Objective To explore the mechanism by which gentiopicroside (GPS) prevents macrophage-mediated hepatic fibrosis by regulating the macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF)-secreted phosphoprotein 1 (SPP1) signaling pathway in hepatic stellate cells. Methods LX-2 cells were divided into control group, transforming growth factor β(TGF-β) group, and TGF-β combined with GPS (25, 50, 100, 150 μmol/mL) groups. Cell proliferation was detected by EDU assay, cell invasion was assessed by Transwell^TM assay, and the protein expressions of α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and type I collagen (COL1A1) were measured by Western blot. M1-type macrophage-conditioned medium (M1-CM) was used to treat LX-2 cells in the TGF-β group and TGF-β combined with GPS group. The concentrations of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and arginase 1 (Arg1) in the cell supernatant, as well as cell proliferation, invasion ability, and the expressions of α-SMA and COL1A1 were detected. Bioinformatics analysis was performed to identify the target intersections of GPS, hepatic fibrosis, and macrophage-related genes. Drug affinity responsive target stability (DARTS) experiments and Western blot were used to verify the regulatory effect of GPS on MIF. Furthermore, LX-2 cells were divided into control group, TGF-β group, TGF-β combined with M2-CM group, TGF-β and oe-NC combined with M2-CM group, and TGF-β and oe-MIF combined with M2-CM group to analyze the concentrations of iNOS and Arg1 in the cell supernatant, as well as changes in cell proliferation, invasion, and the expressions of α-SMA and COL1A1. LX-2 cells were also divided into control group, TGF-β group, TGF-β combined with oe-NC group, TGF-β combined with oe-MIF group, and TGF-β and oe-MIF combined with GPS group to determine the protein expressions of MIF and SPP1 by Western blot. A rat model of hepatic fibrosis was constructed to explore the potential therapeutic effects of GPS on hepatic fibrosis in vivo. Results Compared with the control group, the proliferation and invasion abilities of LX-2 cells in the TGF-β group were increased, and the protein expressions of α-SMA and COL1A1 were enhanced. GPS intervention inhibited the proliferation and invasion of LX-2 cells under TGF-β conditions and reduced the expressions of α-SMA and COL1A1. Compared with the control group, the concentration of iNOS in the cell supernatant of the TGF-β group was upregulated, while the concentration of Arg1 was decreased. M1-CM treatment further increased the concentration of iNOS, decreased the concentration of Arg1, and promoted cell proliferation and invasion, as well as upregulated the expressions of α-SMA and COL1A1 on the basis of TGF-β intervention. However, GPS could reverse the effects of M1-CM intervention. Bioinformatics analysis revealed that MIF was one of the target intersections of GPS, hepatic fibrosis, and macrophage-related genes, and GPS could target and inhibit its expression. Compared with the TGF-β group, after M2-CM intervention, the concentration of iNOS in the cell supernatant decreased, the concentration of Arg1 increased, the proliferation and invasion abilities of LX-2 cells were reduced, and the expressions of α-SMA and COL1A1 were weakened. However, overexpression of MIF reversed the effects of M2-CM intervention. Western blot results showed that compared with the control group, the protein expressions of MIF and SPP1 were enhanced in the TGF-β group. Overexpression of MIF further enhanced the expressions of MIF and SPP1, while GPS intervention inhibited the expressions of MIF and SPP1. In the animal experiment, GPS intervention treatment alleviated liver injury in rats with hepatic fibrosis and inhibited the expressions of MIF and SPP1, as well as α-SMA and COL1A1 in liver tissue. Conclusion GPS may prevent macrophage-mediated hepatic fibrosis by inhibiting the MIF-SPP1 signaling pathway in hepatic stellate cells.
Hepatic Stellate Cells/metabolism* ; Signal Transduction/drug effects* ; Macrophage Migration-Inhibitory Factors/genetics* ; Liver Cirrhosis/prevention & control* ; Macrophages/drug effects* ; Iridoid Glucosides/pharmacology* ; Humans ; Cell Proliferation/drug effects* ; Animals ; Cell Line ; Collagen Type I/metabolism* ; Collagen Type I, alpha 1 Chain ; Intramolecular Oxidoreductases/genetics* ; Rats ; Transforming Growth Factor beta/pharmacology* ; Actins/metabolism*

Peripheral nerve block is a kind of analgesia with few adverse reactions and high safety.It has been widely used in anesthesia and postoperative analgesia in various kinds of operations.The rebound pain after nerve block is gradually recognized.This article reviews the definition,mechanism of occurrence,and intervention measures of rebound pain after peripheral nerve block,aiming to enhance the clinical doctors'attention to rebound pain after peripheral nerve block,and provide reference for the comprehensive management of rebound pain after peripheral nerve block.

