Phacoemulsification with intraocular lens implantation(Phaco+lOL)has become the main treatment for cataracts due to small incision and fast recovery. Phacoemulsification can damage the conjunctiva, cornea and other ocular surface tissues, causing local inflammation, which in turn leads to eye dryness and discomfort after surgery. According to studies, patients who suffer from phacoemulsification most experience dry eye syndrome within 24 h, which gradually worsens and reaches its peak in the following 1 wk, seriously affecting their quality of life. The review aims to comprehensively investigate the effects of preoperative patient physical conditions and local ocular status, intraoperative maneuvers and postoperative treatments on postoperative dry eye, with the expectation of formulating scientific and effective preventive measures for potential dry eye patients after phacoemulsification, and providing a theoretical basis for postoperative dry eye treatment.

Objective To address the bottlenecks in the application of wastewater biological treatment technology under space conditions,an experimental system for the biological treatment of space wastewater was constructed and its biochemical performance examined.The findings of this study will provide technical support for the biological treatment of space wastewater.Methods Based on the Membrane Aerated Biofilm Reactor(MABR)process,a biological treatment experimental system for space wastewater was constructed and conducted the continuous flow test for 77 days to investigate the performance of PVDF and PP membrane modules in the treatment of simulated air condensate.Results The results demonstrated that both membrane modules exhibited an average TOC removal rate of 90%,indicative of their effective organic matter removal capacity.In the air supply mode,the ammonia oxidation capacity was observed to be comparatively lower,whereas in the oxygen source without bubbling mode,the nitrogen oxidation rate and total nitrogen removal rate could be attained above 90%,indicating a notable degree of simultaneous nitrification and denitrification.The results demonstrated that the mode of gas supply had a significant impact on the nitrogen conversion performance.The abundance of nitrogen-converting bacteria in PP membrane module is higher than that in PVDF membrane module,indicating a better nitrogen-converting performance in PP membrane module.Conclusion The constructed wastewater biological treatment system is optimally suited for the treatment of air condensate,thereby offering a novel technical approach for space wastewater treatment.

The long service life and high reliability of SiC sliding bearings are crucial for the long-term normal operation of aerospace power equipment.In response to the fracture phenomenon observed in the sliding bearing assembly of a certain delivery pump during operation,this paper analyzes the issue from the perspectives of stress characteristics and thermal expansion effects,proposing a structural optimization design method based on temperature coefficient compensation.The research indicates that the primary cause of bearing fracture is the difference in thermal expansion coefficients between the bearing and the metal rotor under elevated temperatures,leading to axial loosening of the bearing.Additionally,the gap between the bearing and the pin,combined with unstable lubrication of the friction pair,exacerbates bearing stalling and pin impact,ultimately causing cracks and localized chipping.By optimizing the bearing structure and employing a rubber pad for torque transmission,this issue has been successfully resolved.The improved structure demonstrated high reliability and stability in bench tests,providing important theoretical and technical references for the design of bearings under similar extreme operating conditions.

Oxygen generation technologies with lower requirement and higher performance urgently need to be developed to meet the challenges of manned lunar landing and Mars exploration.In this paper,the mission requirements,technical characteristics,key technologies and operation status of oxygen generation assembly by water electrolysis(OGAWE)in China Space Station(CSS)are introduced.Furthermore,the latest developments about oxygen generation by electrolyzing carbon dioxide based on solid oxide electroyte is reported.The application effects and research achievements demonstrate the oxygen generation by electrolysis is one of the most suitable techniques for oxygen regeneration in manned space mission.In addition,the oxygen generation by novel electrolysis technology provides feasible approach for improving the performance of oxygen regeneration and producing oxygen by in-situ utilization of extraterrestrial resource.These development experiments of OGAWE in CSS and research results of novel electrolysis provide valuable references for the technical progress of oxygen generation by electrolysis for manned spaceflight.

