Phacoemulsification with intraocular lens implantation(Phaco+lOL)has become the main treatment for cataracts due to small incision and fast recovery. Phacoemulsification can damage the conjunctiva, cornea and other ocular surface tissues, causing local inflammation, which in turn leads to eye dryness and discomfort after surgery. According to studies, patients who suffer from phacoemulsification most experience dry eye syndrome within 24 h, which gradually worsens and reaches its peak in the following 1 wk, seriously affecting their quality of life. The review aims to comprehensively investigate the effects of preoperative patient physical conditions and local ocular status, intraoperative maneuvers and postoperative treatments on postoperative dry eye, with the expectation of formulating scientific and effective preventive measures for potential dry eye patients after phacoemulsification, and providing a theoretical basis for postoperative dry eye treatment.

Objective To address the bottlenecks in the application of wastewater biological treatment technology under space conditions,an experimental system for the biological treatment of space wastewater was constructed and its biochemical performance examined.The findings of this study will provide technical support for the biological treatment of space wastewater.Methods Based on the Membrane Aerated Biofilm Reactor(MABR)process,a biological treatment experimental system for space wastewater was constructed and conducted the continuous flow test for 77 days to investigate the performance of PVDF and PP membrane modules in the treatment of simulated air condensate.Results The results demonstrated that both membrane modules exhibited an average TOC removal rate of 90%,indicative of their effective organic matter removal capacity.In the air supply mode,the ammonia oxidation capacity was observed to be comparatively lower,whereas in the oxygen source without bubbling mode,the nitrogen oxidation rate and total nitrogen removal rate could be attained above 90%,indicating a notable degree of simultaneous nitrification and denitrification.The results demonstrated that the mode of gas supply had a significant impact on the nitrogen conversion performance.The abundance of nitrogen-converting bacteria in PP membrane module is higher than that in PVDF membrane module,indicating a better nitrogen-converting performance in PP membrane module.Conclusion The constructed wastewater biological treatment system is optimally suited for the treatment of air condensate,thereby offering a novel technical approach for space wastewater treatment.

The long service life and high reliability of SiC sliding bearings are crucial for the long-term normal operation of aerospace power equipment.In response to the fracture phenomenon observed in the sliding bearing assembly of a certain delivery pump during operation,this paper analyzes the issue from the perspectives of stress characteristics and thermal expansion effects,proposing a structural optimization design method based on temperature coefficient compensation.The research indicates that the primary cause of bearing fracture is the difference in thermal expansion coefficients between the bearing and the metal rotor under elevated temperatures,leading to axial loosening of the bearing.Additionally,the gap between the bearing and the pin,combined with unstable lubrication of the friction pair,exacerbates bearing stalling and pin impact,ultimately causing cracks and localized chipping.By optimizing the bearing structure and employing a rubber pad for torque transmission,this issue has been successfully resolved.The improved structure demonstrated high reliability and stability in bench tests,providing important theoretical and technical references for the design of bearings under similar extreme operating conditions.

Oxygen generation technologies with lower requirement and higher performance urgently need to be developed to meet the challenges of manned lunar landing and Mars exploration.In this paper,the mission requirements,technical characteristics,key technologies and operation status of oxygen generation assembly by water electrolysis(OGAWE)in China Space Station(CSS)are introduced.Furthermore,the latest developments about oxygen generation by electrolyzing carbon dioxide based on solid oxide electroyte is reported.The application effects and research achievements demonstrate the oxygen generation by electrolysis is one of the most suitable techniques for oxygen regeneration in manned space mission.In addition,the oxygen generation by novel electrolysis technology provides feasible approach for improving the performance of oxygen regeneration and producing oxygen by in-situ utilization of extraterrestrial resource.These development experiments of OGAWE in CSS and research results of novel electrolysis provide valuable references for the technical progress of oxygen generation by electrolysis for manned spaceflight.

