ObjectiveBased on literature data mining， this study explores the modeling elements of diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome （IBS-D） animal models in China and abroad， providing references and suggestions for improving modeling methods and evaluation indicators. MethodsRelevant literature on IBS-D animal experiments from 2014 to 2024 was retrieved through computer searches in databases such as China National Knowledge Infrastructure （CNKI）， Wanfang Data， VIP， Chinese Medical Journals Full-text Database， and PubMed. Information on experimental animal species， gender， body weight， modeling methods， modeling periods， intervention controls， modeling standards， and detection indicators was organized. Microsoft Excel 2021 software was used to establish a database and perform statistical analysis to examine the characteristics of IBS-D animal models. ResultsA total of 398 articles that met the inclusion criteria were reviewed. The IBS-D animal models were predominantly established using SD rats， Wistar rats， and C57BL/6 mice. Male animals were more commonly used， with rats typically aged 6-8 weeks and mice aged 4-6 weeks. In terms of interventions， piverium bromide was the main Western medicine， Tongxieyaofang was the primary Chinese medicine， and electroacupuncture was the primary acupuncture method. Among the modeling methods， the multi-factor combined composite modeling approach was the most common. Modeling periods were mainly concentrated between 1-14 days and 15-30 days. The success criteria for modeling were mainly evaluated based on the animal's general condition， fecal appearance， visceral sensitivity， gastrointestinal motility， behavior， and pathology. Detection indicators included apparent indexes， pathological markers， biochemical indicators， oxidative stress， brain-gut peptides， neurotransmitters， inflammatory factors， immune function， intestinal permeability， autophagy， apoptosis， proteins related to relevant signaling pathways， intestinal microbiota and its metabolites， etc. ConclusionThere are various methods for establishing IBS-D animal models， but no unified and universally accepted method has been established. The operation of the same modeling methods and the evaluation standards of the models vary across studies. Based on the results of data mining， the authors suggest that the multi-factor combined composite modeling approach most closely reflects the pathophysiological processes of IBS-D， better simulating the complex clinical symptoms of IBS-D patients， such as abdominal pain and diarrhea， and has a high degree of clinical relevance. This method is relatively recommended. While animal models in general align with Western medicine standards， models incorporating traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） syndromes are relatively few. Therefore， one of the future directions for research is to establish IBS-D animal models that meet the combined clinical disease and syndrome requirements of both Western and Chinese medicine.

Chagas disease(American trypanosomiasis)is a zoonosis caused by Trypanosoma cruzi,which severely affects public health.Recently,with changes in economic globalization and increased population mobility,this disease has gradually spread from the original Latin American epidemic areas to non-epidemic areas,such as Europe,thus showing a trend of globalization.The main trans-mission routes have changed from transmission via the Triatomine vector to blood transfusion transmission,mother-to-child transmis-sion,oral transmission,and other routes.Consequently,Chagas disease is spreading globally,and more people are increasingly vul-nerable to infection.This article retrospectively reviews research on the transmission routes of Chagas disease,analyzes the changing trends in transmission routes,and provides a scientific basis for the formulation and optimization of Chagas disease prevention and con-trol strategies from a One Health perspective.

Objective:To investigate the sero-conversion rate of HIV antibody and influencing factors in cross-border couples in Dehong Dai and Jingpo Autonomous Prefecture(Dehong).Methods:A cohort design was used to recruit HIV-negative people in cross-border couples in Dehong in 2017. Follow-up was conducted in 2023, and questionnaire survey and HIV test were carried out to calculate the sero-conversion rate of HIV antibody. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression models were used to analyze the influence factors for HIV infections.Results:A total of 36 278 HIV-negative persons in cross-border couples were included in the 2017 baseline survey, of whom 22 438 (61.9%) were tested in follow-up in 2023. The sero-conversion rate between 2017 and 2023 was 0.51% (115/22 438). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that length of marriage <6 years, Jingpo ethnic group, education level of primary school or below, drug use, illegal marriage and HIV infected spouse were the risk factors of HIV infection in male spouses, and length of marriage <6 years, Jingpo ethnic group, illegal marriage and HIV infected spouse were the risk factors in female spouses.Conclusions:The sero-conversion rate of HIV antibody in cross-border couples in Dehong was relatively high. HIV infection was mainly caused by secondary transmission in the couples, and men might also be infected through drug use. It is necessary to strengthen the registration and management of cross-border couples, especially the couples with discordant HIV infection status, and the intervention in drug users to reduce the risk for secondary transmission of HIV in the cross-border couples.

