BACKGROUND:With the development of computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing technology,zirconia abutments with a titanium base are widely used in clinic due to its good application advantages,but there are still some problems and a lack of consensus design standards. OBJECTIVE:To review the fabrication methods of Ti-base zirconia abutment,and the effect of abutment connection,emergence design,abutment angle,and bonding on mechanical properties of Ti-base zirconia abutment. METHODS:Relevant literature published from 2010 to 2023 was searched in CNKI and PubMed databases with the search terms"zirconia abutment,titanium base"in Chinese and English,respectively.The search time limit was extended for some classical literature.The relevant literature was obtained through inclusion and exclusion criteria,and 57 eligible documents were included for review. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:It is recommended that clinicians try to select antirotational titanium bases or rotational titanium bases with a Morse taper connection.Implants should be placed in the correct axial angulation of not more than 15° or with an inclination to the palatal side when using angled zirconia abutments.When a≥30° labial inclination is followed for implant placement,the bite force must be decreased effectively to reduce the risk of mechanical and biological complications of implants,abutments,and prostheses.Ti-base zirconia abutments with a higher gingival height should be selected,and its restorative angle should not exceed 40°.Multilink Hybrid Abutment could be the first choice for extraoral bonding of zirconia abutment to titanium bases.

ObjectiveTo investigate the clinical features and outcomes of recompensation in patients with autoimmune hepatitis （AIH）-related decompensated cirrhosis， to identify independent predictive factors， and to construct a nomogram prediction model for the probability of recompensation. MethodsA retrospective cohort study was conducted among the adult patients with AIH-related decompensated cirrhosis who were admitted to The Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital from January 2015 to August 2023 （n=211）. The primary endpoint was achievement of recompensation， and the secondary endpoint was liver-related death or liver transplantation. According to the outcome of the patients at the end of the follow-up， the patients were divided into the recompensation group （n=16） and the persistent decompensation group（n=150）.The independent-samples t test was used for comparison of normally distributed continuous data with homogeneity of variance， and the Mann-Whitney U rank sum test was used for comparison of non-normally distributed continuous data with heterogeneity of variance； the chi-square test or the Fisher’s exact test was used for comparison of categorical data between groups； the Kaplan-Meier method was used for survival analysis； the Cox proportional-hazards regression model was used to identify independent predictive factors， and a nomogram model was constructed and validated. ResultsA total of 211 patients were enrolled， with a median age of 55.0 years and a median follow-up time of 44.0 months， and female patients accounted for 87.2%. Among the 211 patients， 61 （with a cumulative proportion of 35.5%） achieved recompensation. Compared with the persistent decompensation group， the recompensation group had significantly higher white blood cell count， platelet count （PLT）， total bilirubin （TBil）， alanine aminotransferase （ALT）， aspartate aminotransferase （AST）， total bile acid， prothrombin time， international normalized ratio （INR）， SMA positive rate， Model for End-Stage Liver Disease （MELD） score， Child-Pugh score， and rate of use of glucocorticoids （all P0.05）， as well as significantly lower age at baseline， number of complications， and death/liver transplantation rate （all P0.05）. At 3 and 12 months after treatment， the recompensation group had continuous improvements in AST， TBil， INR， IgG， MELD score， and Child-Pugh score， which were significantly lower than the values in the persistent decompensation group （all P0.05）， alongside with continuous increases in PLT and albumin， which were significantly higher than the values in the persistent decompensation group （P0.05）. The multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that baseline ALT （hazard ratio ［HR］=1.067， 95% confidence interval ［CI］： 1.010 — 1.127， P=0.021）， IgG （HR=0.463，95%CI：0.258 — 0.833， P=0.010）， SMA positivity （HR=3.122，95%CI：1.768 — 5.515， P0.001）， and glucocorticoid therapy （HR=20.651，95%CI：8.744 — 48.770， P0.001） were independent predictive factors for recompensation， and the nomogram model based on these predictive factors showed excellent predictive performance （C-index=0.87，95%CI：0.84 — 0.90）. ConclusionAchieving recompensation significantly improves clinical outcomes in patients with AIH-related decompensated cirrhosis. Baseline SMA positivity， a high level of ALT， a low level of IgG， and corticosteroid therapy are independent predictive factors for recompensation. The predictive model constructed based on these factors can provide a basis for decision-making in individualized clinical management.

