Based on serum metabolomics and gut microbiota technology, this study explores the effects and mechanisms of the water extract of Ziziphi Spinosae Semen(SZRW) and the petroleum ether extract of Ziziphi Spinosae Semen(SZRO) in improving depressive-like behaviors induced by sleep deprivation. A modified multi-platform water environment method was employed to establish a rat model of sleep deprivation. Depressive-like behaviors in rats were assessed through the sucrose preference test and forced swim test. The expression of barrier proteins, such as Occludin, in the colon was determined by immunofluorescence. UPLC-Q-Orbitrap MS was utilized to analyze the serum metabolic profiles of sleep-deprived rats, screen for differential metabolites, and analyze metabolic pathways. The diversity of the gut microbiota was detected using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Spearman correlation coefficient analysis was conducted to assess the correlation between differential metabolites and gut microbiota. The results indicated that SZRO significantly increased the sucrose preference index and decreased the immobility time in the forced swim test in rats. A total of 34 differential metabolites were identified through serum metabolomics. SZRW and SZRO shared five metabolic pathways, including phenylalanine metabolism. SZRW uniquely featured taurine and hypotaurine metabolism, while SZRO uniquely featured linoleic acid metabolism and tyrosine metabolism. Correlation analysis revealed that SZRW could upregulate the abundance of Bilophila, promoting the production of indole-3-propionic acid and subsequently upregulating the expression levels of intestinal tight junction proteins such as ZO-1, Occludin, and Claudin-1. SZRO could indirectly influence metabolic pathways such as arginine metabolism and linoleic acid metabolism by upregulating the abundance of gut microbiota such as Coprococcus and Eubacterium species. Both SZRW and SZRO can regulate endogenous metabolism, including amino acids, energy, and lipids, alter the gut microbiota microecology, and improve depressive-like behaviors. SZRO demonstrated superior effects in regulating metabolic pathways and gut microbiota structure compared to SZRW. The findings of this study provide a scientific basis for elucidating the pharmacodynamic material basis of Ziziphi Spinosae Semen.
Animals ; Rats ; Gastrointestinal Microbiome/drug effects* ; Male ; Metabolomics ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/administration & dosage* ; Depression/blood* ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Sleep Deprivation/complications* ; Ziziphus/chemistry* ; Antidepressive Agents/administration & dosage* ; Behavior, Animal/drug effects* ; Humans

OBJECTIVE: To examine the effectiveness of Chinese medicine (CM) Lianhua Qingwen Granule (LHQW) and Jingyin Gubiao Prescription (JYGB) in asymptomatic or mild patients with Omicron infection in the shelter hospital. METHODS: This single-center retrospective cohort study was conducted in the largest shelter hospital in Shanghai, China, from April 10, 2022 to May 30, 2022. A total of 56,244 asymptomatic and mild Omicron cases were included and divided into 4 groups, i.e., non-administration group (23,702 cases), LHQW group (11,576 cases), JYGB group (12,112 cases), and dual combination of LHQW and JYGB group (8,854 cases). The length of stay (LOS) in the hospital was used to assess the effectiveness of LHQW and JYGB treatment on Omicron infection. RESULTS: Patients aged 41-60 years, with nadir threshold cycle (C_T) value of N gene <25, or those fully vaccinated preferred to receive CM therapy. Before or after propensity score matching (PSM), the multiple linear regression showed that LHQW and JYGB treatment were independent influence factors of LOS (both P<0.001). After PSM, there were significant differences in LOS between the LHQW/JYGB combination and the other groups (P<0.01). The results of factorial design ANOVA proved that the LHQW/JYGB combination therapy synergistically shortened LOS (P=0.032). CONCLUSIONS Patients with a nadir C_T value <25 were more likely to accept CM. The LHQW/JYGB combination therapy could shorten the LOS of Omicron-infected individuals in an isolated environment.
Humans ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/therapeutic use* ; Male ; Female ; Middle Aged ; Adult ; China/epidemiology* ; Hospitalization ; COVID-19 Drug Treatment ; COVID-19/epidemiology* ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Retrospective Studies ; Treatment Outcome ; Length of Stay ; Young Adult ; Aged