Objective To compare the therapeutic efficacy of a self-locking zero-notch interbody fusion device for long-segment cervical spondylosis in elderly patients with traditional titanium plate combined with interbody fusion device.Methods From Jan 2019 to Jan 2021,elderly patients(>60 years)with 3-4 segments(C3-C7)radiculopathy,myelopathy,or mixed-type cervical spondylosis underwent anterior cervical discectomy and fusion(ACDF)using a zero-notch interbody fusion device(Group A,n=24)and ACDF using a titanium plate combined with an interbody fusion device(Group B,n=18).We recorded the surgery duration,blood loss,incision length and hospital stay,measure preoperative and postoperative intervertebral height,functional segment height and cervical lordosis,and also observe treatment outcomes and postoperative complications between the two groups.Results There were no statistically significant differences between the two groups in terms of gender,age,Japanese Orthopaedic Association(JOA)score,visual analogue scale(VAS)of upper limb,Neck Disability Index(NDI),preoperative intervertebral height,functional segment height and cervical lordosis.Blood loss,surgery time and hospital stay were similar in both groups,but Group A had shorter incision length(P<0.01)compared with Group B.There were no significant differences between the two groups in JOA scores,upper limb VAS and postoperative NDI,and even in postoperative intervertebral height,functional segment height and cervical lordosis recovery.Conclusion The zero-notch interbody fusion device is effective for treating long-segment cervical spondylosis.Compared with the traditional titanium plate combined with an interbody fusion device,it can avoid postoperative dysphagia with smaller incision and shorter surgery time,which makes it more suitable for elderly patients.

Body weight abnormalities, including overweight, obesity, and underweight, have become a dual public health challenge in Chinese adults: overweight and obesity lead to a variety of chronic complications, while underweight increases the risks of malnutrition, sarcopenia, and organ dysfunction. To systematically address these issues, multidisciplinary experts in endocrinology, sports science, nutrition, and psychiatry from various regions have held multiple weight management seminars. Based on the latest epidemiological data and clinical evidence, they expanded the guideline to include assessment and intervention strategies for underweight, in addition to the core content of obesity management. This guideline outlines the etiological mechanisms, evaluation methods, and multidimensional management strategies for overweight and obesity, covering key areas such as diagnosis and assessment, medical nutrition therapy, exercise prescription, pharmacological intervention, and psychological support. It is intended to provide a scientific and standardized approach to weight management across the adult population, aiming to curb the rising prevalence of obesity, mitigate complications associated with abnormal body weight, and improve nutritional status and overall quality of life.

Objective This study sought to establish a diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome(IBS-D)mouse model by gavage different mass concentrations sennae folium combined with chronic restraint stress,and to determine the appropriate mass concentration of sennae folium to establish IBS-D mouse model.Methods The mass concentration of sennae folium used for the IBS-D mouse model followed suggested amounts in the literature and on that basis,the mass concentration gradient was established prior to conducting the experiment.Female C57BL/6 mice were divided into a normal group(Group N),a low-dose group(Group L;0.25 g/mL sennae solution),a medium-dose group(Group M;0.50 g/mL sennae solution),and a high-dose group(Group H;1.0 g/mL sennae solution),with 10 mice per group.After 14 days,the defecation,diarrhea index,visceral sensitivity,and morphological changes in the colonic tissue in each group were observed and recorded to compare the differences among models established with varying mass concentrations of sennae folium.Results Compared with Group N(42.90±11.90)%,Group L(80.30±5.77)%,Group M(80.50±3.44)%,and Group H(81.90±2.68)%had significantly higher 6 h fecal water content(P＜0.01).Compared with Group N(0.00±0.00),the diarrhea index of mice in Group L(0.57±0.16),Group M(0.62±0.23),and Group H(0.60,0.23)also increased significantly(P＜0.01).Compared with Group N(0.65(0.60,0.65)),Group M(0.32(0.24,0.39))and Group H(0.34(0.27,0.47))had significantly lower visceral pain threshold and higher visceral sensitivity(P＜0.01).Additionally,the first blue stool time in Group M(98.15(93.41,100.44)min)was significantly shorter than that in Group N(186.81(109.28,192.05)min)(P＜0.01),and the total number of stools in Group M(22.4±3.73)was significantly higher than that in Group N(17.90±4.48)(P＜0.05).Conclusions Compared with 0.25 and 1.0 g/mL,0.50 g/mL sennae folium gavage,combined with chronic restraint stress,can better simulate the clinical symptoms of IBS-D.

Objective:To investigate the sero-conversion rate of HIV antibody and influencing factors in cross-border couples in Dehong Dai and Jingpo Autonomous Prefecture(Dehong).Methods:A cohort design was used to recruit HIV-negative people in cross-border couples in Dehong in 2017. Follow-up was conducted in 2023, and questionnaire survey and HIV test were carried out to calculate the sero-conversion rate of HIV antibody. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression models were used to analyze the influence factors for HIV infections.Results:A total of 36 278 HIV-negative persons in cross-border couples were included in the 2017 baseline survey, of whom 22 438 (61.9%) were tested in follow-up in 2023. The sero-conversion rate between 2017 and 2023 was 0.51% (115/22 438). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that length of marriage <6 years, Jingpo ethnic group, education level of primary school or below, drug use, illegal marriage and HIV infected spouse were the risk factors of HIV infection in male spouses, and length of marriage <6 years, Jingpo ethnic group, illegal marriage and HIV infected spouse were the risk factors in female spouses.Conclusions:The sero-conversion rate of HIV antibody in cross-border couples in Dehong was relatively high. HIV infection was mainly caused by secondary transmission in the couples, and men might also be infected through drug use. It is necessary to strengthen the registration and management of cross-border couples, especially the couples with discordant HIV infection status, and the intervention in drug users to reduce the risk for secondary transmission of HIV in the cross-border couples.