Purpose To investigate the abnormal brain development in fetuses with isolated mild to moderate ventriculomegaly(VM)during the second and third trimesters of pregnancy by using semi-quantitative fetal total maturation score(fTMS).Materials and Methods A retrospective analysis was performed on 45 normal fetuses and 78 abnormal fetuses who underwent fetal MRI in the General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University from January 2018 to October 2022.fTMS was used to score all images.Linear regression was used to assess the relationship between fTMS and gestational age between normal and abnormal fetuses and to analyze the differences between fetuses with isolated mild and moderate VM and controls.Results In the control group,fetal fTMS was significantly positively correlated with gestational age(r=0.939,P<0.05).The linear regression equation between fTMS(Y)and gestational age(X)was as follows:Y=-28.1+1.25X.In the mild and moderate isolated VM groups,fTMS was positively correlated with gestational age(r=0.945,0.906,P<0.05).The linear regression equations of fTMS(Y)and gestational age(X)were:Y=-28.46+1.24X,Y=-25.57+1.13X.The average fTMS of healthy fetus,mild VM and moderate VM were(10.55±4.25)points,(10.13+4.08)points and(9.22±3.77)points,respectively.There was no significant difference in fTMS between the 49 fetuses with mild isolated VM and the control group(t=1.651,P>0.05).There was significant difference in fTMS between the 29 fetuses with moderate isolated VM and the control group(t=2.306,P<0.05).Conclusion fTMS is suitable for routine clinical use and sensitive to differences in brain maturation between fetuses with isolated moderate VM and healthy controls.

Hundred years of development of surgery have laid the foundation and principles of modern surgery.As a result,surgical oncology has also been rapidly developing and updating,and the surgical principles and techniques have become increasingly mature.The quality of surgical oncology is closely related to the prognosis of patients,and the effectiveness of surgical oncology can be improved through accurate preoperative resectability assessment,neoadjuvant therapy,standardized tumor R0 resection and multidisciplinary team(MDT).Through meticulous preoperative preparation,precise intraoperative operation,excellent postoperative management,and orderly development of new surgical technologies,we are able to enhance the safety of surgical oncology.

Objective To investigate the current status of knowledge-attitude-practice of cardiac rehabilitation in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting(CABG) and analyze its influencing factors. Methods From July to November 2022, 288 patients with CABG in the coronary heart disease surgery center of Beijing Anzhen Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University were conveniently included, and general information questionnaire and cardiac rehabilitation knowledge and practice questionnaire were used to investigate the general situation and the level of knowledge-attitude-practice of cardiac rehabilitation in patients with coronary heart disease. Results A total of 290 questionnaires were sent out in this study, and 288 were effectively collected, with an effective recovery rate of 99.31%. The total score of the questionnaire was (106.81±13.35), and the total score rate was 62.83%, including the knowledge questionnaire scoring (39.34±9.13), belief questionnaire scoring (32.86±3.39) and behavior questionnaire scoring (34.61±3.54). The scoring rates of knowledge, attitude and practice questionnaire were 46.28%, 82.15% and 76.91%, respectively. Multiple linearregression analysis showed that patients who lived in rural areas, had education background of primary school or below, were farmers, had public health insurance, and had no previous coronary intervention, had lower levels of knowledge-attitude-practice of cardiac rehabilitation (P < 0.05). Conclusion The knowledge-attitude-practice of cardiac rehabilitation, especially the level of knowledge, in patients with CABG is needed to be improved. The factors that affect the level of knowledge-attitude-practice of cardiac rehabilitation in this population are diversified, suggesting that individual cardiac rehabilitation guidance should be implemented according to different people and local conditions, and diversified cardiac rehabilitation models should be established to improve the long-term and compliance of cardiac rehabilitation.

Objective To investigate the efficacy and safety of Xihuang capsules as an adjuvant treatment for metastatic colorectal cancer and their impact on immune function. Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on clinical data from 112 patients diagnosed with metastatic colorectal cancer. The patients were categorized into two groups: a control group (n=56) that did not take Xihuang capsules and an observation group (n=56) that did. The efficacy, improvement of quality of life, toxic and side effects and immune function of the two groups were analyzed and compared. Results After treatment, the disease control rate (DCR) and the rate of improvement in quality of life were significantly higher in the observation group compared to the control group. Additionally, levels of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and the incidence of adverse reactions, including bone marrow suppression and liver and kidney function damage, were significantly lower in the observation group. Furthermore, the percentages of CD4⁺ and CD8⁺ T cells, the CD8⁺/CD4⁺ T cells ratio, as well as serum levels of high mobility group box-1 (HMGB1) and interleukin 2 (IL-2) in observation group were significantly elevated compared to pre-treatment levels. Subgroup analysis revealed that patients with a Karnofsky Performance Status (KPS) score ≤80, a high CD8⁺/CD4⁺ T cells ratio, and elevated HMGB1 levels experienced a significantly higher objective response rate (ORR) in the observation group. Conversely, patients with stage IVB disease, who had KPS score ≤80, a low CD8⁺/CD4⁺ T cells ratio and high CEA and IL-2 levels demonstrated a more pronounced DCR in the observation group. Conclusion Xihuang capsules exhibit promising clinical efficacy as an adjuvant treatment for advanced colorectal cancer. They not only enhance patients' quality of life and reduce the toxic and adverse effects of chemotherapy, but also improve immune function. These benefits are particularly significant in patients with a high tumor burden, indicating that Xihuang capsules are worthy of clinical application.
Humans ; Colorectal Neoplasms/immunology* ; Male ; Female ; Middle Aged ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/adverse effects* ; Capsules ; Aged ; Carcinoembryonic Antigen/blood* ; Retrospective Studies ; Quality of Life ; Adult ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Interleukin-2/blood* ; HMGB1 Protein/blood* ; Chemotherapy, Adjuvant