OBJECTIVE To establish a method for determining the contents of clopidogrel （CLP）， clopidogrel carboxylate （CLP-C）， clopidogrel acyl-β-D-glucuronide （CLP-G） and contents of clopidogrel active metabolite （CAM） in rat plasma， and to investigate their in vivo pharmacokinetic characteristics. METHODS The Shisedo CAPCELL ADME column was used with a mobile phase consisting of water and acetonitrile （both containing 0.1% formic acid） in a gradient elution. The flow rate was 0.4 mL/min， and the column temperature was maintained at 20 ℃. The injection volume was 2 μL. The analysis was performed in positive ion mode using electrospray ionization with multiple reaction monitoring. The ion pairs for quantitative analysis were m/z 322.1→211.9 （for CLP）， m/z 308.1→197.9 （for CLP-C）， m/z 322.1→154.8 （for CLP-G）， m/z 504.1→154.9 [for racemic CAM derivative （CAMD）]. Six rats were administered a single intragastric dose of CLP （10 mg/kg）. Blood samples were collected before medication and at 0.08， 0.33， 0.66， 1， 2， 4， 6， 10， 23 and 35 hours after medication. The established method was used to detect the serum contents of various components in rats. Pharmacokinetic parameters were then calculated using WinNonlin 6.1 software. RESULTS The linear ranges for CLP， CLP-C and CAMD were 0.08-20.00， 205.00-8 000.00， and 0.04-25.00 ng/mL， respectively （r≥0.990）. The relative standard deviations for both intra-day and inter-day precision tests were all less than 15%， and the relative errors for accuracy ranged from －11.68% to 14.40%. The coefficients of variation for the matrix factors were all less than 15%， meeting the requirements for bioanalytical method validation. The results of the pharmacokinetic study revealed that， following a single intagastric administration of CLP in rats， the exposure to the parent CLP in plasma was extremely low. Both the area under the drug concentration-time curve （AUC0-35 h） and the peak concentration of the parent CLP were lower than those of its metabolites. The AUC0-35 h of the active metabolite CAM was approximately 43 times that of CLP， though it had a shorter half-life （2.53 h）. The inactive metabolite CLP-C exhibited the highest exposure level， but it reached its peak concentration the latest and was eliminated slowly. The AUC0-35 h of CLP-G was about four times that of CAM， and its half-life was similar to that of CLP-C. CONCLUSIONS This study successfully established an liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method for the determination of CLP and its three metabolites， and revealed their pharmacokinetic characteristics in rats. Specifically， the parent drug CLP was rapidly eliminated， while the inactive metabolites CLP-C and CLP-G exhibited long half-lives， and active metabolite CAM displayed a transient exposure pattern.

The study aims to explore the herb-drug interaction between Xuefu Zhuyu Decoction(XFZY) and atorvastatin(AT). Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR) was used to analyze the transcription levels of proteins related to drug metabolism and transport in LS174T cells, detect the intracellular drug uptake under various substrate concentrations and incubation time, and optimize the model reaction conditions of transporter multidrug resistance protein 1(MDR1)-specific probe Rhodamine 123 and AT to establish a cell model for investigating the human intestinal drug interaction. The cell counting kit-8(CCK-8) method was adopted to evaluate the cytotoxicity of XFZY on LS174T cells. After a single and continuous 48 h culture with XFZY, AT or Rhodamine 123 was added for co-incubation. The effect and mechanism of XFZY on human intestinal absorption of AT were analyzed by measuring the intracellular drug concentrations and transcription levels of related transporters and metabolic enzymes. The results of in vitro experiments show that a single co-culture with a high concentration of XFZY significantly increases the intracellular concentrations of Rhodamine 123 and AT. A high concentration of XFZY co-culture for 48 h increases the AT uptake level, significantly induces the CYP3A4 and UGT1A1 gene expression levels, and inhibits the OATP2B1 gene expression level. To compare with the evaluation results of the in vitro human cell model, the pharmacokinetic experiment of XFZY combined with AT was carried out in rats. Sprague-Dawley(SD) rats were randomly divided into a blank control group and an XFZY group. After 14 days of continuous intragastric administration, AT was given in combination. The liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry(LC-MS)/MS method was used to detect the concentrations of AT and metabolites 2-hydroxyatorvastatin acid(2-HAT), 4-hydroxyatorvastatin acid(4-HAT), atorvastatin lactone(ATL), 2-hydroxyatorvastatin lactone(2-HATL), and 4-hydroxyatorvastatin lactone(4-HATL) in plasma samples, and the pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated. Pharmacokinetic analysis in rats shows that continuous administration of XFZY does not significantly change the pharmacokinetic characteristics of AT in rats, but the AUC_(0-6 h) values of AT and metabolites 2-HAT, 4-HAT, and 2-HATL increase by 21.37%, 14.94%, 12.42%, and 6.68%, respectively. The metabolic rate of the main metabolites shows a downward trend. The study indicates that administration combined with XFZY can significantly increase the uptake level of AT in human intestinal cells and increase the exposure level of AT and main metabolites in rats to varying degrees. The mechanism may be mainly due to the inhibition of intestinal MDR1 transport activity.
Animals ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/administration & dosage* ; Atorvastatin/administration & dosage* ; Humans ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Male ; Intestines/cytology* ; Intestinal Mucosa/metabolism* ; Herb-Drug Interactions ; Cytochrome P-450 CYP3A/metabolism* ; Intestinal Absorption/drug effects*

