Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) imposes a major health and economic burden worldwide, with disproportionate effects in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Surveillance in high-risk populations, typically using semiannual ultrasound and alpha-fetoprotein testing, has been shown to be cost-effective by enabling earlier detection and improving survival. Yet, its overall value is reduced by poor adherence and the limited sensitivity of ultrasound, particularly in patients with metabolic-associated steatotic liver disease. Emerging approaches—including abbreviated magnetic resonance imaging, multi-biomarker models (e.g., gender, age, AFP, AFP-L3, and DCP), and liquid biopsy assays such as methylated DNA markers—demonstrate greater diagnostic accuracy and potential economic advantages compared with conventional methods. Integration of artificial intelligence into imaging may further enhance efficiency and reduce downstream costs. Moving toward precision surveillance, guided by individualized risk stratification that incorporates etiology, fibrosis stage, and molecular profiles, can optimize allocation of resources and maximize cost-effectiveness at the population level. Interventions to improve adherence, including mailed outreach and behavioral economic incentives, have shown both clinical benefit and cost savings, underscoring the role of implementation science. Because socioeconomic disparities influence both access and outcomes, economic models must explicitly address equity to achieve sustainable impact. Future research should prioritize prospective trials that evaluate not only clinical performance but also the real-world cost-effectiveness of novel technologies and stratified surveillance strategies. For LMICs, adapting proven models into affordable, context-appropriate programs is essential. By combining prevention, precision risk assessment, innovative technologies, and equitable implementation, HCC surveillance can deliver both clinical and economic value, reducing the global burden of disease.

With the rapid development of generative artificial intelligence(GAI)technologies,their widespread application in academic research and writing is continuously expanding the boundaries of sci-entific inquiry.However,this trend has also raised a series of ethical and regulatory challenges,inclu-ding issues related to authorship,content authenticity,citation accuracy,and accountability.In light of the growing involvement of AI in generating academic content,establishing an open,controllable,and trustworthy ethical governance framework has become a key task for safeguarding research integrity and maintaining trust within the academic community.This expert consensus outlines ethical requirements across key stages of AI-assisted academic writing-including topic selection,data management,citation practices,and authorship attribution.It aims to clarify the boundaries and ethical obligations surrounding AI use in academic writing,ensuring that technological tools enhance efficiency without compromising in-tegrity.The goal is to provide guidance and institutional support for building a responsible and sustainable research ecosystem.

The emergence of CRISPR/Cas system has greatly promoted the progress in the field of gene editing,especially CRISPR/Cas9 system,which has become a core tool in biomedical research.Long noncoding RNAs(lncRNAs)play a key role in gene regulation,cell differentiation and the development of a variety of diseases.Especially in cancer research,lncRNAs have important application prospects as cancer biomarkers and therapeutic targets.However,lncRNAs are generally characterized by low abun-dance and poor conservation,which limits the study of their functions by traditional means.CRISPR/Cas9 technology provides an efficient,flexible and accurate tool for lncRNA research,which significantly accelerates the progress in this field.This paper first reviews the basic principles of CRISPR/Cas9 system and its wide applications in gene editing,including CRISPR knockout,knock-in,interference,activation and other functional systems.These technologies can not only screen key lncRNAs in specific biological processes,but also be used for gene function research to explore their roles in diseases.This article focu-ses on the analysis of CRISPR/Cas9 technology in the study of lncRNA functions,regulatory mecha-nisms,and its key applications in tumor research.In addition,the article also summarizes the methods of genome-wide screening by CRISPR/Cas9 to identify functional lncRNAs,and discusses the roles of these lncRNAs in cancer cell proliferation,migration,invasion and drug resistance.CRISPR/Cas9 knockout system can efficiently knock down lncRNA genes and reveal their specific functions in gene regulation.At the same time,CRISPR activation and interference technology provide a new idea for the research of non-coding genes,and further explore its clinical application in cancer and other diseases by regulating the expression level of lncRNAs.The article also discusses the potential of CRISPR technology in future ln-cRNA research,especially the progress in solving technical problems such as genome complexity,targe-ting efficiency and off-target effects.As mentioned in the review,CRISPR/Cas9 technology not only pro-vides a powerful tool for studying lncRNAs,but also provides new ideas and opportunities for developing new means of cancer diagnosis and treatment in the future.

