflammation, which in turn leads to eye dryness and discomfort after surgery. According to studies, patients who suffer from phacoemulsification most experience dry eye syndrome within 24 h, which gradually worsens and reaches its peak in the following 1 wk, seriously affecting their quality of life. The review aims to comprehensively investigate the effects of preoperative patient physical conditions and local ocular status, intraoperative maneuvers and postoperative treatments on postoperative dry eye, with the expectation of formulating scientific and effective preventive measures for potential dry eye patients after phacoemulsification, and providing a theoretical basis for postoperative dry eye treatment.

Objective To investigate the efficacy and safety of Xihuang capsules as an adjuvant treatment for metastatic colorectal cancer and their impact on immune function. Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on clinical data from 112 patients diagnosed with metastatic colorectal cancer. The patients were categorized into two groups: a control group (n=56) that did not take Xihuang capsules and an observation group (n=56) that did. The efficacy, improvement of quality of life, toxic and side effects and immune function of the two groups were analyzed and compared. Results After treatment, the disease control rate (DCR) and the rate of improvement in quality of life were significantly higher in the observation group compared to the control group. Additionally, levels of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and the incidence of adverse reactions, including bone marrow suppression and liver and kidney function damage, were significantly lower in the observation group. Furthermore, the percentages of CD4⁺ and CD8⁺ T cells, the CD8⁺/CD4⁺ T cells ratio, as well as serum levels of high mobility group box-1 (HMGB1) and interleukin 2 (IL-2) in observation group were significantly elevated compared to pre-treatment levels. Subgroup analysis revealed that patients with a Karnofsky Performance Status (KPS) score ≤80, a high CD8⁺/CD4⁺ T cells ratio, and elevated HMGB1 levels experienced a significantly higher objective response rate (ORR) in the observation group. Conversely, patients with stage IVB disease, who had KPS score ≤80, a low CD8⁺/CD4⁺ T cells ratio and high CEA and IL-2 levels demonstrated a more pronounced DCR in the observation group. Conclusion Xihuang capsules exhibit promising clinical efficacy as an adjuvant treatment for advanced colorectal cancer. They not only enhance patients' quality of life and reduce the toxic and adverse effects of chemotherapy, but also improve immune function. These benefits are particularly significant in patients with a high tumor burden, indicating that Xihuang capsules are worthy of clinical application.
Humans ; Colorectal Neoplasms/immunology* ; Male ; Female ; Middle Aged ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/adverse effects* ; Capsules ; Aged ; Carcinoembryonic Antigen/blood* ; Retrospective Studies ; Quality of Life ; Adult ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Interleukin-2/blood* ; HMGB1 Protein/blood* ; Chemotherapy, Adjuvant

Pyroptosis is a newly discovered programmed cell death that can lead to inflammatory response, its occurrence depends on the sequential activation of inflammatory bodies and caspase, and then the pore-forming generated by the fragmentation of gasdermin D and its cell membrane polymerization. Pyroptosis is mainly comprised of the pathway that depends on caspase-1 activated by flammasomes and the non-classical pathway that depends on caspase-4/5/11 activated by cytoplasmic lipopolysaccharide. As an important mechanism mediating the inflammatory response of the body, pyroptosis plays an irreplaceable role in the body's response to noxious stimuli, which is closely related to many diseases such as nervous system diseases, cardiovascular system diseases and tumors. Recent studies have found that pyroptosis also plays a key role in the occurrence of intestinal ischemia-reperfusion (II/RI). This paper reviews the molecular characteristics, mechanism of pyroptosis and its relationship with II/RI in recent years, in order to provide theoretical basis for the prevention and treatment of II/RI.

Objective To explore nursing scheduling mode in ICU. Methods Grouping was carried out on the basis of nursing decentralized management and the two-way selection between group heads and group members. The research target was the 60 nurses in ICU. Degrees of the nurses' job satisfaction and changes of nursing quality before and after grouping were compared and analyzed. Results The general degree of the nurses' satisfaction towards scheduling was (3.75±0.70) points before grouping while (4.30±0.50) points six months after grouping. The difference had the statistical significance (t=6.5645, P < 0.01);the scores of nursing quality check on classification management, ward management, nursing security, emergency management and hospital infection management were (91.97±1.47), (93.07± 1.66), (93.43 ± 1.50), (94.03 ± 1.10), (94.07 ± 1.39) points respectively before grouping and (95.08 ± 1.63), (95.77±1.55), (96.07±1.41), (97.37±1.56) and (97.07±1.48) points respectively six months after grouping. The differences had the statistical significance (t=6.5192-10.9934, P<0.01). Conclusions The two-way selection among nurses and decentralized management grouping can improve the degree of nurses′job satisfaction and nursing quality.