Objective To investigate the diagnostic value Tamm-Horsfall protein(THP)and osteopontin(OPN)in serum and 24-hour urine for urolithiasis.Methods A total of 101 patients with urolithiasis who underwent flexible ureteroscopy lithotripsy at the Urology Department of Civil Aviation General Hospital from April 2020 to March 2023 were included as the stone group,and 50 healthy individuals were enrolled as the control group.The samples of serum and 24-hour urine samples were collected from both the groups,and the levels of THP and OPN were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA).Logistic regression analysis was performed to evaluate the association between each biomarker and urolithiasis,and receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curves were plotted to assess their diagnostic value.Results The stone group showed significantly lower THP levels(20.13[13.12,26.03]mg/d)and OPN levels(51.24[36.72,101.37]μg/d)in 24-hour urine,and THP levels(182.01[160.91,209.20]ng/mL)and OPN lev-els(18.76[15.72,22.48]ng/mL)in serum compared to the control group(all the P＜0.001).Binary Logistic regression analysis re-vealed that THP(OR=0.736,95％CI:0.606-0.895),OPN(OR=0.975,95％CI:0.958-0.993)and citrate(OR=0.067,95％CI:0.012-0.376)in 24-hour urine,and THP(OR=0.946,95％CI:0.908-0.986)and OPN(OR=0.896,95％CI:0.803-0.999)in ser-um were the protective factors for urolithiasis,while calcium level(OR=2.125,95％CI:1.243-3.633)24-hour urine was a risk factor(all the P＜0.05).ROC curve analysis showed that the areas under the curve(AUCROC)for the individual diagnosis of urolithiasis were 0.846,0.809,0.786,0.823,0.748,and 0.755 for the above six biomarkers,respectively.The AUCROC for the combined diagnosis u-sing THP+OPN in serum,THP+OPN in 24-hour urine and all the six biomarkers were 0.882,0.920 and 0.984,respectively,indica-ting better diagnostic performance.Conclusion The combined detection of the THP and OPN levels in serum and 24-hour urine may have good diagnostic value for urolithiasis and serve as potential diagnostic biomarkers.

Objective To evaluate the clinical effect of ultra-early endovascular treatment of ruptured tiny intracranial aneurysms(RTIAs).Methods A total of 35 patients with RTIAs who were treated with endovascular embolization within 24 hours after subarachnoid hemorrhage in our department from May 2017 to November 2022 were retrospectively analyzed.The basic clinical information,endovascular treatment results,clinical and imaging follow-up results were analyzed.Results The mean aneurysms maximum diameter is was(2.5±0.4)mm.Of these 35 patients with RTIAs,23 patients(65.7％)were treated with simple coil embolization,12 patients(34.3％)with stent assisted coiling.Immediate angiographic results showed that Raymond grade Ⅰ in 20 patients(57.1％),Ⅱ in 13(37.2％),Ⅲ in 2(5.7％).Perioperative complications occurred in 4 patients(11.4％),including Intraoperative aneurysm rupture in 2(5.7％),intra-stent thrombosis in 2(5.7％),massive cerebral infarction followed by decompressive craniectomy in 1,postoperative death in 1.Angiographic follow-up was performed in 24 patients(68.6％),recurrence in 1 patient receiving retreatment.Clinical follow-up were performed in 33 patients,The mRS of 0-2 were in 31 patients(93.9％).Conclusion Ultra-early endovascular treatment of RTIAs is effective and relatively safe,with favorable angiographic results and clinical outcomes at follow up.Intraoperative aneurysm rupture and thrombosis are the major perioperative complications.

Objective To introduce and translate the fear of falling avoidance behaviour questionnaire(FFABQ)into a Chinese version and test its reliability and validity.Methods The Brislin translation model was employed to translate and back-translate the original FFABQ.The back-translated FFABQ was modified based on expert consultations and a pre-survey,followed by cultural adaptation evaluation.To assess the reliability and validity of the Chinese version FFABQ(FFABQ-CHN),a convenient sampling method was used to select a total of 269 elderly patients from a general hospital in Xi'an to participate the survey.The item analysis,content validity,exploratory factor analysis,Cronbach α coefficient,split-half reliability,test-retest reliability and paired t-test were employed in the evaluation of the reliability and validity of FFABQ-CHN.Results The Chinese version FFABQ comprised 3 dimensions of walking,daily activities and work/leisure activities,with 14 items in total.A total of 254 patients had responded to the survey.Item analysis revealed that CR values of the 14 items ranged from 3.978 to 11.755(all P<0.05),with correlation coefficients between each item and the total score of the questionnaire from 0.473 to 0.930(all P<0.001).The content validity index at the item level ranged from 0.834 to 1.000,while the content validity index at the scale level was 0.968.Exploratory factor analysis extracted three common factors,with a cumulative variance contribution rate of 85.347%.The Cronbach α coefficient,half-half reliability and test-retest reliability of the questionnaire were 0.929,0.877,and 0.954,respectively.Paired t-test indicated no significant difference between the scores(all P>0.05).Conclusions The Chinese version FFABQ demonstrates strong a reliability and validity in the assessment of activity restriction related to fear of falling in the elderly.Thus,it serves as an effective tool for medical practitioners in evaluation of the restrictions in fear-of-falling-related activities of the elderly.

