Phacoemulsification with intraocular lens implantation(Phaco+lOL)has become the main treatment for cataracts due to small incision and fast recovery. Phacoemulsification can damage the conjunctiva, cornea and other ocular surface tissues, causing local inflammation, which in turn leads to eye dryness and discomfort after surgery. According to studies, patients who suffer from phacoemulsification most experience dry eye syndrome within 24 h, which gradually worsens and reaches its peak in the following 1 wk, seriously affecting their quality of life. The review aims to comprehensively investigate the effects of preoperative patient physical conditions and local ocular status, intraoperative maneuvers and postoperative treatments on postoperative dry eye, with the expectation of formulating scientific and effective preventive measures for potential dry eye patients after phacoemulsification, and providing a theoretical basis for postoperative dry eye treatment.

Objective To summarize the pathogen distribution and antibiotic resistance characteristics of 69 cases of necrotizing fasciitis(NF),providing evidence to support early clinical antimicrobial therapy.Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on microbial culture and antibiotic susceptibility test results from 69 NF cases treated in the Department of Trauma Repair and Burn Plastic Surgery,Liuzhou Workers'Hospital from January 2017 to December 2023.Results A total of 77 bacterial strains were cultured,including 24 Gram-positive bacteria,48 Gram-negative bacteria,and 5 fungi.Monomicrobial infection was predominant,accounting for 66.07％of the cases.Among the Gram-positive bacteria,Staphylococcus aureus was the most common,separated out 10 strains(12.99％),followed by Streptococcus pyogenes in 5 strains(6.49％).Among the Gram-negative bacteria,Klebsiella pneumoniae(13 strains,16.88％)and Escherichia coli(10 strains,12.99％)were most frequently identified.A total of 18 multidrug-resistant strains were found,representing 23.38％of all isolates.Gram-positive bacteria were most sensitive to vancomycin,linezolid,and tigecycline,while Gram-negative bacteria showed the greatest sensitivity to meropenem,cefoperazone,and ertapenem.Conclusion In the study area,Klebsiella pneumoniae is the most common pathogen causing NF.The initial antimicrobial regimen should include vancomycin combined with meropenem,which may significantly enhance the effectiveness of infection control.

Oxygen generation technologies with lower requirement and higher performance urgently need to be developed to meet the challenges of manned lunar landing and Mars exploration.In this paper,the mission requirements,technical characteristics,key technologies and operation status of oxygen generation assembly by water electrolysis(OGAWE)in China Space Station(CSS)are introduced.Furthermore,the latest developments about oxygen generation by electrolyzing carbon dioxide based on solid oxide electroyte is reported.The application effects and research achievements demonstrate the oxygen generation by electrolysis is one of the most suitable techniques for oxygen regeneration in manned space mission.In addition,the oxygen generation by novel electrolysis technology provides feasible approach for improving the performance of oxygen regeneration and producing oxygen by in-situ utilization of extraterrestrial resource.These development experiments of OGAWE in CSS and research results of novel electrolysis provide valuable references for the technical progress of oxygen generation by electrolysis for manned spaceflight.

Objective To summarize the pathogen distribution and antibiotic resistance characteristics of 69 cases of necrotizing fasciitis(NF),providing evidence to support early clinical antimicrobial therapy.Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on microbial culture and antibiotic susceptibility test results from 69 NF cases treated in the Department of Trauma Repair and Burn Plastic Surgery,Liuzhou Workers'Hospital from January 2017 to December 2023.Results A total of 77 bacterial strains were cultured,including 24 Gram-positive bacteria,48 Gram-negative bacteria,and 5 fungi.Monomicrobial infection was predominant,accounting for 66.07％of the cases.Among the Gram-positive bacteria,Staphylococcus aureus was the most common,separated out 10 strains(12.99％),followed by Streptococcus pyogenes in 5 strains(6.49％).Among the Gram-negative bacteria,Klebsiella pneumoniae(13 strains,16.88％)and Escherichia coli(10 strains,12.99％)were most frequently identified.A total of 18 multidrug-resistant strains were found,representing 23.38％of all isolates.Gram-positive bacteria were most sensitive to vancomycin,linezolid,and tigecycline,while Gram-negative bacteria showed the greatest sensitivity to meropenem,cefoperazone,and ertapenem.Conclusion In the study area,Klebsiella pneumoniae is the most common pathogen causing NF.The initial antimicrobial regimen should include vancomycin combined with meropenem,which may significantly enhance the effectiveness of infection control.

Intratumoral bacteria are a group of bacteria that exist within tumors and make up the tumor microenvironment. They play a significant role in tumorigenesis and progression, as well as in influencing the response of tumors to chemotherapy and immunotherapy through various mechanisms. This article primarily discusses the sources and mechanisms of action of intratumoral bacteria, with a specific focus on their composition and functions in the digestive system. Further-more, it explores the potential application of intratumoral bacteria in anti-tumor therapy, aiming to provide valuable references for future clinical use.