Objective:To document any effect of combining transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) with peripheral magnetic stimulation (rPMS) to relieve shoulder pain in hemiplegic stroke survivors.Methods:Sixty hemiplegic stroke survivors with shoulder pain were randomly divided into a Central Group ( n=20), a Peripheral Group ( n=20), and a Combined Group ( n=20). In addition to routine pharmacological intervention and rehabilitation training, the Central Group received 10Hz rTMS over the M1 area of the affected hemisphere, the Peripheral Group received 20Hz rPMS at Erb′s point of the affected limb, while the Combined Group received rTMS followed by rPMS. Before as well as after 2 and 4 weeks of treatment, all were assessed using a numerical pain intensity rating scale (NRS), for passive range of motion (PROM) of the shoulder joint, and using the Fugl-Meyer upper extremity assessment (FMA). Results:Before the treatment there were no significant differences among the 3 groups. After 2 weeks there was significant improvement in the average shoulder PROM and FMA scores, and a significant decrease in the average NRS ratings. After 4 weeks there was continued significant improvement. After 2 and 4 weeks, the Combined Group gave significantly lower NRS ratings than the others and had greater average shoulder PROM improvement. The average FMA score of the Combined Group (36.10±13.32) after two weeks was significantly better than those of the Central and Peripheral groups. However, no significant differences were found between the Central and Peripheral Groups in the other measurements.Conclusions:Both rTMS and rPMS can relieve shoulder pain and promote the recovery of motor function, with superior synergistic effects observed in their combined application.

Objective:To document any effect of combining transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) with peripheral magnetic stimulation (rPMS) to relieve shoulder pain in hemiplegic stroke survivors.Methods:Sixty hemiplegic stroke survivors with shoulder pain were randomly divided into a Central Group ( n=20), a Peripheral Group ( n=20), and a Combined Group ( n=20). In addition to routine pharmacological intervention and rehabilitation training, the Central Group received 10Hz rTMS over the M1 area of the affected hemisphere, the Peripheral Group received 20Hz rPMS at Erb′s point of the affected limb, while the Combined Group received rTMS followed by rPMS. Before as well as after 2 and 4 weeks of treatment, all were assessed using a numerical pain intensity rating scale (NRS), for passive range of motion (PROM) of the shoulder joint, and using the Fugl-Meyer upper extremity assessment (FMA). Results:Before the treatment there were no significant differences among the 3 groups. After 2 weeks there was significant improvement in the average shoulder PROM and FMA scores, and a significant decrease in the average NRS ratings. After 4 weeks there was continued significant improvement. After 2 and 4 weeks, the Combined Group gave significantly lower NRS ratings than the others and had greater average shoulder PROM improvement. The average FMA score of the Combined Group (36.10±13.32) after two weeks was significantly better than those of the Central and Peripheral groups. However, no significant differences were found between the Central and Peripheral Groups in the other measurements.Conclusions:Both rTMS and rPMS can relieve shoulder pain and promote the recovery of motor function, with superior synergistic effects observed in their combined application.

Objective This study sought to establish a diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome(IBS-D)mouse model by gavage different mass concentrations sennae folium combined with chronic restraint stress,and to determine the appropriate mass concentration of sennae folium to establish IBS-D mouse model.Methods The mass concentration of sennae folium used for the IBS-D mouse model followed suggested amounts in the literature and on that basis,the mass concentration gradient was established prior to conducting the experiment.Female C57BL/6 mice were divided into a normal group(Group N),a low-dose group(Group L;0.25 g/mL sennae solution),a medium-dose group(Group M;0.50 g/mL sennae solution),and a high-dose group(Group H;1.0 g/mL sennae solution),with 10 mice per group.After 14 days,the defecation,diarrhea index,visceral sensitivity,and morphological changes in the colonic tissue in each group were observed and recorded to compare the differences among models established with varying mass concentrations of sennae folium.Results Compared with Group N(42.90±11.90)%,Group L(80.30±5.77)%,Group M(80.50±3.44)%,and Group H(81.90±2.68)%had significantly higher 6 h fecal water content(P＜0.01).Compared with Group N(0.00±0.00),the diarrhea index of mice in Group L(0.57±0.16),Group M(0.62±0.23),and Group H(0.60,0.23)also increased significantly(P＜0.01).Compared with Group N(0.65(0.60,0.65)),Group M(0.32(0.24,0.39))and Group H(0.34(0.27,0.47))had significantly lower visceral pain threshold and higher visceral sensitivity(P＜0.01).Additionally,the first blue stool time in Group M(98.15(93.41,100.44)min)was significantly shorter than that in Group N(186.81(109.28,192.05)min)(P＜0.01),and the total number of stools in Group M(22.4±3.73)was significantly higher than that in Group N(17.90±4.48)(P＜0.05).Conclusions Compared with 0.25 and 1.0 g/mL,0.50 g/mL sennae folium gavage,combined with chronic restraint stress,can better simulate the clinical symptoms of IBS-D.