The prescription of Qidong Yixin oral liquid is derived from the experience of national medical master Ren Jixue in treating viral myocarditis （VMC）. It has the functions of tonifying Qi， nourishing the heart，calming the mind， and relieving palpitations. It is used to treat VMC and angina pectoris of coronary heart disease caused by deficiency of both Qi and Yin. However，the understanding of its efficacy evidence， advantageous aspects， dosage and administration， and medication safety remains insufficient in clinical practice. Therefore，the development of the Expert Consensus on the Clinical Application of Qidong Yixin Oral Liquid （hereinafter referred to as consensus） was initiated. Consensus strictly followed the process and methods of the expert consensus on the clinical application of Chinese patent medicines of the China Association of Chinese Medicine，successively completing multiple tasks such as the consensus project initiation，determination of clinical problems，evidence search and evaluation，formation of recommendation opinions and consensus suggestions，solicitation of opinions，peer review， submission for review and release， and so on. Consensus formed a total of 10 recommendation opinions and 12 consensus suggestions，clarifying the clinical positioning，efficacy advantages，syndrome differentiation，dosage and administration，combination therapy，timing of medication，adverse reactions，contraindications， and precautions of Qidong Yixin oral liquid，indicating that it has good clinical advantages and safety in the treatment of VMC and angina pectoris of coronary heart disease，providing norms and references for physicians to safely and rationally apply Qidong Yixin oral liquid. Consensus was reviewed and approved for release by the Standardization Office of the China Association of Chinese Medicine on December 23， 2024. Standard number：GSCACM-376-2024.

AIM:To analyze the characteristics of pathogenic bacteria in patients with infectious eye diseases at Shangrao Central Hospital from 2020 to 2024, providing a basis for the precise clinical prevention and control and the development of effective strategies.METHODS: A retrospective analysis was carried out on clinical specimens including the cornea, lacrimal duct, conjunctiva, and intraocular fluid samples, from patients with infectious eye diseases between May 2020 and December 2024. All the specimens underwent microbiological cultures and identification.RESULTS: A total of 447 patients enrolled ultimately in this study, including 250 males and 197 females, with an average age of 58.5±17.1 y. Among the 447 ocular specimens, bacterial infection was confirmed in 146 cases(32.7%). Of these positive samples, male patients accounted for 63.7%(93/146)and patients aged 51-70 y had the highest infection rate(88/146, 60.3%). Furthermore, migrant workers represented the predominant demographic affected by ocular infections, accounting for an overwhelming majority at 95.9%(140/146). When compared to other etiologies of disease, trauma emerged as the primary cause of ocular infections(P<0.01). In cases of bacterial ocular infections, Gram-positive cocci comprised approximately 61.2%, with Staphylococcus identified as the principal pathogen affecting the lacrimal duct, conjunctivae, and intraocular fluid. Streptococcus pneumoniae was found to be the main pathogen associated with corneal infections. Gram-negative bacteria were predominantly Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Fungal infections were observed in an alarming rate of 91.8% among corneal specimens. Fusarium was identified as the leading fungal pathogen responsible for these cases at a proportion of 45.9%.CONCLUSION: The distribution of pathogenic bacteria causing ocular infections demonstrates obvious tissue specificity. Trauma is identified as a major inducement of corneal fungal infection. Clinically, it is essential to pay particular attention to patients with ocular trauma, especially those engaged in agricultural labor who present with ocular infections, and fungal tests should be conducted as early as possible.