AIM To compare total sugar,total protein,total phenol,total flavonoid,calycosin-7-O-β-D-glucoside,liquiritin,lobetyolin,quercetin,isoferulic acid,hesperidin,glycyrrhizic acid contents and their antioxidant activities,hypoglycemic activities of big honey pill,small honey pill,water pill,concentrated pill,granule,mixture and decoction of Buzhong Yiqi Recipe.METHODS Anthraquinone-sulfuric acid method,Coomassie brilliant blue method,Folin-phenol colorimetry method,sodium nitrite-aluminum nitrate method and HPLC were adopted in the content determination of total sugar,total protein,total phenol,total flavonoid and seven constituents,respectively,after which the scavenging capacities,reducing powers on DPPH·free radical,ABTS+free radical,hydroxyl free radical,and inhibition capacity on α-glucosidase activity were detected.Subsequently,correlation analysis was performed.RESULTS Total sugar,total protein,total phenol and total flavonoid contents demonstrated significant differences among different dosage forms(P＜0.05,P＜0.01).Calycosin-7-O-β-D-glucoside,glycyrrhizin,codonoside and quercetin displayed the highest contents in the decoction,while those of isoferulic acid,hesperidin and glycyrrhizin were observable in the mixture.The water pill exhibited the strongest antioxidant activity,while those of the concentrated pill and mixture were weak;the big honey pill exhibited the strongest hypoglycemic activity,while that of the decoction was the weakest.Total protein,total phenol,total flavonoid and liquiritin contents displayed significant positive correlations between antioxidant activity(P＜0.05,P＜0.01),while hesperidin content displayed significant negative correlation between the latter(P＜0.05);total protein,calycosin-7-O-β-D-glucoside,codonoside and quercetin contents displayed significant negative correlations between hypoglycemic activity(P＜0.05,P＜0.01).CONCLUSION Active constituent contents and their biological activities of Buzhong Yiqi Recipe with different dosage forms exist differences,total sugar,total protein,total flavonoids,calycosin-7-O-β-D-glucoside,licorice glycoside,hesperidin,codonoside and quercetin can be taken as quality control indices for this prescription.

Objective To assess the changes of medical institutions before and after the Diagnosis-Intervention Packet (DIP) payment method reform,analyze the challenges faced by medical institutions,and provide reference for further improvement.Methods Data were obtained through literature analysis,key informant interviews,and statistically analyzed using chi-square test,wilcoxon rank sum test and t-test,focusing on the four dimensions of medical institutions'service capacity,service efficiency,quality and safety,and cost control.Results After the implementation of the DIP payment method reform,the Case Mix Index in terms of service capacity did not change significantly,although the percentage of tertiary and quaternary surgeries in the pilot hospitals increased compared to the pre-reform period;in terms of service efficiency,the differences in average hospitalization days and bed utilization rate were not statistically significant compared with the pre-reform period;in terms of quality and safety,the mortality rate and the rate of surgical site infections of Class Ⅰ incisions in the low-risk group were significantly reduced;and in terms of cost containment,the average inpatient hospitalization cost increase trend has slowed down,and the proportion of drug costs decreased.Conclusion In order to further improve and implement the DIP payment method reform,the relevant departments of health insurance need to improve the medical quality evaluation system and pay attention to the participation of medical institutions;ensure the quality of medical care to regulate medical behavior and strengthen the refined management of clinical pathways;and implement a dynamic and flexible management strategy and set up DIP implementation rules according to local conditions.