Objective:To describe the long-term characteristics and trend changes in the incidence and mortality of female breast cancer in Shanghai from 1 973 to 2017,aiming to provide references for exploring the etiology of breast cancer and formulating strategies and measures for prevention,intervention and control. Methods:Joinpoint software was used to analyze the trend changes in the incidence and mortality of female breast cancer in Shanghai from 1 973 to 2017,and an age-period-cohort model was constructed to explore the effects of age,year of diagnosis,and birth cohort on long-term trend changes. Results:From 1 973 to 2017,there were 68 192 new cases of female breast cancer in Shanghai,with a diagnosed rate of 31.72/100 000.The incidence rate continued to rise,and the risk of the disease continued to rise from the age of 20 years,and the rise rate accelerated significantly after the age of 40 years.There were 21 535 female breast cancer deaths from 1 973 to 2017.The mortality rate was stable,with a death rate of 8.62/100 000,and the risk of death increased significantly from the age of 45 years.The effects of age,period and cohort had a significant impact on the incidence of breast cancer(P＜0.01),while the increase in mortality rate was related to age and cohort effects(P＜0.01). Conclusion:The incidence rate of female breast cancer in Shanghai is still rising rapidly,and the mortality trend is generally stable,suggesting that the treatment is effective and the quality of life is improved.However,breast cancer is still the main malignant tumor among females in Shanghai.It should be continued to implement prevention and control strategies such as lifestyle intervention and screening of high-risk individuals to further strengthen the prevention and control of breast cancer.

Objective:To describe the epidemiological features and temporal trends of colorectal cancer in urban Shanghai from 1973 to 2017. Methods:Data on colorectal cancer in urban Shanghai was obtained through Shanghai Cancer Registry and Vital Statistics System.Joinpoint analysis was used to describe the temporal trends and annual percent change(APC)and age-period-cohort analysis was used to estimate the association between age,period and birth cohort and colorectal cancer. Results:A total of 105 847 cases and 60 447 deaths of colorectal cancer were diagnosed in urban Shanghai over the 45-year study period.Both the number of new cases and the number of deaths showed an increasing trend.In the same period,the age-standardized incidence of colorectal cancer in urban areas of Shanghai increased significantly from 14.1/100 000 in 1973 to 27.7/100 000 in 2017,while the age-standardized mortality rate increased from 8.2/100 000 to 10.7/100 000.The overall average annual age-standardized incidence and mortality rates were 20.4/100 000 and 11.0/100 000,respectively.With the increase of age,the age-standardized morbidity and mortality of colorectal cancer showed an obvious upward trend.Taking 1993-1997 as reference,the risk of colorectal cancer in Shanghai reached the highest in 2013-2017,and the corresponding relative risk was 1.2(95％confidence interval:1.2-1.3),while the lowest was 0.9(95％confidence interval:0.8-1.0)during 1973-1977.Mortality risk,on the contrary,decreased with the increase of time.Before 1953-1957,the risk of colorectal cancer in urban Shanghai increased with the increase of birth cohort time,and then showed a downward trend.There was a corresponding decline in the risk of colorectal cancer death among people born after 1957. Conclusion:The incidence and mortality of colorectal cancer in Shanghai showed an increasing trend from 1973 to 2017,but the prevalence trend of colorectal cancer is still different among different populations.

Gallbladder cancer is the most common biliary malignancy and has a poor prognosis.How to effectively improve the prognosis of gallbladder cancer patients is still an urgent problem for surgeons to solve.The solution to the problem depends on the early screening and intervention of gallbladder cancer,precise surgical treatment plan and effective comprehensive treatment measures.However,there are still many controversies in these aspects,and more high-quality clinical research,basic research and basic-clinical transformation research are still needed to improve the diagnosis and treatment system of gallbladder cancer in the future.

Neurofibromatosis type 1 is a progressive autosomal dominant inherited disease caused by a mutation in neurofibromin 1(NF1)gene located on chromosome 1 7q1 1.2.NF1 can cause systemic peripheral neuropathy,but the clinical manifestations are varied due to the different onset times and lesion sites in different patients.The treatment of NF1 involves multiple disciplines due to different lesion sites.Clinical monitoring and symptomatic treatment are the main methods for NF1 management,while radical treatment is difficult.New drugs targeted at the pathogenic gene-related signaling pathways are expected to improve the therapeutic effect for NF1.This review summarizes the progress in the basic research and clinical diagnosis and treatment of NF1.