ObjectiveTo establish a model that can quickly identify the aroma components in different parts of Nardostachys jatamansi， so as to provide a quality control basis for the market circulation and clinical use of N. jatamansi. MethodsHeadspace solid-phase microextraction-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry（HS-SPME-GC-MS） combined with Smart aroma database and National Institute of Standards and Technology（NIST） database were used to characterize the aroma components in different parts of N. jatamansi， and the aroma components were quantified according to relative response factor（RRF） and three internal standards， and the markers of aroma differences in different parts of N. jatamansi were identified by orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis（OPLS-DA） and cluster thermal analysis based on variable importance in the projection（VIP） value >1 and P<0.01. The odor data of different parts of N. jatamansi were collected by Heracles Ⅱ Neo ultra-fast gas phase electronic nose， and the correlation between compound types of aroma components collected by the ultra-fast gas phase electronic nose and the detection results of HS-SPME-GC-MS was investigated by drawing odor fingerprints and odor response radargrams. Chromatographic peak information with distinguishing ability≥0.700 and peak area≥200 was selected as sensor data， and the rapid identification model of different parts of N. jatamansi was established by principal component analysis（PCA）， discriminant factor alysis（DFA）， soft independent modeling of class analogies（SIMCA） and statistical quality control analysis（SQCA）. ResultsThe HS-SPME-GC-MS results showed that there were 28 common components in the underground and aboveground parts of N. jatamansi， of which 22 could be quantified and 12 significantly different components were screened out. Among these 12 components， the contents of five components（ethyl isovalerate， 2-pentylfuran， benzyl alcohol， nonanal and glacial acetic acid，） in the aboveground part of N. jatamansi were significantly higher than those in the underground part（P<0.01）， the contents of β-ionone， patchouli alcohol， α-caryophyllene， linalyl butyrate， valencene， 1，8-cineole and p-cymene in the underground part of N. jatamansi were significantly higher than those in the aboveground part（P<0.01）. Heracles Ⅱ Neo electronic nose results showed that the PCA discrimination index of the underground and aboveground parts of N. jatamansi was 82， and the contribution rates of the principal component factors were 99.94% and 99.89% when 2 and 3 principal components were extracted， respectively. The contribution rate of the discriminant factor 1 of the DFA model constructed on the basis of PCA was 100%， the validation score of the SIMCA model for discrimination of the two parts was 99， and SQCA could clearly distinguish different parts of N. jatamansi. ConclusionHS-SPME-GC-MS can clarify the differential markers of underground and aboveground parts of N. jatamansi. The four analytical models provided by Heracles Ⅱ Neo electronic nose（PCA， DFA， SIMCA and SQCA） can realize the rapid identification of different parts of N. jatamansi. Combining the two results， it is speculated that terpenes and carboxylic acids may be the main factors contributing to the difference in aroma between the underground and aboveground parts of N. jatamansi.

Objective:To analyze transcranial sonography（TCS）imaging characteristics of rats with 6-hydroxydopamine hydrochloride（6-OHDA）and explore the correlations between the imaging characteristics with motor deficits and pathological changes.Methods:Twenty-nine male SD rats were divided into 3 groups：8 in the no-treatment control（NC）group，10 in the Sham group and 11 in the 6-OHDA group. The model for Sham/Parkinson's disease（PD）was established by stereotacticly injecting saline/6-OHDA containing ascorbic acid to bilateral substantia nigra pars compacta（SNpc）. After three weeks，the models were stable. At the fourth week and seventh week，the behavioral testing was accomplished. The TCS examination was performed weekly at the same time for four weeks. At the eighth week，the rats were sacrificed for pathology.Results:①Behavioral testing：6-OHDA group showed asymmetric motor deficits and the difference was significant compared with the NC group and Sham group（both P<0.001）. ②TCS examination：compared with the NC and Sham group，there were asymmetric substantia nigra hyperechogenicity（SNH）in 6-OHDA group（both P<0.05）；meanwhile the area of SNH in the left was significantly larger in the right side（ P<0.05）.No significant change in SNH area was found during the continuous observation period of weeks 4-7. For 6-OHDA group，the area of SNH was negatively correlated with the number of forelimb wall-touches（ r=-0.825， P＜0.001）. ③Pathological examination：compared with NC group and sham group，the substantia nigra（SN）of 6-OHDA group showed a series of pathological events，including dopaminergic（DA）neurons asymmetrically decreasing，asymmetric ironion deposition and the number of active microglia increasing（all P＜0.05）. Correlation analysis showed that the area of SNH was negatively correlated with the number of DA neurons survivors（ r=-0.689， P=0.013），while the activation of microglial and the deposition of iron were positively correlated with the area of SNH（ r=0.915，0.735；all P＜0.001）. Conclusions:Asymmetric SNH of 6-OHDA PD rats is a representation of asymmetric motor deficits，and the mechanism is related to a catalogue of asymmetric pathological changes in SN，which comprise DA neurons decreasing，asymmetric iron ions deposition，microglial activating.