Objective To analyze the evaluation value of the standard deviation of erythrocyte volume distribution width(RDW-SD),erythrocyte volume distribution width standard deviation and platelet ratio(RPR)and erythrocyte volume distribution width standard deviation and lymphocyte ratio(RLR)in the de-compensation stage of cirrhosis in primary biliary cholangitis(PBC).Methods The blood routine indexes of 68 patients with PBC admitted and treated in this hospital from January 2019 to June 2021 were retrospective-ly analyzed and divided into the compensation stage(n=36)and decompensation stage(n=32)according to the diagnostic standard.2 mL venous blood was extracted from the patient on an empty stomach in the early morning.The red blood cell(RBC),mean corpuscular volume(MCV),hemoglobin(Hb),hematocrit(HCT),mean erythrocyte hemoglobin content(MCHC),RDW-SD,white blood cell(WBC),neutrophil absolute value(N#),lymphocyte absolute value(L#),platelet count(PLT),mean platelet volume(MPV),platelet volume distribution width(PDW),etc.were detected.The platelet to lymphocyte ratio(PLR),RPR and RLR were calculated.The influencing factors of decompensation stage of PBC cirrhosis were analyzed by binary logistic regression,and the receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve was used to analyze the diagnostic values of different indicators in the decompensation stage of PBC cirrhosis.Results There were statistically significant differences in age,RBC,Hb,HCT,RDW-SD,L #,PLT,RPR and RLR between the compensation group and decompensation group in PBC cirrhosis(P＜0.05).The binary logistic regression analysis showed that the age[odds ratios(OR)=1.087,95％confidence intervals(CI):1.015-1.165,P＜0.05],RDW-SD(OR=1.144,95％CI:1.030-1.270,P＜0.05)and RLR(OR=1.041,95％CI:1.007-1.075,P＜0.05)were the independent risk factors for progressing to the decompensation stage in the patients with PBC cirrhosis com-pensation stage.The ROC curve analysis showed that the areas under ROC curve(AUC)of RDW-SD,RPR and RLR for the diagnosis alone of decompensation stage of PBC cirrhosis were 0.726,0.778 and 0.798,re-spectively,and the differences were not statistically significant(P＞0.05).Conclusion Combined with the age factor,regular monitoring of RDW-SD,RPR and RLR levels has a high predictive value for the develop-ment of PBC cirrhosis compensation stage to decompensation stage.

Background::Biliary tract carcinoma (BTC) is relatively rare and comprises a spectrum of invasive tumors arising from the biliary tree. The prognosis is extremely poor. The incidence of BTC is relatively high in Asian countries, and a high number of cases are diagnosed annually in China owing to the large population. Therefore, it is necessary to clarify the epidemiology and high-risk factors for BTC in China. The signs associated with BTC are complex, often require collaborative treatment from surgeons, endoscopists, oncologists, and radiation therapists. Thus, it is necessary to develop a comprehensive Chinese guideline for BTC.Methods::This clinical practice guideline (CPG) was developed following the process recommended by the World Health Organization. The Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation approach was used to assess the certainty of evidence and make recommendations. The full CPG report was reviewed by external guideline methodologists and clinicians with no direct involvement in the development of this CPG. Two guideline reporting checklists have been adhered to: Appraisal of Guidelines for Research and Evaluation (AGREE) and Reporting Items for practice Guidelines in Healthcare (RIGHT).Results::The guideline development group, which comprised 85 multidisciplinary clinical experts across China. After a controversies conference, 17 clinical questions concerning the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of BTC were proposed. Additionally, detailed descriptions of the surgical principles, perioperative management, chemotherapy, immunotherapy, targeted therapy, radiotherapy, and endoscopic management were proposed.Conclusions::The guideline development group created a comprehensive Chinese guideline for the diagnosis and treatment of BTC, covering various aspects of epidemiology, diagnosis, and treatment. The 17 clinical questions have important reference value for the management of BTC.

Objective To observe the clinical efficacy of Redo-Bentall surgery in the reoperation of aortic root lesions.Methods A retrospective analysis was performed on 46 patients who underwent Redo-Bentall surgery for aortic root lesions in our department from June 2010 to April 2022.They were 35 males and 11 females,at a mean age of 43.37±12.79 years,in 4.96±6.76 years since the last operation.General clinical data in perioperative period and during follow-up were collected and analyzed.Kaplan-Meier survival analysis was used to compare the survival rates of each etiological group.Results There were 9 cases of central end otitis,12 cases of Behset's disease,and 25 cases of other causes.After operation,4 cases(8.70％)experienced cardiac arrest,4 cases(8.70％)renal failure,2 cases(4.35％)gastrointestinal bleeding,2 cases(4.35％)new third-degree atrioventricular block and 2 cases(4.35％)permanent pacemaker placement.In perioperative period,3 cases(6.52％)died in hospital.During a mean follow-up of 5.03±3.27 years after discharge,5 cases(11.63％)were lost to follow-up,1 case died(2.33％),1 case had lacunar infarction(2.33％),and no severe bleeding or embolism complications was observed in the rest patients.The long-term survival rate was significantly lower in the endocarditis group(62.3％)and the Behcet's disease group(70％)than the other etiological groups(80％,P＜0.05).Conclusion The application of Redo-Bentall in the reoperation of aortic root lesions is safe and effective,but the survival rate is quite lower in the patients with infective endocarditis and Behcet's disease.