AIM: To analyze changes in the anterior chamber angle structure in patients with implantable collamer lens with central-port(ICL V4c)implantation, and to investigate their associations with preoperative anterior segment anatomical parameters.METHODS: Retrospective case study. Patients with myopia or myopia combined with astigmatism who underwent ICL V4c implantation in the Refractive Surgery Center of the Department of Ophthalmology, the 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University between July 2024 and November 2024 were recruited. Preoperative and postoperative uncorrected visual acuity, best-corrected visual acuity, intraocular pressure, anterior chamber angle(ACA), white-to-white distance(WTW), anterior chamber depth(ACD), angle to angle distance(ATA), horizontal sulcus-to-sulcus distance(HSTS), vertical sulcus-to-sulcus distance(VSTS),crystalline lens rise(CLR), pupil diameter(PD), iris thickness at 750 μm from the scleral spur(IT750),maximal iris thickness(ITM), iris curvature(I-Curv), and iris cross-sectional area(I-Area), angle opening distance(AOD750), thetrabecular-iris angle(TIA750)and the trabecular-iris space area(TISA750)in the temporal, nasal, superior, and inferior directions,as well as the vault at various postoperative time points were measured.RESULTS: The study involved 40 patients(79 eyes)with myopia or myopia combined with astigmatism who underwent ICL V4c implantation(10 males and 30 females)with the mean age of 24.73±3.79 y. Compared with preoperative measurements, at 1 mo postoperatively, the AOD750, TIA750, and TISA750 parameters at the four angles(temporal, nasal, superior, and inferior)all showed a significant reduction(P<0.01). Statistically significant differences in vault were observed at postoperative 1d(0.49±0.1), postoperative 1 wk(0.43±0.14), and postoperative 1 mo(0.41±0.14)(all P<0.001). Correlation analysis indicated that the postoperative state of the anterior chamber angle was jointly influenced by anterior chamber parameters(ACD, ATA, HSTS、VSTS), iris morphology(I-Area, IT750), pupil size(PD), and surgical factors(ICL size, early vault), and that the combination of influencing factors varied across different orientations. Regression analysis showed that ACD was positively correlated with all postoperative anterior chamber angle parameters(P<0.05). IT750 exhibited negative correlations with the temporal and inferior angles(P<0.05). I-Area was positively correlated with temporal AOD750 and TISA750(P<0.05), and PD had negative correlations with temporal TIA750 and nasal AOD750(P<0.05).CONCLUSION: Postoperative anterior chamber angle narrowing is a common phenomenon after ICL V4c implantation. The degree of change exhibits a significant correlation with multiple preoperative anterior segment anatomical parameters. Preoperative comprehensive assessment of ACD, PD, and IT750 may facilitate the evaluation of the risk of postoperative angle changes and the enhancement of surgical safety.

Objective To investigate the causal relationship between metabolic syndrome and breast cancer by using a bidirectional two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) approach. Methods Genome-wide association study (GWAS) summary statistics for metabolic syndrome and breast cancer were acquired from the Integrative Epidemiology Unit GWAS database and the GWAS Catalog, with populations encompassing the United States and East Asia. A bidirectional causal design was employed: a forward analysis with metabolic syndrome as the exposure and breast cancer as the outcome, followed by a reverse analysis wherein their roles were interchanged. The inverse-variance weighting (IVW) method was primarily used for effect estimation, supplemented by MR-Egger regression, the weighted median method, the simple mode method, and the weighted mode method. Instrument variable strength was screened using the F-statistic (F>10). Robustness of the results was assessed through heterogeneity tests, horizontal pleiotropy tests, forest plots, and leave-one-out sensitivity analyses. Results The IVW analysis indicated no significant causal relationship between metabolic syndrome and breast cancer (OR=1.00, 95%CI: 0.97-1.03), P>0.05). Sensitivity analyses yielded consistent results, suggesting the good robustness of the study findings. Conclusion This study found no evidence to support a causal relationship, either positive or negative, between metabolic syndrome and breast cancer.

This paper summarizes Professor WANG Xiuxia's clinical experience in treating hyperprolactinemia using the liver soothing therapy. Professor WANG identifies liver qi stagnation and rebellious chong qi （冲气） as the core pathomechanisms of hyperprolactinemia. Furthermore， liver qi stagnation may transform into fire or lead to pathological changes such as spleen deficiency with phlegm obstruction or kidney deficiency with essence depletion. The treatment strategy centers on soothing the liver， with a modified version of Qinggan Jieyu Decoction （清肝解郁汤） as the base formula. Depending on different syndrome patterns such as liver stagnation transforming into fire， liver stagnation with spleen deficiency， or liver stagnation with kidney deficiency， heat clearing， spleen strengthening， or kidney tonifying herbs are added accordingly. In addition， three paired herb combinations are commonly used for symptom specific treatment， Danggui （Angelica sinensis） with Chuanxiong （Ligusticum chuanxiong）， Zelan （Lycopus lucidus） with Yimucao （Leonurus japonicus） ， and Jiegeng （Platycodon grandiflorus） with Zisu （Perilla frutescens）.