Objective: To explore the prospective association between multidimensional sleep indicators and the risk of newlyonset dental caries, providing a reference for childrens oral healthrelated sleep intervention. Methods: In October 2021, 1 417 students in grades 1 to 4 (aged 6 to 11) from two elementary schools in Bengbu, Anhui Province, were selected by cluster sampling method. Surveys and followup visits were conducted at baseline (T1), November 2022 (T2), May 2023 (T3), and November 2023 (T4), respectively, including parental questionnaires, oral health and physical examination. Bedtime, sleep duration, sleep midpoint, social jet lag, weekend catchup sleep, and sleep habits were collected and calculated. A multifactorial Cox proportional risk regression model was used to analyze the association between multidimensional sleep indicators and newlyonset caries in schoolaged children after 2 years. Results: The prevalence of dental caries in children was 65.1% at baseline, and the prevalence was 59.0% at the end of the 2year followup. Cox proportional risk regression model showed that for every 1point increase in the childrens bedtime resistance, nocturnal awakenings, parasomnias, and daytime sleepiness scores, the risk of newlyonset caries increased by 12% (HR=1.12, 95%CI=1.08-1.15), 22% (HR=1.22, 95%CI=1.15-1.29), 12% (HR=1.12, 95%CI=1.08-1.17), and 15% (HR=1.15, 95%CI=1.12-1.19), respectively; the risk of newlyonset caries increased by 23% for each 1 h increase in the length of weekend catchup sleep (HR=1.23, 95%CI=1.14 -1.33); compared with children who went to bed before 21:00 on school days, those who went to bed later than 22:00 had a 57% higher risk of newlyonset caries (HR=1.57, 95%CI=1.22-2.03). Compared to children who slept adequately (≥9 h/d), those with insufficient sleep had a 67% higher risk of new caries (HR=1.67, 95%CI=1.43-1.95) (P<0.01). Conclusions These findings suggest a significant association between sleep patterns/sleep disorders and the development of childhood dental caries. Incorporating sleep behavior optimization and sleep quality improvement into comprehensive caries prevention and oral health management protocols may represent a promising intervention strategy to enhance childrens oral health outcomes.