AIM:To evaluate the effect of astaxanthin(AST)on cognitive function of intestinal ischemia/re-perfusion(I/R)injury in rats and the role of autophagy.METHODS:Eight-week-old SPF-grade male Sprague-Dawley(SD)rats were randomly divided into sham group,I/R group,AST group and AST+3-methyladenine(3-MA)group,with 12 animals in each group.The superior mesenteric artery(SMA)of the rats in sham group was only exposed without clamping.The SMA in other 3 groups was clamped for 90 min,and then the arterial clamp was released to restore blood supply and perform reperfusion,thus establishing the intestinal I/R model.The rats in AST group were intraperitoneally in-jected with AST(45 mg·kg-1·d-1)3 d before modeling,and those in AST+3-MA group were intraperitoneally injected with AST(45 mg·kg-1·d-1)+3-MA(1.5 mg·kg-1·d-1)3 d before modeling.Morris water maze was used to evaluate the cogni-tive function of rats 48 h after surgery.Hematoxylin-eosin(HE)staining was used to evaluate intestinal tissue damage.Nissl staining of the frontal cortex was used to evaluate neuronal damage.The levels of interleukin-6(IL-6),IL-1β and tu-mor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α)in the frontal cortex and hippocampus were measured by ELISA kits.The protein levels of beclin-1,microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3(LC3)and P62 in the frontal cortex and hippocampus were detected by Western blot.RESULTS:Compared with sham group,the swimming distance of rats in I/R group was increased,with prolonged latency,elevated Chiu's score and decreased number of neurons(P<0.01),while the levels of IL-6,IL-1β and TNF-α in the frontal cortex and hippocampus were increased(P<0.01).Beclin-1 expression and LC3-II/LC3-I ratio in the frontal cortex and hippocampus were increased(P<0.05 or P<0.01).Compared with I/R group,the swimming distance and latency of rats in AST group were shortened,with decreased Chiu's score,increased neuronal number(P<0.01),de-creased IL-6,IL-1β and TNF-α levels in the frontal cortex and hippocampus(P<0.01),and increased beclin-1 expres-sion and decreased of P62 expression in the frontal cortex and hippocampus(P<0.05 or P<0.01).Compared with AST group,the swimming distance of rats in AST+3-MA group was increased,with prolonged latency,elevated Chiu's score,decreased number of neurons(P<0.05),increased levels of IL-6,IL-1β and TNF-α in the frontal cortex and hippocam-pus,and decreased beclin-1 expression and LC3-II/LC3-I ratio and increased P62 expression in the frontal cortex and hip-pocampus(P<0.01).CONCLUSION:Astaxanthin alleviates intestinal I/R-induced cognitive impairment in rats by pro-moting autophagy and inhibiting neuroinflammation.

AIM:To investigate the possible mech-anisms by observing the effects of sodium butyrate on the blood-brain barrier and cognitive function after intestinal ischemia/reperfusion in rats.METH-ODS:SD rats were randomly divided into 4 groups of 12 rats each,(1)sham-operated group(the Sham group);(2)intestinal ischemia/reperfusion group(the Ⅱ/R group);(3)intestinal ischemia/re-perfusion+sodium butyrate group(the NaB group):gavage of NaB 500 mg·kg-1·d-1 for 1 week before modeling;(4)intestinal ischemia/reperfusion+sodi-um butyrate+ITSA-1 group(the ITSA-1 group):NaB 500 mg·kg-1·d-1 gavage 1 week before modeling+IT-SA-1 0.5 mg/kg intraperitoneal injection in the first 5 d,3 d and 1 d.Intestinal mucosal injury was eval-uated by HE staining.Morris water maze test evalu-ated the cognitive function of rats.The microstruc-ture of the blood-brain barrier was observed by transmission electron microscope.The levels of in-flammatory cytokines IL-1β,IL-6,TNF-α,Claudin5,ZO-1,and MMP-9 in brain tissue were detected by ELISA.Western blotting detected Claudin5,ZO-1,CypA,and MMP-9 levels.RESULTS:Compared with the Sham group,Chiu's score in the Ⅱ/R group was increased(P<0.001).The swimming distance was increased(P<0.05),the proportion of the non-plat-form quadrant was increased(P<0.001),and the in-cubation period was prolonged(P<0.05).The micro-structure of the blood-brain barrier was changed under the transmission electron microscope.The inflammatory cytokines IL-1β,IL-6,and TNF-α were increased(P<0.001),the expressions of CypA and MMP-9 were increased(P<0.01),and the expres-sions of Claudin5 and ZO-1 were decreased(P<0.01,P<0.001).Compared with the Ⅱ/R group,neu-roinflammation,and blood-brain barrier damage were reduced,and cognitive function was im-proved in the Ⅱ/R+NaB group.The above injuries in group Ⅱ/R+NaB+ITSA-1 were similar to those in group Ⅱ/R.CONCLUSION:Sodium butyrate can ameliorate Ⅱ/R-induced neurocognitive dysfunction in rats by alleviating blood-brain barrier damage,possibly related to inhibiting the CypA/MMP-9 pathway.