ObjectiveFunctional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS), a novel non-invasive technique for monitoring cerebral activity, can be integrated with upper limb rehabilitation robots to facilitate the real-time assessment of neurological rehabilitation outcomes. The rehabilitation robot is designed with 3 training modes: passive, active, and resistance. Among these, the resistance mode has been demonstrated to yield superior rehabilitative outcomes for patients with a certain level of muscle strength. The control modes in the resistance mode can be categorized into dynamic and static control. However, the effects of different control modes in the resistance mode on the motor function of patients with upper limb hemiplegia in stroke remain unclear. Furthermore, the effects of force, an important parameter of different control modes, on the activation of brain regions have rarely been reported. This study investigates the effects of dynamic and static resistance modes under varying resistance levels on cerebral functional alterations during motor rehabilitation in post-stroke patients. MethodsA cohort of 20 stroke patients with upper limb dysfunction was enrolled in the study, completing preparatory adaptive training followed by 3 intensity-level tasks across 2 motor paradigms. The bilateral prefrontal cortices (PFC), bilateral primary motor cortices (M1), bilateral primary somatosensory cortices (S1), and bilateral premotor and supplementary motor cortices (PM) were examined in both the resting and motor training states. The lateralization index (LI), phase locking value (PLV), network metrics were employed to examine cortical activation patterns and topological properties of brain connectivity. ResultsThe data indicated that both dynamic and static modes resulted in significantly greater activation of the contralateral M1 area and the ipsilateral PM area when compared to the resting state. The static patterns demonstrated a more pronounced activation in the contralateral M1 in comparison to the dynamic patterns. The results of brain network analysis revealed significant differences between the dynamic and resting states in the contralateral PFC area and contralateral M1 area (F=4.709, P=0.038), as well as in the contralateral PM area and ipsilateral M1 area (F=4.218, P=0.049). Moreover, the findings indicated a positive correlation between the activation of the M1 region and the increase in force in the dynamic mode, which was reversed in the static mode. ConclusionBoth dynamic and static resistance training modes have been demonstrated to activate the corresponding brain functional regions. Dynamic resistance modes elicit greater oxygen changes and connectivity to the region of interest (ROI) than static resistance modes. Furthermore, the effects of increasing force differ between the two modes. In patients who have suffered a stroke, dynamic modes may have a more pronounced effect on the activation of exercise-related functional brain regions.

Cardiovascular disease (CVD), chronic kidney disease (CKD), and metabolic disorders are the 3 major chronic diseases threatening human health, which are closely related and often coexist, significantly increasing the difficulty of disease management. In response, the American Heart Association (AHA) proposed a novel disease concept of “cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic (CKM) syndrome” in October 2023, which has triggered widespread concern about the co-treatment of heart and kidney diseases and the prevention and treatment of metabolic disorders around the world. This review posits that effectively managing CKM syndrome requires a new and multidimensional paradigm for diagnosis and risk prediction that integrates biological insights, advanced technology and social determinants of health (SDoH). We argue that the core pathological driver is a “metabolic toxic environment”, fueled by adipose tissue dysfunction and characterized by a vicious cycle of systemic inflammation and oxidative stress, which forms a common pathway to multi-organ injury. The at-risk population is defined not only by biological characteristics but also significantly impacted by adverse SDoH, which can elevate the risk of advanced CKM by a factor of 1.18 to 3.50, underscoring the critical need for equity in screening and care strategies. This review systematically charts the progression of diagnostic technologies. In diagnostics, we highlight a crucial shift from single-marker assessments to comprehensive multi-marker panels. The synergistic application of traditional biomarkers like NT-proBNP (reflecting cardiac stress) and UACR (indicating kidney damage) with emerging indicators such as systemic immune-inflammation index (SII) and Klotho protein facilitates a holistic evaluation of multi-organ health. Furthermore, this paper explores the pivotal role of non-invasive monitoring technologies in detecting subclinical disease. Techniques like multi-wavelength photoplethysmography (PPG) and impedance cardiography (ICG) provide a real-time window into microcirculatory and hemodynamic status, enabling the identification of early, often asymptomatic, functional abnormalities that precede overt organ failure. In imaging, progress is marked by a move towards precise, quantitative evaluation, exemplified by artificial intelligence-powered quantitative computed tomography (AI-QCT). By integrating AI-QCT with clinical risk factors, the predictive accuracy for cardiovascular events within 6 months significantly improves, with the area under the curve (AUC) increasing from 0.637 to 0.688, demonstrating its potential for reclassifying risk in CKM stage 3. In the domain of risk prediction, we trace the evolution from traditional statistical tools to next-generation models. The new PREVENT equation represents a major advancement by incorporating key kidney function markers (eGFR, UACR), which can enhance the detection rate of CKD in primary care by 20%-30%. However, we contend that the future lies in dynamic, machine learning-based models. Algorithms such as XGBoost have achieved an AUC of 0.82 for predicting 365-day cardiovascular events, while deep learning models like KFDeep have demonstrated exceptional performance in predicting kidney failure risk with an AUC of 0.946. Unlike static calculators, these AI-driven tools can process complex, multimodal data and continuously update risk profiles, paving the way for truly personalized and proactive medicine. In conclusion, this review advocates for a paradigm shift toward a holistic and technologically advanced framework for CKM management. Future efforts must focus on the deep integration of multimodal data, the development of novel AI-driven biomarkers, the implementation of refined SDoH-informed interventions, and the promotion of interdisciplinary collaboration to construct an efficient, equitable, and effective system for CKM screening and intervention.