Objective To explore the mechanism by which the sanguis draconis flavones(SDF)regulates the reactive oxygen species(ROS)/thioredoxin-interacting protein(TXNIP)pathway to mediate cell pyroptosis and improve cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury(CIRI)in rats.Methods The experimental rats were randomly divided into the control group(Ctrl),the CIRI group,the low-dose SDF group(SDF-L),the high-dose SDF group(SDF-H),and the SDF-H+ROS/TXNIP pathway activator,trimethylamine oxide(TMAO)group(SDF-H+TMAO).Among them,except for the control group,the remaining rats all needed to establish the CIRI rat model by the modified suture method.Zea Longa scoring was performed on rats from each group.ELISA was used to detect the levels of serum inflammatory factors interleukin(IL)-1β,IL-18 and oxidative stress-related factors superoxide dismutase(SOD),malondialdehyde(MDA),glutathione peroxidase(GSH-Px).Flow cytometry was used to measure the ROS levels.Cerebral edema was detected.Cerebral infarction was detected by 2,3,5-triphenyl tetrazolium chloride(TTC)staining.HE staining was used to detect the pathological changes of brain tissue.Immunohistochemistry was used to detect the expression of pyrolytic effector protein dermolin D(GSDMD).Western blotting was used to detect the expression of proteins related to the ROS/TXNIP pathway.Results Compared with the control group,a large area of cerebral infarctions were observed in the brain tissue of the CIRI group,accompanied by mild hemorrhage and obvious infiltration of inflammatory cells.Neuronal cells underwent degeneration and necrosis,with sparse and disordered arrangement.The phenomena of nuclear condensation and nucleolus lysis were obvious.The Zea Longa score,cerebral infarction volume,brain tissue water content,levels of IL-1β,IL-18,ROS,MDA,and the expressions of GSDMD,TXNIP,nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor protein 3(NLRP3),apoptosis-related punctate protein(ASC),and Caspase-1 increased,while the activities of SOD and GSH-Px decreased(P＜0.05).Compared with the CIRI group,the pathological damage of brain tissues in the SDF-L group and the SDF-H group was significantly improved.The Zea Longa score,cerebral infarction volume,brain tissue water content,levels of IL-1β,IL-18,ROS,MDA,and the expressions of GSDMD,TXNIP,NLRP3,ASC,and Caspase-1 decreased.The activities of SOD and GSH-Px increased(P＜0.05);TMAO treatment partially reversed the improvement effect of SDF on CIRI in rats.Conclusion SDF ameliorates cerebral CIRI in rats by inhibiting ROS/TXNIP pathway-mediated pyroptosis.

[Objective]Patients with hepatic glycogen storage disease(GSD)have recurrent episodes of hypoglycemia.This study aimed to investigate and analyze blood glucose and biochemical indicators in pediatric patients with hepatic GSD,thus provide data support for hypoglycemia prevention and its clinical management.[Methods]A cross-sectional field study was conducted among patients with hepatic GSD treated in the Department of Pediatrics of Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital on July 14,2024.We collected the peripheral blood samples of the patients and their healthy family controls on site,then analyzed and compared their blood glucose and biochemical indicators.[Results]Of the 44 patients with hepatic GSD,there were 34 males and 10 females,including GSD Ib(n=14),GSD Ia(n=15),GSD Ⅲ(n=2),GSD Ⅵ(n=7)and GSD Ⅸ(n=6).The average age was 7.60(5.08-11.98)years.All patients were on uncooked cornstarch(UCCS)therapy.Of the patients,77.3%(34/44)had hepatomegaly,61.4%(27/44)had recurrent hypoglycemia,61.4%(27/44)had blood glucose≤3.9 mmol/L,18.2%(8/44)had blood glucose≤2.8 mmol/L,and none of the 8 cases was GSD Ib.The lowest blood glucose level was 1.19 mmol/L and no episodes of hypoglycemia occurred.Of the family control subjects,65.9%(29/44)had blood glucose≤3.9 mmol/L.There was no significant difference in hypoglycemia prevalence between hepatic GSD group and control group(P=0.658).The hepatic GSD patients had hyperlactacemia,hyperuricemia and hypercholesterolemia prevalence rates of 65.9%,45.5%and 9.1%,respectively,as compared with 18.2%,43.2%and 15.9%,respectively,for the family control subjects.No significant difference was found in the prevalence rates of hyperuricemia and hypercholesterolemia between the two groups(P=0.830 and P=0.334,respectively).[Conclusions]Asymptomatic hypoglycemia is common in patients with hepatic GSD,especially in non-GSD-Ib patients.It is necessary to optimize the diet management of UCCS,conduct dynamic blood glucose monitoring and follow a light diet,so as to decrease hyperuricemia and hypercholesterolemia,avoid and reduce the serious adverse reactions and complications caused by severe hypoglycemia.