The intelligent oxygen management system is a software designed with various algorithms to automatically titrate inhaled oxygen concentration according to specific patterns. This system can be integrated into various ventilator devices and used during assisted ventilation processes, aiming to maintain the patient's blood oxygen saturation within a target range. This paper employs a scoping review methodology, focusing on research related to intelligent oxygen management systems in neonatal intensive care units. It reviews the fundamental principles, application platforms, and clinical outcomes of these systems, providing a theoretical basis for clinical implementation.
Humans ; Intensive Care Units, Neonatal ; Infant, Newborn ; Oxygen/administration & dosage* ; Oxygen Inhalation Therapy/methods* ; Respiration, Artificial

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the expression levels and combined detection efficiency of serum mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean platelet volume (MPV), and tumor gene ( WT-1) in elderly patients with myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS). METHODS: One hundred elderly MDS patients admitted to our hospital from January 2020 to January 2021 were selected as observation group, and eighty healthy subjects during the same period were selected as control group. The levels of MCV, MPV and WT-1 were detected, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was drawn to analyze the value of combined detection of the three indicators in the prediction of MDS. The expression and correlation of MCV, MPV and WT-1 in elderly patients with MDS were analyzed and evaluated. RESULTS: The levels of MCV, MPV, and WT-1 in the observation group were higher than those in the control group (all P <0.001). Pearson correlation analysis showed that MCV was positively correlated with MPV and WT-1 (r =0.724, 0.733), while MPV was positively correlated with WT-1 (r =0.731). MCV, MPV, and WT-1 were independent influencing factors for elderly MDS (all P <0.05). The combined detection of the three indicators had the largest area under the curve (AUC) (0.873, 95%CI : 0.776-0.893) in the diagnosis of elderly MDS, with a sensitivity of 95.00%, a specificity of 90.00%, and Youden index of 0.850. The diagnostic value was significantly higher than that of a single indicator (both P <0.05). The levels of MCV, MPV, and WT-1 in severe patients were significantly higher than those in mild patients (all P <0.01). Logistic regression analysis showed that high expression of MCV, MPV, and WT-1 were influencing factors of severe elderly MDS. The ROC curve analysis showed that the combined diagnosis of MCV, MPV and WT-1 had the largest AUC for predicting severe MDS in elderly patients (0.897, 95%CI : 0.709-0.926), and the sensitivity and specificity were 93.18% and 91.07%, respectively (P <0.05). CONCLUSION MCV, MPC, and WT-1 are highly expressed in elderly patients with severe MDS. These three indicators can reflect the bone marrow hematopoietic function status of the subjects. However, compared with single indicator detection, the combined detection of the three indicators is more effective in diagnosis. It has certain advantages in elderly MDS and disease staging, and its promotion and application value is higher.
Humans ; Myelodysplastic Syndromes/blood* ; Aged ; WT1 Proteins/blood* ; Mean Platelet Volume ; Erythrocyte Indices ; ROC Curve ; Male ; Female

Mercury (Hg)-contaminated soil poses a significant threat to the environment and human health. Hg-resistant microorganisms have the ability to survive under the stress of inorganic and organic Hg and effectively reduce Hg levels and toxicity. Compared to physical and chemical remediation methods, microbial remediation technologies have garnered increasing attention in recent years due to their lower cost, remarkable efficacy, and minimal environmental impact. This paper systematically elucidates the molecular mechanisms of Hg resistance in microbes, with a focus on their potential applications in phytoremediation of Hg-contaminated soils through plant-microbe interactions. Furthermore, it highlights the critical role of microbes in enhancing the effectiveness of transgenic plants for Hg remediation, aiming to provide a theoretical foundation and scientific basis for the bioremediation of Hg-contaminated soils.
Mercury/toxicity* ; Biodegradation, Environmental ; Soil Pollutants/isolation & purification* ; Soil Microbiology ; Plants, Genetically Modified/metabolism* ; Bacteria/genetics*