Objective To evaluate the effect of remimazolam for general anesthesia on cellular im-mune function and quality of postoperative recovery in patients undergoing laparoscopic radical surgery for colorectal cancer.Methods Sixty patients undergoing laparoscopic radical surgery for colorectal cancer,36 males and 24 females,aged 18-80 years,BMI 18.5-28.0 kg/m2,ASA physical status Ⅰ or Ⅱ,were en-rolled in this study.The patients were divided into remimazolam group(group R)and propofol group(group P)by using a random number,with 30 patients in each group.Induction of anesthesia was as follows:remimazolam at a dose of 0.2-0.3 mg/kg was intravenously infused(intravenous injection time>1 minute)in group R,propofol at a dose of 1.0-2.0 mg/kg was intravenously infused in group P,and sufen-tanil at a dose of 0.3-0.5 μg/kg and cisatracurium at a dose of 0.15-0.2 mg/kg were intravenously in-fused injected after the patients consciousness disappeared,that is the modified observer's assessment of alertness/sedation score of 1-2 in two groups to complete tracheal intubation.Anesthesia maintenance was as follows:remimazolam at a dose of 1.0-2.0 mg·kg-1·h-1 was intravenously infused in group R,propo-fol at a dose of 4.0-12.0 mg·kg-1·h-1 was intravenously infused in group P,remifentanil at a dose of 0.1-0.2 μg·kg-1·min-1 was intravenously infused in two groups,and intravenous cisatracurium was in-jected intermittently to maintain the BIS value at 40-60 intraoperatively.The two groups percentage of CD3+,CD4+,CD8+T lymphocytes,natural killer cell and CD4+/CD8+ratio were collected before induction of anesthesia,at immediately after the end of the surgery,and 24,72 hours after surgery.The HR,MAP,percutaneous oxygen saturation,and bispectral index were collected before induction of anesthesia,immedi-ately after endotracheal intubation,immediately after surgical incision,immediately after endotracheal extu-bation.The incidence of intraoperative adverse cardiovascular events and utilization rate of vasoactive drugs were collected.The quality of recovery-15(QoR-15)scores before induction of anesthesia,and 24,72 hours after surgery were recorded.The Riker and Ramsay scores at awakening,emergence time,tracheal ex-tubation time,duration of post-anesthesia care unit(PACU)stay,first postoperative expiration time,and postoperative length of hospital stay were recorded.And the incidence of nausea,vomiting and sleepiness in the postoperative period of 24 hours were collected.Results Compared with group P,group R had signifi-cantly higher NK,CD3+,and CD4+cells immediately after the end of the surgery and 24 hours after surgery(P<0.05),significantly faster HR and higher MAP immediately after the end of the surgery(P<0.05),significantly lower incidence of intraoperative hypotension,bradycardia and the utilization rate of vasoactive drugs(P<0.05),and significantly higher QoR-15 scores 24,72 hours after surgery(P<0.05).There were no significant differences in the Riker and Ramsay scores between the two groups.Conclusion Com-pared with propofol,general anesthesia with remimazolam has less impact on the perioperative cellular im-mune function in patients undergoing laparoscopic radical surgery for colorectal cancer,with lower incidence of intraoperative hypotension and bradycardia,and higher quality of postoperative recovery.