ObjectiveTo deeply understand the lived experience and needs of patients with end-stage heart failure， and to provide references for better implementing hospice care for patients with heart failure. MethodsA qualitative phenomenological research method was adopted to conduct in-depth interviews with 15 patients with end-stage heart failure. The Colaizzi 7-step analysis method was used to code， analyze， and extract themes from the interview data. ResultsFour themes and 10 sub-themes were identified： first， experiencing physical and psychological distress （a desire for relief from physical pain and a need for psychological counseling）； second， ambivalence towards family support （yearning for care but feeling guilty）； third， actively seeking social support （expecting to be understood and valued， facilitating access to support from the medical system， and differing perceptions of doctor-patient shared decision-making）； fourth， complex psychological experience regarding prognosis （experiencing fear and worry， feeling disappointed， living in the moment， and accepting death）. ConclusionMedical staff， family caregivers， and society should jointly pay attention to the physical and mental feelings and needs of patients with end-stage heart failure and provide targeted care. It is recommended to implement multidisciplinary team management， promote doctor-patient shared decision-making， meet individualized needs， and provide appropriate education on life and death concepts， thereby establishing a palliative and hospice care service model for end-stage heart failure with characteristics.

OBJECTIVE: To explore the efficacy differences among different acupuncture frequencies for pain of temporomandibular disorders (TMD). METHODS: A total of 42 patients with TMD pain were randomly divided into a low-frequency group, a medium-frequency group, and a high-frequency group, with 14 patients in each group. All groups received acupuncture treatment at bilateral Hegu (LI4) and Yanglingquan (GB34), as well as ipsilateral Tinggong (SI19), Jiache (ST6), and Xiaguan (ST7), with each session lasting 30 minutes. The low-frequency group received acupuncture once per week, the medium-frequency group received acupuncture twice per week, and the high-frequency group received acupuncture three times per week, for a total duration of four weeks. The graded chronic pain scale (GCPS) score, visual analogue scale (VAS) score, jaw functional limitation scale-20 (JFLS-20) score, and pressure pain threshold (PPT) were assessed in the three groups before and after treatment, as well as at the four-week follow-up after treatment completion. RESULTS: Compared before treatment, GCPS and JFLS-20 scores were significantly decreased in all the groups after treatment (P<0.05), and VAS scores were significantly decreased in the high-frequency and medium-frequency groups (P<0.05), PPT values at different measurement sites were increased significantly in the high-frequency group (P<0.05). After treatment, GCPS, JFLS-20, and VAS scores in the high-frequency group were lower than those in the medium-frequency and low-frequency groups (P<0.05), while some PPT values were higher than the other two groups (P<0.05). At follow-up, GCPS, JFLS-20, and VAS scores remained significantly lower in all the groups compared to baseline (P<0.05), PPT values were increased significantly in the high-frequency and medium-frequency groups (P<0.05), with the high-frequency group showing lower GCPS, JFLS-20, and VAS scores and higher PPT values compared to the other two groups (P<0.05). CONCLUSION Acupuncture three times per week is more effective in reducing TMD pain intensity compared to once or twice per week, and can also alleviate some mandibular functional impairments. The therapeutic effects persist for at least four weeks after treatment completion.
Humans ; Male ; Female ; Adult ; Acupuncture Therapy/methods* ; Temporomandibular Joint Disorders/physiopathology* ; Middle Aged ; Young Adult ; Treatment Outcome ; Acupuncture Points ; Pain Management ; Adolescent ; Pain Measurement