Objective:To explore the genetic etiology and clinical phenotype of a child with Triadin knockout syndrome (TKOS), and to review the relevant literature of TKOS patients due to variants of TRDN gene. Methods:A child who was admitted to the Children′s Hospital of Xi′an Jiaotong University on March 19, 2023 due to sudden cardiac arrest 3 days earlier was selected as the study subject. Peripheral blood samples (2 to 3 mL) were collected from the child and her parents for the extraction of genomic DNA and whole exome sequencing (WES). Pathogenic variants were searched from databases such as the Genome Aggregation Database (gnomAD) and Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (OMIM), and were assessed based on the guidelines from the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics (ACMG). Sanger sequencing was carried out for family validation of the pathogenic variants. Using keywords such as " arrhythmias" " TRDN" and " Triadin" both in Chinese and English, relevant literature on TKOS patients due to variants of the TRDN gene was retrieved from the CNKI, Wanfang Data Knowledge Service Platform, and PubMed databases, and the time of literature retrieval was set from January 1, 2012 to December 1, 2023. This study has been approved by the Ethics Committee of the Affiliated Children′s Hospital of Xi′an Jiaotong University (No. 20230097), and informed consent was obtained from the parents of the child. Results:The child had experienced syncope and cardiac arrest after exercise. Electrocardiographic examination revealed QTc interval prolongation, T-wave inversion in precordial leads V1-V3, polymorphic ventricular premature beat (VPB), and ventricular tachycardia (VT) along with increased heart rate. WES and Sanger sequencing revealed that the child has harbored a homozygous c.463del(p.E155Kfs*20) variant of the TRDN gene, for which both of the parents were heterozygous. Based on the guidelines from the ACMG, the variant was classified as pathogenic (PVS1+ PM2+ PM3). The child was ultimately diagnosed with TKOS. In total 12 publications on TOKS cases caused by TRDN gene variants were retrieved, which involved 30 patients and 28 carriers of single heterozygous variant of the TRDN gene. Among the 30 TKOS patients, 20 had carried homozygous variants of the TRDN gene, and 10 had carried compound heterozygous variants, and all had exhibited significant clinical phenotype of arrhythmia, with most cases had experienced malignant arrhythmia induced by exercise and/or excitement during infancy or early childhood, leading to recurrent syncope and cardiac arrest. Of note, none of the 28 carriers of single heterozygous variant had abnormal clinical phenotype. Conclusion:The homozygous c.463del(p.E155Kfs20) variant of the TRDN gene probably underlay the pathogenesis of cardiac arrest in this child. Above discovery has enriched the mutational spectrum of the TRDN gene.This mutation may represent a genetic cause for cardiac arrest in children with TKOS.

Aquaporin 5(AQP5),as the main water transport protein in the body,can regulate lung diseases by regulating airway mucus secretion,pulmonary inflammation,and lung function.Programmed cell death(PCD)plays a crucial role in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD).AQP5 may affect the development of COPD by regulating PCDs.This article reviews the molecular regulatory mechanism of AQP5 on apoptosis,autophagy,iron death and pyroptosis in PCDs in recent years,and further discusses its effect on COPD in order to provide theoretical support for clinical prevention and treatment of COPD.

Objective Viral encephalitis is an infectious disease severely affecting human health.It is caused by a wide variety of viral pathogens,including herpes viruses,flaviviruses,enteroviruses,and other viruses.The laboratory diagnosis of viral encephalitis is a worldwide challenge.Recently,high-throughput sequencing technology has provided new tools for diagnosing central nervous system infections.Thus,In this study,we established a multipathogen detection platform for viral encephalitis based on amplicon sequencing. Methods We designed nine pairs of specific polymerase chain reaction(PCR)primers for the 12 viruses by reviewing the relevant literature.The detection ability of the primers was verified by software simulation and the detection of known positive samples.Amplicon sequencing was used to validate the samples,and consistency was compared with Sanger sequencing. Results The results showed that the target sequences of various pathogens were obtained at a coverage depth level greater than 20×,and the sequence lengths were consistent with the sizes of the predicted amplicons.The sequences were verified using the National Center for Biotechnology Information BLAST,and all results were consistent with the results of Sanger sequencing. Conclusion Amplicon-based high-throughput sequencing technology is feasible as a supplementary method for the pathogenic detection of viral encephalitis.It is also a useful tool for the high-volume screening of clinical samples.