Objective To investigate the prevalence and distribution of pre-diabetes and diabetes mellitus in Han population aged over 60 years in Urumqi. Methods The physical examination and 75 g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) were performed in 2210 people, including 1231 elderly people aged over 60 years (old age group) and 951 people aged 40-59 years (middle age group). The diagnosis of diabetes mellitus was established according to WHO criteria in 1999. Results In Han ethnic people, the prevalence rates of diabetes mellitus and pre-diabetes were 32.2% and 29.0% respectively in old age group, and were significantly higher than in middle age group ( 12.3% and 20.9%,x2= 192.62, P＜0.05). The prevalence rates of impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) were higher in old age group than in middle age people (21.6% vs. 13.9%, x2 = 20.97, P＜0.05), but there was no significant difference in the prevalence rate of impaired fasting glucose (IFG) between the two groups. The prevalence rate of metabolism syndrome (MS) was higher in old age group than in middle age group (52.2% vs. 33.7%, x2 =73.77, P＜0.05). The multivariable analysis showed that hypertriglyceridemia, hypertension, family history of diabetes mellitus were risk factors for development of diabetes mellitus in elderly Han population (x2 =44.34, P＜0.05). Conclusions The prevalence rates of diabetes and pre-diabetes are considerably high in the current state. It should be strengthened to prevent and treat diabetes mellitus and pre-diabetes in Urumqi Han population,especially in residents aged over 60 years.

BACKGROUND: Transforming growth factor-β(TGF-β) is an essential factor for pathological scar formation. Smad protein group is the signal protein of lower reaches of TGF-β receptor. Asiaticoside can inhibit proliferation of fibroblasts and synthesis of collagen to reduce TGF-β expression in the scar.OBJECTIVE: To study the mechanism of asiaticoside on proliferation of scar fibroblasts and phosphorylated Smad2 and Smad7.DESIGN: Controlled study with observation, in which cell was taken as the object.SETTING: Department of burn and plastic surgery of a hospital affiliated to a university.PARTICIPANTS: The experiment was performed in Surgical Laboratory in Sun Yat-sen University from April 2002 to March 2003. The specimens were selected from 6 inpatients receiving plastic operation due to hyperplasic scar including 3 male and 3 female cases aged varied from 1 to 35 years. The hyperplasic scar fibroblasts were obtained generated from original culture in laboratory of surgical department.INTERVENTIONS: In the research, the experiment group and the control group were divided. In the experiment group, asiaticoside was applied on fibroblasts; in the control group, asiaticoside was not prescribed. The changes of every index were observed before and after medication.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: ① Effect of asiaticoside on expression of phosphorylated Smad2 and Smad7; ② Effect of asiaticoside on cell cycle and apoptosis.RESULTS: Asiaticoside inhibited scar fibroblasts entering M phrase from S phrase and reduced the content of phosphorylated Smad2 in fibroblasts, which did not present significant difference in two groups ( t = 1.53, P =0.08).The content of Smad7 in the cells was (50. 80 ± 22.40)% in the experiment group and (32.18 ± 17.84)% in the control group, which indicated significant difference ( t = 2. 17, P = 0. 024).CONCLUSION: Asiaticoside inhibits scar formation by Smad passage.

ObjectiveTo explore the role of vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF) in the growth and development of hypertrophic scar.MethodsThe burn wound samples of various stages were selected from transition of wound granulation tissue to scar and in long-persisting post-burn hypertrophic scar, and the concentrations of VEGF protein were detected using enzyme-linked immunosorbent essay (ELISA) method. ResultsThe tissue homogenate concentration of VEGF protein increases gradually from the wound granulation tissue to hypertrophic scar before it achieves summit concentration during 4 to 6 month. The concentration of VEGF degreases gradually after the maturation of hypertrophic scar. The high concentration of VEGF is synonymous with the large amount of capillary of the immature scar.ConclusionsThe abnormal expression of VEGF is related to the growth and development of hypertrophic scar and induces excessive and uncontrollable angiogenesis.