Objective:To prospectively analyze and evaluate the clinical efficacy of fire needle acupuncture selection based on CT localization in the treatment of lung cancer-related cough.Methods:A total of 36 patients with lung cancer-related cough who were admitted to the Rehabilitation Hospital Affiliated to Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine from January 2020 to December 2023 were prospectively included as research samples.According to the random number table method,they were divided into control group(18 cases)and observation group(18 cases).The control group was treated with routine etiological treatment and symptomatic treatment,while the observation group was treated with fire needle acupuncture selection based on CT localization on the basis of the control group.The course of treatment was 28 days.The efficacy improvement rate after 28 days of treatment,visual analogue scale(VAS),le icester cough questionnaire in mandarin-Chinese(LCQ-MC)and levels of peripheral serum cytokines interleukin-6(IL-6)and interleukin-8(IL-8)before and after 28 days of treatment were compared between the two groups.Results:After 28 days of treatment,the efficacy improvement rate of curative effect,VAS score and LCQ-MC score in the observation group were significantly higher than those in the control group(P＜0.05).The levels of IL-6 and IL-8 in the two groups were significantly lower than those before treatment(P＜0.05),but there was no significant difference between the two groups(P＞0.05).Conclusion:The treatment of fire needle acupuncture selection guided by CT localization can significantly improve the therapeutic effect of patients with lung cancer-related cough,effectively reduce the cough symptoms of patients,improve the quality of life of patients,and alleviate the inflammatory response in the body.

Body weight abnormalities, including overweight, obesity, and underweight, have become a dual public health challenge in Chinese adults: overweight and obesity lead to a variety of chronic complications, while underweight increases the risks of malnutrition, sarcopenia, and organ dysfunction. To systematically address these issues, multidisciplinary experts in endocrinology, sports science, nutrition, and psychiatry from various regions have held multiple weight management seminars. Based on the latest epidemiological data and clinical evidence, they expanded the guideline to include assessment and intervention strategies for underweight, in addition to the core content of obesity management. This guideline outlines the etiological mechanisms, evaluation methods, and multidimensional management strategies for overweight and obesity, covering key areas such as diagnosis and assessment, medical nutrition therapy, exercise prescription, pharmacological intervention, and psychological support. It is intended to provide a scientific and standardized approach to weight management across the adult population, aiming to curb the rising prevalence of obesity, mitigate complications associated with abnormal body weight, and improve nutritional status and overall quality of life.

Objective:To observe the efficacy and safety of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) therapy in children with steroid dependent nephrotic syndrome (SDNS)/frequently relapsed nephrotic syndrome (FRNS).Methods:The clinical data of children with SDNS/FRNS who received treatment with prednisone acetate tablets were retrospectively collected from June 2019 to June 2023 in the Nephrology Department of Xi′an Children′s Hospital. The children were divided into glucocorticoid+ACTH group and glucocorticoid group, according to whether ACTH was used or not. The differences in cortisol, total cholesterol and 24 hour urinary protein quantity between 2 groups of children at baseline and follow-up endpoints were compared, and the effectiveness (the proportion of no recurrence and discontinuation of glucocorticoid) and occurrence of adverse reactions were evaluated.Results:A total of 39 patients with SDNS/FRNS were included in this study, with 21 cases in the glucocorticoid+ACTH group and 18 cases in the glucocorticoid group. Among the 39 children, there were 33 cases of SDNS and 6 cases of FRNS, respectively. The proportion of baseline low cortisol levels was 76.9% (30/39). The proportion of cortisol levels returning to normal after ACTH treatment in the glucocorticoid+ACTH group was 76.2% (16/21). The baseline and follow-up endpoint for cortisol levels in the glucocorticoid+ACTH group were 28.0(19.8, 51.5) μg/L and 79.9(58.9, 113.0) μg/L, respectively. The baseline and follow-up endpoint for cortisol levels in the glucocorticoid group were 21.0(15.8, 37.4) μg/L and 25.3(18.2, 51.4) μg/L, respectively. In the 2 groups of cortisol levels, there was statistically significant