Objective To analyze the evaluation value of the standard deviation of erythrocyte volume distribution width(RDW-SD),erythrocyte volume distribution width standard deviation and platelet ratio(RPR)and erythrocyte volume distribution width standard deviation and lymphocyte ratio(RLR)in the de-compensation stage of cirrhosis in primary biliary cholangitis(PBC).Methods The blood routine indexes of 68 patients with PBC admitted and treated in this hospital from January 2019 to June 2021 were retrospective-ly analyzed and divided into the compensation stage(n=36)and decompensation stage(n=32)according to the diagnostic standard.2 mL venous blood was extracted from the patient on an empty stomach in the early morning.The red blood cell(RBC),mean corpuscular volume(MCV),hemoglobin(Hb),hematocrit(HCT),mean erythrocyte hemoglobin content(MCHC),RDW-SD,white blood cell(WBC),neutrophil absolute value(N#),lymphocyte absolute value(L#),platelet count(PLT),mean platelet volume(MPV),platelet volume distribution width(PDW),etc.were detected.The platelet to lymphocyte ratio(PLR),RPR and RLR were calculated.The influencing factors of decompensation stage of PBC cirrhosis were analyzed by binary logistic regression,and the receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve was used to analyze the diagnostic values of different indicators in the decompensation stage of PBC cirrhosis.Results There were statistically significant differences in age,RBC,Hb,HCT,RDW-SD,L #,PLT,RPR and RLR between the compensation group and decompensation group in PBC cirrhosis(P＜0.05).The binary logistic regression analysis showed that the age[odds ratios(OR)=1.087,95％confidence intervals(CI):1.015-1.165,P＜0.05],RDW-SD(OR=1.144,95％CI:1.030-1.270,P＜0.05)and RLR(OR=1.041,95％CI:1.007-1.075,P＜0.05)were the independent risk factors for progressing to the decompensation stage in the patients with PBC cirrhosis com-pensation stage.The ROC curve analysis showed that the areas under ROC curve(AUC)of RDW-SD,RPR and RLR for the diagnosis alone of decompensation stage of PBC cirrhosis were 0.726,0.778 and 0.798,re-spectively,and the differences were not statistically significant(P＞0.05).Conclusion Combined with the age factor,regular monitoring of RDW-SD,RPR and RLR levels has a high predictive value for the develop-ment of PBC cirrhosis compensation stage to decompensation stage.

Objective:To construct a targeted and accurate evaluation system for facial and cervical wounds and scars of burn patients.Methods:The method combining literature analysis and survey research was adopted, and the basic principles of item system construction were followed. From June to August 2020, based on the aesthetic standards of facial and cervical plastic surgery, the topographic map assessment system for facial and cervical wounds and scars of burn patients was preliminarily formed, focusing on the assessment of wounds and scars in the necks and faces of patients after burns. In September 2020, 38 experts in the relevant fields were consulted in advance and the questionnaire was revised according to the experts' opinions. From December 2020 to March 2021, the Delphi method was applied to conduct inquiry by correspondence with 35 experts in relevant fields from Guangzhou, Shenzhen, Shanghai, Beijing, and other cities, who met the inclusion criteria, and the items were screened and established. The effective recovery rate of inquiry questionnaire was calculated to determine the level of enthusiasm of experts, the average authority coefficient of all items was calculated to determine the level of expert authority, the average importance expert score, the average coefficient of variation, and the average full score rate of all the third-level items were calculated to determine the concentration of expert opinions, the average coefficients of variation and Kendall's harmony coefficients of the importance, sensitivity, and operability expert scores of all the third-level items were calculated to determine the degree of coordination of expert opinions. The Kendall's harmony coefficients for the importance, sensitivity, and operability expert scores of all the third-level items were statistically analyzed with chi-square test.Results:Among the 35 experts consulted by Delphi method, mainly were male, aged (48±10) years, with 8-38 years of working experience, mainly with associate senior titles and above, all with a bachelor's degree or above education background, and of whom 11 were burn experts, 7 were wound repair experts, 4 were plastic surgery experts, and 13 were rehabilitation medicine experts. Finally, a topographic map assessment system for facial and cervical wounds and scars of burn patients was formed, including 4 first-level items, 21 second-level items, 40 third-level items, and 1 mask. The effective recovery rate of inquiry questionnaire was 100% (35/35). The average authority coefficient of all items was 0.89. The average importance expert score was 4.67, the average coefficient of variation of importance expert score was 0.01, and the average full score rate of all the third-level items was 86.3%. The average coefficients of variation of the importance, sensitivity, and operability expert scores of all the third-level items were 0.01, 0.01, and 0.02, respectively. The Kendall's harmony coefficients for the importance, sensitivity, and operability expert scores of all the third-level items were statistically significant (with χ2 values of 1 201.53, 745.67, and 707.07, respectively , P<0.05). Conclusions:The established topographic map assessment system for facial and cervical wounds and scars of burn patients has high scientificity and reliability, which can be used for the evaluation of facial and neck wounds or scars in burn patients.