Objective To analyze the evaluation value of the standard deviation of erythrocyte volume distribution width(RDW-SD),erythrocyte volume distribution width standard deviation and platelet ratio(RPR)and erythrocyte volume distribution width standard deviation and lymphocyte ratio(RLR)in the de-compensation stage of cirrhosis in primary biliary cholangitis(PBC).Methods The blood routine indexes of 68 patients with PBC admitted and treated in this hospital from January 2019 to June 2021 were retrospective-ly analyzed and divided into the compensation stage(n=36)and decompensation stage(n=32)according to the diagnostic standard.2 mL venous blood was extracted from the patient on an empty stomach in the early morning.The red blood cell(RBC),mean corpuscular volume(MCV),hemoglobin(Hb),hematocrit(HCT),mean erythrocyte hemoglobin content(MCHC),RDW-SD,white blood cell(WBC),neutrophil absolute value(N#),lymphocyte absolute value(L#),platelet count(PLT),mean platelet volume(MPV),platelet volume distribution width(PDW),etc.were detected.The platelet to lymphocyte ratio(PLR),RPR and RLR were calculated.The influencing factors of decompensation stage of PBC cirrhosis were analyzed by binary logistic regression,and the receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve was used to analyze the diagnostic values of different indicators in the decompensation stage of PBC cirrhosis.Results There were statistically significant differences in age,RBC,Hb,HCT,RDW-SD,L #,PLT,RPR and RLR between the compensation group and decompensation group in PBC cirrhosis(P＜0.05).The binary logistic regression analysis showed that the age[odds ratios(OR)=1.087,95％confidence intervals(CI):1.015-1.165,P＜0.05],RDW-SD(OR=1.144,95％CI:1.030-1.270,P＜0.05)and RLR(OR=1.041,95％CI:1.007-1.075,P＜0.05)were the independent risk factors for progressing to the decompensation stage in the patients with PBC cirrhosis com-pensation stage.The ROC curve analysis showed that the areas under ROC curve(AUC)of RDW-SD,RPR and RLR for the diagnosis alone of decompensation stage of PBC cirrhosis were 0.726,0.778 and 0.798,re-spectively,and the differences were not statistically significant(P＞0.05).Conclusion Combined with the age factor,regular monitoring of RDW-SD,RPR and RLR levels has a high predictive value for the develop-ment of PBC cirrhosis compensation stage to decompensation stage.

Objective:To evaluate the impact of lymph node dissection in radical surgery on the prognosis for patients with stage T2b gallbladder cancer.Methods:Forty-seven patients undergoing radical surgery for T2b gallbladder cancer at Renji Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine from June 2009 to May 2020 were retrospectively analyzed, including 17 males and 30 females, aged 68(58, 72) years old. According to the extent of lymph node dissection, patients were divided into the regional lymph node dissection group ( n=28) and extended lymph node dissection group ( n=19). Clinical data including the level of carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA19-9), fashions of liver parenchymal resection, and postoperative complications were recorded. Survival follow-up was conducted through telephone or outpatient review. Survival analysis was conducted using Kaplan-Meier method and compared using the log-rank test. Cox regression analysis was used to identify the risk factors of overall survival. Results:Compared to regional lymph node dissection, the extended lymph node dissection group had a longer operative time [195(167, 220) min vs. 165(152, 175) min] and a greater number of lymph nodes dissected [12(9, 14) vs. 8(7, 9)] (both P<0.05). The postoperative complication rates of the two groups were 14.3%(4/28) and 21.1%(4/19), respectively ( P=0.697). The cumulative postoperative 1-, 3-, and 5-year survival rates were 96.4%, 59.4%, and 52.8% in regional lymph node dissection group, and 84.2%, 62.7%, and 43.0% in extended lymph node dissection group, respectively, with no significant difference ( P=0.643). Multivariate Cox regression analysis indicated that CA19-9>40 IU/ml ( HR=2.98, 95% CI: 1.24-7.18, P=0.014), wedge resection of the liver ( HR=4.01, 95% CI: 1.36-11.87, P=0.011), and positive lymph node ( HR=2.99, 95% CI: 1.22-7.34, P=0.016) were independent risk factors for poor prognosis in patients with stage T2b gallbladder cancer. Conclusion:Compared with regional lymphadenectomy, extended lymphadenectomy does not improve the overall survival of patients with stage T2b gallbladder cancer.

Purpose To investigate the abnormal brain development in fetuses with isolated mild to moderate ventriculomegaly(VM)during the second and third trimesters of pregnancy by using semi-quantitative fetal total maturation score(fTMS).Materials and Methods A retrospective analysis was performed on 45 normal fetuses and 78 abnormal fetuses who underwent fetal MRI in the General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University from January 2018 to October 2022.fTMS was used to score all images.Linear regression was used to assess the relationship between fTMS and gestational age between normal and abnormal fetuses and to analyze the differences between fetuses with isolated mild and moderate VM and controls.Results In the control group,fetal fTMS was significantly positively correlated with gestational age(r=0.939,P<0.05).The linear regression equation between fTMS(Y)and gestational age(X)was as follows:Y=-28.1+1.25X.In the mild and moderate isolated VM groups,fTMS was positively correlated with gestational age(r=0.945,0.906,P<0.05).The linear regression equations of fTMS(Y)and gestational age(X)were:Y=-28.46+1.24X,Y=-25.57+1.13X.The average fTMS of healthy fetus,mild VM and moderate VM were(10.55±4.25)points,(10.13+4.08)points and(9.22±3.77)points,respectively.There was no significant difference in fTMS between the 49 fetuses with mild isolated VM and the control group(t=1.651,P>0.05).There was significant difference in fTMS between the 29 fetuses with moderate isolated VM and the control group(t=2.306,P<0.05).Conclusion fTMS is suitable for routine clinical use and sensitive to differences in brain maturation between fetuses with isolated moderate VM and healthy controls.