The emergence of CRISPR/Cas system has greatly promoted the progress in the field of gene editing,especially CRISPR/Cas9 system,which has become a core tool in biomedical research.Long noncoding RNAs(lncRNAs)play a key role in gene regulation,cell differentiation and the development of a variety of diseases.Especially in cancer research,lncRNAs have important application prospects as cancer biomarkers and therapeutic targets.However,lncRNAs are generally characterized by low abun-dance and poor conservation,which limits the study of their functions by traditional means.CRISPR/Cas9 technology provides an efficient,flexible and accurate tool for lncRNA research,which significantly accelerates the progress in this field.This paper first reviews the basic principles of CRISPR/Cas9 system and its wide applications in gene editing,including CRISPR knockout,knock-in,interference,activation and other functional systems.These technologies can not only screen key lncRNAs in specific biological processes,but also be used for gene function research to explore their roles in diseases.This article focu-ses on the analysis of CRISPR/Cas9 technology in the study of lncRNA functions,regulatory mecha-nisms,and its key applications in tumor research.In addition,the article also summarizes the methods of genome-wide screening by CRISPR/Cas9 to identify functional lncRNAs,and discusses the roles of these lncRNAs in cancer cell proliferation,migration,invasion and drug resistance.CRISPR/Cas9 knockout system can efficiently knock down lncRNA genes and reveal their specific functions in gene regulation.At the same time,CRISPR activation and interference technology provide a new idea for the research of non-coding genes,and further explore its clinical application in cancer and other diseases by regulating the expression level of lncRNAs.The article also discusses the potential of CRISPR technology in future ln-cRNA research,especially the progress in solving technical problems such as genome complexity,targe-ting efficiency and off-target effects.As mentioned in the review,CRISPR/Cas9 technology not only pro-vides a powerful tool for studying lncRNAs,but also provides new ideas and opportunities for developing new means of cancer diagnosis and treatment in the future.

Hypertensive nephropathy is one of the common chronic kidney diseases in China,the morbidity and mortality are increasing year by year,which seriously endangers the physical and mental health of patients.Traditional Chinese medicine believes that human is an organic whole,the five viscera and six organs are closely related in physiology and pathology,based on the theory of"holistic concept",the application of Chinese medicine in the treatment of hypertensive nephropathy can effectively improve kidney function and reduce the occurrence of adverse reactions.Therefore,based on the theory of"five viscera in one",this paper summarizes the etiology and pathogenesis of hypertensive nephropathy and the treatment of hypertensive nephropathy from the five aspects of liver,heart,spleen,lung and kidney,aiming to provide new ideas for the prevention and treatment of kidney disease by traditional Chinese medicine.

Objective To investigate the impact of risk prevention and control on the quality efficiency of medical equipment procurement.Methods The medical equipment procurement projects with enhanced risk prevention measures during 2023(119 items)were assigned to an observation group,while those without strengthened risk control during 2022(118 items)were enrolled into a control group.The two groups were compared in terms of bid failure/rejection rates,procurement completion cycles(including procurement execution cycle and total procurement cycle)and procurement satisfaction.Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 20.0 software.Results The observation group demonstrated significantly lower bid failure/rejection rates when compared with the control group(≥2 occurrences:5.88％vs.15.25％,P＜0.05).The procurement execution cycle was notably shorter in the observation group((69.16±78.65)d vs.(97.67±49.84)d,P＜0.05),though no significant difference was observed in total procurement cycle(P＞0.05).The observation group behaved better significantly than the control group in procurement efficiency,equipment performance,procedural compliance and post-purchase service satisfaction(all P＜0.05).Conclusion Risk prevention and control measures in medical equipment procurement effectively reduce bid failure/rejection risks while enhancing procurement quality efficiency.[Chinese Medical Equipment Journal,2025,46(3):81-85]

Objective To design a performance testing platform to evaluate the working status and performance characteristics of the ventilator proportional solenoid valve.Methods The performance testing platform had its hardware including a high-pressure gas source,a pressure regulating valve,sensors and etc,and its software designed based on PyQt5 and composed of several modules for data acquisition,parameter setting,image display,indicator computation,result output and etc.Two kinds of proportional solenoid valves(Valve 1、Valve2)were selected for static and dynamic tests to verify the performance of the platform.Results The platform developed facilitated the proportional solenoid valve to carry out accurate computation of static and dynamic indicators at real time and time domain and waveform feature extraction of sensor data by precision control and data acquisition for the proportional solenoid valve.Static tests showed that Valve 1 gained advantages over Valve 2 in static flow characteristics involving in lowered repeatability,return error and offset while enhanced stability;dynamic tests indicated Valve 2 had rapid flow variations and significant flow fluctuation impacts,Valve 1 showed smooth dynamic response changes,and Valve 2 behaved better than Valve 1 in dynamic performance.Conclusion The testing platform developed comprehensively demonstrates the performance characteristics and working performance of the ventilator proportional solenoid valve,which is of great significance to enhance the reliability and safety of the ventilator.[Chinese Medical Equipment Journal,2025,46(1):13-19]