Humans ; Adult ; Serum Albumin, Human ; Consensus ; Cardiac Surgical Procedures ; Thoracic Surgery

Objective:To investigate the mechanism of neurofibromin 1 (NF1) in gallbla-dder cancer.Methods:The experimental study was conducted. Human gallbladder cancer cell lines, including GBC-SD, NOZ, SGC996, EH-GB1, ZJU0428, human embryonic kidneys cell line 293T and human cervical cancer cell line HELA, were cultured. The recombinant plasmids (mRFP-YAP1 FL-FLAG and eGFP-MYC-NF1 2650?2750-HA) were constructed for co-immunoprecipitation experiment. The truncated Yes associated protein 1(YAP1) and NF1 recombinant proteins were purified in vitro. The interaction between NF1 and YAP1 in vitro or in vivo were verified by isothermal titration calori-metry (ITC) assay, GST pull-down experiment, co-immunoprecipitation, immunofluorescence, laser confocal microscopy, and the expression of NF1 protein in different gallbladder cancer cell lines was verified by Western blot experiments. Observation indicators: (1) interaction between NF1 and YAP1 in vitro; (2) interaction between NF1 and YAP1 in cells; (3) expression of NF1 protein in different human gallbladder cancer cell lines. The dissociation constants were exported from ITC 200 software and represented as Mean± SD. Count data were represented as absolute numbers. Results:(1) Interaction between NF1 and YAP1 in vitro. ① Results of ITC assay showed that there was interac-tion between PPQY and YAP1-WW1, between PPQY and YAP1 (Amino acid residues 162?275), and the dissociation constants between PPQY and YAP1-WW1, between PPQY and YAP1(Amino acid residues 162?275) were (0.42±0.06)mmol/L, (0.69±0.14)mmol/L, respectively. ② GST pull-down results indicated that the target protein His-Sumo-YAP1 WW1 was obviouly observed in protein lane of reaction system between GST-PPQY recombinant protein and His-Sumo-YAP1 WW1, relative to the reaction system between GST protein and His-Sumo-YAP1 WW1. The target protein His-Sumo-YAP1 WW2 was obviouly observed in protein lane of reaction system between GST-PPQY recombinant protein and His-Sumo-YAP1 WW2, relative to the reaction system between GST protein and His-Sumo-YAP1 WW2. (2) Interaction between NF1 and YAP1 in cells. ① Co-immunoprecipitation results indica-ted that NF1 protein was observed in cell lysis solution which was incubated by FLAG gel beads and cotransfected with mRFP-YAP1 FL-FLAG and eGFP-MYC-NF1 2650?2750-HA. ② Immuno-fluorescence and laser confocal microscopy results indicated that YAP1 and NF1 with obvious fluorescence were co-localized in the cytoplasm of human gallbladder cancer NOZ cells. However, YAP1 with obvious fluorescence was localized in the nucleus of human gallbladder SGC996 cells and NF1 showed weak fluorescence. (3) Expression of NF1 protein in different human gallbladder cancer cell lines. Western blot results showed that with the expression level of NF1 protein in HELA cell line as the standard, the relative expression levels of NF1 protein in EH-GB1, GBC-SD, NOZ, SGC996, ZJU0428 cell lines were 1.28, 0, 1.01, 0, 0, respectively. Conclusion:NF1 affects the gallbladder cancer by directly acting on YAP1 protein.

Objective:To establish donor liver quality related risk factors for the loss of function of transplanted liver.Methods:The data of donors and recipients of liver transplantation at the Organ Donation and Transplantation Center of the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University from Nov 2011 to Dec 2018 were analyzed retrospectively. Propensity score matching (PSM) was performed to evaluate and screen the data of donors and recipients, in order to balance the covariates.Results:Of the organ donation, there were 70 males and 20 females , aging (40.6±16.3) years. Of the liver transplantation recipients, there were 70 males and 20 females , aging (41.8±20.3) years. Liver dysfunction after transplantation was significantly correlated with the following variables: the donor's CPR time( t=0.429, P=0.000), 15-minute retention rate of indocyanine green ( χ2=67.151, P=0.000), liver function grading ( χ2=54.154, P=0.000), bullae fatty liver grading ( χ2=8.120, P=0.017), vesicular fatty liver grading ( χ2=16.000, P=0.001), ICU stay time ( χ2=14.900, P=0.001)and serum creatinine level ( χ2=44.685, P=0.000). The donor scoring system was established in our studying. For the 90 organ donation cases, the donated liver quality were classified into four levels,which were of good correspondence to the prognosis of the recipients. Conclusion:This donor scoring system and grading standards established by analyzing the high-risk factors of liver dysfunction after transplantation helps evaluate the quality of donor liver in China.