Objective To understand the growth and development status and differences between small for gestational age(SGA)and appropriate for gestational age(AGA)preterm infants during corrected ages 0-24 months,and to provide a basis for early health interventions for preterm infants.Methods A retrospective study was conducted,selecting 824 preterm infants who received regular health care at the Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center from July 2019 to July 2022,including 144 SGA and 680 AGA infants.The growth data of SGA and AGA groups at birth and corrected ages 0-24 months were analyzed and compared.Results The SGA group had significantly lower weight and length than the AGA group at corrected ages 0-18 months(P<0.05),while there were no significant differences between the two groups at corrected age 24 months(P>0.05).At corrected age 24 months,85%(34/40)of SGA and 79%(74/94)of AGA preterm infants achieved catch-up growth.Stratified analysis by gestational age showed that there were significant differences in weight and length at corrected ages 0-9 months between the SGA subgroup with gestational age<34 weeks and the AGA subgroups with gestational age<34 weeks and≥34 weeks(P<0.05).In addition,the weight and length of the SGA subgroup with gestational age≥34 weeks showed significant differences compared to the AGA subgroups with gestational age<34 weeks and≥34 weeks at corrected ages 0-18 months and corrected ages 0-12 months,respectively(P<0.05).Catch-up growth for SGA infants with gestational age<34 weeks and≥34 weeks mainly occurred at corrected ages 0-12 months and corrected ages 0-18 months,respectively.Conclusions SGA infants exhibit delayed early-life physical growth compared to AGA infants,but can achieve a higher proportion of catch-up growth by corrected age 24 months than AGA infants.Catch-up growth can be achieved earlier in SGA infants with a gestational age of<34 weeks compared to those with≥34 weeks.

Objective:To report the results of national surveillance on the distribution and antimicrobial resistance profile of clinical Gram-negative bacteria isolates from bloodstream infections in China in 2022.Methods:The clinical isolates of Gram-negative bacteria from blood cultures in member hospitals of national bloodstream infection Bacterial Resistant Investigation Collaborative System（BRICS）were collected during January 2022 to December 2022. Antibiotic susceptibility tests were conducted by agar dilution or broth dilution methods recommended by Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute（CLSI）. WHONET 5.6 and SPSS 25.0 software were used to analyze the data.Results:During the study period，9 035 strains of Gram-negative bacteria were collected from 51 hospitals，of which 7 895（87.4%）were Enterobacteriaceae and 1 140（12.6%）were non-fermenting bacteria. The top 5 bacterial species were Escherichia coli（ n=4 510，49.9%）， Klebsiella pneumoniae（ n=2 340，25.9%）， Pseudomonas aeruginosa（ n=534，5.9%）， Acinetobacter baumannii complex（ n=405，4.5%）and Enterobacter cloacae（ n=327，3.6%）. The ESBLs-producing rates in Escherichia coli， Klebsiella pneumoniae and Proteus spp. were 47.1%（2 095/4 452），21.0%（427/2 033）and 41.1%（58/141），respectively. The prevalence of carbapenem-resistant Escherichia coli（CREC）and carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae（CRKP）were 1.3%（58/4 510）and 13.1%（307/2 340）；62.1%（36/58）and 9.8%（30/307）of CREC and CRKP were resistant to ceftazidime/avibactam combination，respectively. The prevalence of carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii（CRAB）complex was 59.5%（241/405），while less than 5% of Acinetobacter baumannii complex was resistant to tigecycline and polymyxin B. The prevalence of carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa（CRPA）was 18.4%（98/534）. There were differences in the composition ratio of Gram-negative bacteria in bloodstream infections and the prevalence of main Gram-negative bacteria resistance among different regions，with statistically significant differences in the prevalence of CRKP and CRPA（ χ2=20.489 and 20.252， P<0.001）. The prevalence of CREC，CRKP，CRPA，CRAB，ESBLs-producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae were higher in provinicial hospitals than those in municipal hospitals（ χ2=11.953，81.183，10.404，5.915，12.415 and 6.459， P<0.01 or <0.05），while the prevalence of CRPA was higher in economically developed regions（per capita GDP ≥ 92 059 Yuan）than that in economically less-developed regions（per capita GDP <92 059 Yuan）（ χ2=6.240， P=0.012）. Conclusions:The proportion of Gram-negative bacteria in bloodstream infections shows an increasing trend，and Escherichia coli is ranked in the top，while the trend of CRKP decreases continuously with time. Decreasing trends are noted in ESBLs-producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae. Low prevalence of carbapenem resistance in Escherichia coli and high prevalence in CRAB complex have been observed. The composition ratio and antibacterial spectrum of bloodstream infections in different regions of China are slightly different，and the proportion of main drug resistant bacteria in provincial hospitals is higher than those in municipal hospitals.

Objective Viral encephalitis is an infectious disease severely affecting human health.It is caused by a wide variety of viral pathogens,including herpes viruses,flaviviruses,enteroviruses,and other viruses.The laboratory diagnosis of viral encephalitis is a worldwide challenge.Recently,high-throughput sequencing technology has provided new tools for diagnosing central nervous system infections.Thus,In this study,we established a multipathogen detection platform for viral encephalitis based on amplicon sequencing. Methods We designed nine pairs of specific polymerase chain reaction(PCR)primers for the 12 viruses by reviewing the relevant literature.The detection ability of the primers was verified by software simulation and the detection of known positive samples.Amplicon sequencing was used to validate the samples,and consistency was compared with Sanger sequencing. Results The results showed that the target sequences of various pathogens were obtained at a coverage depth level greater than 20×,and the sequence lengths were consistent with the sizes of the predicted amplicons.The sequences were verified using the National Center for Biotechnology Information BLAST,and all results were consistent with the results of Sanger sequencing. Conclusion Amplicon-based high-throughput sequencing technology is feasible as a supplementary method for the pathogenic detection of viral encephalitis.It is also a useful tool for the high-volume screening of clinical samples.