difference in the interaction effect between time and group ( Wald χ2=11.595, P=0.001), there was a statistically significant difference at the follow-up endpoint between the 2 groups ( Wald χ2=19.462, P<0.001), and the difference was statistically significant in the time effect of the glucocorticoid+ACTH group ( Wald χ2=21.100, P<0.001). The baseline and follow-up endpoint for total cholesterol in the glucocorticoid+ACTH group were 4.95(4.23, 5.26) mmol/L and 4.38(4.04, 5.24) mmol/L, respectively. The baseline and follow-up endpoint for total cholesterol in the glucocorticoid group were 4.80 (4.17, 5.28) mmol/L and 5.74 (5.04, 6.88) mmol/L, respectively. In the 2 groups of total cholesterol, there was statistically significant difference in the interaction effect between time and group ( Wald χ 2=9.842, P=0.002), there was statistically significant difference at the follow-up endpoint between the 2 groups ( Wald χ 2=12.187, P<0.001), the difference was statistically significant between the 2 groups in the time effect at baseline and the follow-up endpoint (glucocorticoid+ACTH group: Wald χ 2=6.488, glucocorticoid group: Wald χ2=7.112; all P<0.05). The baseline and follow-up endpoint for 24 hour urinary protein quantity in the glucocorticoid+ACTH group were 115 (105, 128) mg/d and 121 (113, 128) mg/d, respectively. The baseline and follow-up endpoint for 24 hour urinary protein quantity in the glucocorticoid group were 118 (113, 125) mg/d and 138 (119, 2 100) mg/d, respectively. In the 2 groups of 24 hour urinary protein quantity, there was statistically significant difference in the interaction effect between time and group ( Wald χ2=7.743, P=0.005), there was statistically significant difference at the follow-up endpoint between the 2 groups ( Wald χ2=7.779, P=0.005), and the difference was statistically significant in the time effect of the glucocorticoid group ( Wald χ2=13.331, P<0.001). The proportion of no recurrence (17/21) and discontinuation of oral glucocorticoid (16/21) in the glucocorticoid+ACTH group were higher than those in the glucocorticoid group (the proportion were both 6/18), and the differences between the 2 groups were statistically significant (the chi square values were 9.084 and 7.240, respectively; all P<0.01). No adverse reactions occurred in the glucocorticoid group. The incidence of adverse reactions in the glucocorticoid+ACTH group was 14.3% (3/21), of which 2 cases developed generalized urticaria and 1 case developed hypertension. Conclusions:ACTH has a good efficacy and safety in children with SDNS/FRNS. The results of this study need to be further validated by increasing the sample size and conducting multicenter studies.

Objective The aim of this study was to explore the acceptance and influencing factors of self-collected urine samples for human papillomavirus(HPV)testing in cervical cancer screening among eligible women,and to provide scientific evidence for promoting this testing in low resource areas.Methods A population-based cross-sectional study was conducted from 2022 to 2023 at the Maternal and Child Health Hospital in Shuangliu district,Chengdu City Sichuan Province.The study subjects were women aged 21 to 69 years old,and a customized questionnaire was used to conduct general information and acceptance surveys on the partic-ipants.Results A total of 2,062 women were included,with an average age of 51.58±9.34 years.Among them,1,501(72.79％)women believed that self-sampling urine was very easy.However,although 1,333(64.65％)women were still willing to accept doctor sampling as a cervical cancer screening method,only 729(35.35％)were more willing to accept self-sampling urine HPV testing.Age,educational level,annual household income,awareness of HPV,HPV vaccination status,and a sense of shame about the doctor's sampling process were all associated with the acceptance of self-collected urine HPV testing among women undergoing cervical cancer screening(P＜0.001).The results of multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that older women(OR=0.965,95％CI:0.951-0.979)and those who were not familiar with HPV(OR=0.760,95％CI:0.602-0.961)were more likely to undergo self sampling urine HPV testing,while those with junior high school education(OR=1.330,95％CI:1.053-1.682),high school education or a-bove(OR=1.990,95％CI:1.401-2.827),and a sense of shame towards the doctor's sampling process(OR=2.314,95％CI:1.706-3.142)were more likely to undergo self sampling urine for HPV testing.Conclusions Most women believe that self sampling urine for HPV testing is very easy,but compared to doctor sampling,only some women choose to self sample urine for HPV testing.Key health education interventions should be carried out for older and lower educated populations to promote acceptance of urine HPV testing.