Objective To observe the clinical efficacy of Redo-Bentall surgery in the reoperation of aortic root lesions.Methods A retrospective analysis was performed on 46 patients who underwent Redo-Bentall surgery for aortic root lesions in our department from June 2010 to April 2022.They were 35 males and 11 females,at a mean age of 43.37±12.79 years,in 4.96±6.76 years since the last operation.General clinical data in perioperative period and during follow-up were collected and analyzed.Kaplan-Meier survival analysis was used to compare the survival rates of each etiological group.Results There were 9 cases of central end otitis,12 cases of Behset's disease,and 25 cases of other causes.After operation,4 cases(8.70％)experienced cardiac arrest,4 cases(8.70％)renal failure,2 cases(4.35％)gastrointestinal bleeding,2 cases(4.35％)new third-degree atrioventricular block and 2 cases(4.35％)permanent pacemaker placement.In perioperative period,3 cases(6.52％)died in hospital.During a mean follow-up of 5.03±3.27 years after discharge,5 cases(11.63％)were lost to follow-up,1 case died(2.33％),1 case had lacunar infarction(2.33％),and no severe bleeding or embolism complications was observed in the rest patients.The long-term survival rate was significantly lower in the endocarditis group(62.3％)and the Behcet's disease group(70％)than the other etiological groups(80％,P＜0.05).Conclusion The application of Redo-Bentall in the reoperation of aortic root lesions is safe and effective,but the survival rate is quite lower in the patients with infective endocarditis and Behcet's disease.

Objective To evaluate the effect of remimazolam for general anesthesia on cellular im-mune function and quality of postoperative recovery in patients undergoing laparoscopic radical surgery for colorectal cancer.Methods Sixty patients undergoing laparoscopic radical surgery for colorectal cancer,36 males and 24 females,aged 18-80 years,BMI 18.5-28.0 kg/m2,ASA physical status Ⅰ or Ⅱ,were en-rolled in this study.The patients were divided into remimazolam group(group R)and propofol group(group P)by using a random number,with 30 patients in each group.Induction of anesthesia was as follows:remimazolam at a dose of 0.2-0.3 mg/kg was intravenously infused(intravenous injection time>1 minute)in group R,propofol at a dose of 1.0-2.0 mg/kg was intravenously infused in group P,and sufen-tanil at a dose of 0.3-0.5 μg/kg and cisatracurium at a dose of 0.15-0.2 mg/kg were intravenously in-fused injected after the patients consciousness disappeared,that is the modified observer's assessment of alertness/sedation score of 1-2 in two groups to complete tracheal intubation.Anesthesia maintenance was as follows:remimazolam at a dose of 1.0-2.0 mg·kg-1·h-1 was intravenously infused in group R,propo-fol at a dose of 4.0-12.0 mg·kg-1·h-1 was intravenously infused in group P,remifentanil at a dose of 0.1-0.2 μg·kg-1·min-1 was intravenously infused in two groups,and intravenous cisatracurium was in-jected intermittently to maintain the BIS value at 40-60 intraoperatively.The two groups percentage of CD3+,CD4+,CD8+T lymphocytes,natural killer cell and CD4+/CD8+ratio were collected before induction of anesthesia,at immediately after the end of the surgery,and 24,72 hours after surgery.The HR,MAP,percutaneous oxygen saturation,and bispectral index were collected before induction of anesthesia,immedi-ately after endotracheal intubation,immediately after surgical incision,immediately after endotracheal extu-bation.The incidence of intraoperative adverse cardiovascular events and utilization rate of vasoactive drugs were collected.The quality of recovery-15(QoR-15)scores before induction of anesthesia,and 24,72 hours after surgery were recorded.The Riker and Ramsay scores at awakening,emergence time,tracheal ex-tubation time,duration of post-anesthesia care unit(PACU)stay,first postoperative expiration time,and postoperative length of hospital stay were recorded.And the incidence of nausea,vomiting and sleepiness in the postoperative period of 24 hours were collected.Results Compared with group P,group R had signifi-cantly higher NK,CD3+,and CD4+cells immediately after the end of the surgery and 24 hours after surgery(P<0.05),significantly faster HR and higher MAP immediately after the end of the surgery(P<0.05),significantly lower incidence of intraoperative hypotension,bradycardia and the utilization rate of vasoactive drugs(P<0.05),and significantly higher QoR-15 scores 24,72 hours after surgery(P<0.05).There were no significant differences in the Riker and Ramsay scores between the two groups.Conclusion Com-pared with propofol,general anesthesia with remimazolam has less impact on the perioperative cellular im-mune function in patients undergoing laparoscopic radical surgery for colorectal cancer,with lower incidence of intraoperative hypotension and bradycardia,and higher quality of postoperative recovery.

Peripheral nerve block is a kind of analgesia with few adverse reactions and high safety.It has been widely used in anesthesia and postoperative analgesia in various kinds of operations.The rebound pain after nerve block is gradually recognized.This article reviews the definition,mechanism of occurrence,and intervention measures of rebound pain after peripheral nerve block,aiming to enhance the clinical doctors'attention to rebound pain after peripheral nerve block,and provide reference for the comprehensive management of rebound pain after peripheral nerve block.