Objective: To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of category C intestinal infectious diseases among children and adolescents in Shenzhen from 2012 to 2024 and the association with meteorological factors, so as to provide a scientific basis for the targeted prevention and control of infectious diseases for children and adolescents. Methods: Using data from the "Infectious Disease Reporting Information Management System" of the "China Disease Prevention and Control Information System" covering the period from January 1, 2012 to December 31, 2024, the study analyzed clinical and confirmed cases of hand, foot, and mouth disease, other infectious diarrhea, and acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis among individuals aged 6-19 years old to describe demographic and temporal characteristics. It used Joinpoint regression to calculate the average annual percent change (AAPC) and annual percent change (APC) to analyze incidence trends, and Spearman s correlation was combined to generalize linear models so as to assess the association between category C intestinal infectious diseases and meteorological factors. Results: From 2012 to 2024, a cumulative total of 61 019 cases of hand, foot, and mouth disease among children and adolescents, 58 498 cases of other infectious diarrhea, and 6 377 cases of acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis were reported. The AAPC in the incidence rates of these three diseases was 19.19%, 31.03% and 31.48 %, respectively(all P <0.05). Notably, the incidence of hand, foot, and mouth disease increased significantly after 2022 (APC= 133.66 %, P <0.01). The temporal distribution showed that hand,foot,and mouth disease was most prevalent in May,June and July (seasonal index of 2.39,3.64,1.97), other infectious diarrhea was most prevalent in February,March and December (seasonal index of 1.22,1.25,1.47), and acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis peaked in September and October (seasonal index of 4.22,2.16). Monthly average temperature could increase the risk of hand,foot,and mouth disease( β = 0.18 ,95% CI =0.11-0.25); as monthly average wind speed increased, the incidence of other infectious diarrhea ( β =-0.86, 95% CI = -1.50 to -0.22) and acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis ( β =-1.32, 95% CI =-2.60 to -0.05) both decreased (all P < 0.05 ). Conclusions Among children and adolescents in Shenzhen, category C intestinal infectious diseases remain prevalent throughout the year；the number of reported hand, foot, and mouth disease cases has shown an upward trend in recent years.Temperature and wind speed significantly affect the number of reported cases of three types with category C intestinal infectious diseases.

Diabetic kidney disease （DKD） is a microvascular complication of diabetes， with a complex pathogenesis， in which mitochondrial dysfunction is considered to be the core of DKD development. Taking mitochondria as a target to regulate mitochondrial energy metabolism， mitochondrial oxidative stress， mitophagy， and mitochondrial dynamic function represents a promising strategy for the DKD prevention and treatment， with good prospects in clinical application. Traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） has great potential to mediate mitochondrial dysfunction in the DKD prevention and treatment. This article deeply explores the intrinsic relationship between various forms of mitochondrial dysfunction and DKD， and summarizes the current research status of various Chinese herbal compounds and Chinese herbal formulas in targeting mitochondrial dysfunction for the DKD prevention and treatment. This article aims to provide new targets and strategies for the DKD prevention and treatment， and the research and development of TCM.

ObjectiveTo investigate the effects of different doses of uncooked corn starch （UCCS）， type 2 resistant starch， on intestinal mucosal barrier function in mice and to explore the potentional underlying mechanisms. MethodsTwenty C57BL/6 mice were randomly assigned to four groups and fed either a standard diet （control group） or diets supplemented with low （188.8 g/kg）， medium （314.8 g/kg）， or high （440.6 g/kg） doses of UCCS for 8 weeks. Body weight and disease activity index （DAI） were monitored. At the endpoint， colon length was measured； histopathological changes in were assessed via HE staining. The expression of tight junction proteins （ZO-1， E-cadherin， and Villin） in the colonic mucosa were detected using immunofluorescence. Serum inflammatory cytokines （IL-6， TNF-α， IL-1β， MIP-1α/CCL3） and fecal calprotectin levels were measured by ELISA. Gut microbiota alterations were analyzed via 16S rRNA gene sequencing and PICRUSt2 functional prediction. ResultsCompared with the control group， UCCS intervention across all doses significantly shortened colon length （P=0.000 5） and increased colonic inflammation scores （P=0.013 3）. Immunofluorescence revealed a significantly reduction in the expression and co-localization of ZO-1 and Villin in the colonic mucosa （P＜0.05）. Systemic inflammation was evidenced by significantly elevated serum levels of IL-6 （P=0.006 4）， TNF-α （P=0.000 1）， IL-1β （P=0.001 4）， and MIP-1α/CCL3 （P＜0.000 1）. Fecal calprotectin levels were also significantly increased during the early phase （weeks 1-2， P＜0.05）. 16S rRNA sequencing showed that UCCS significantly altered the β-diversity of the gut microbiota （P＜0.05）， characterized by the enrichment of butyrate-producing Clostridia_UCG-014， and the opportunistic pathogen Desulfovibrio， alongside a decreased abundance of immunomodulatory genera Akkermansia and Dubosiella. PICRUSt2 analysis suggested that UCCS modulated metabolic pathways related to energy metabolism， glutathione metabolism， and sulfur cycling. ConclusionLong-term or high-dose intake of UCCS may disrupt gut microbiota homeostasis and trigger inflammation response， thereby damaging the intestinal mucosal barrier. These findings suggest that the clinical or dietary application of UCCS should be cautioned regarding dose-dependent risks of intestinal injury.

ObjectiveTo establish a model that can quickly identify the aroma components in different parts of Nardostachys jatamansi， so as to provide a quality control basis for the market circulation and clinical use of N. jatamansi. MethodsHeadspace solid-phase microextraction-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry（HS-SPME-GC-MS） combined with Smart aroma database and National Institute of Standards and Technology（NIST） database were used to characterize the aroma components in different parts of N. jatamansi， and the aroma components were quantified according to relative response factor（RRF） and three internal standards， and the markers of aroma differences in different parts of N. jatamansi were identified by orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis（OPLS-DA） and cluster thermal analysis based on variable importance in the projection（VIP） value >1 and P<0.01. The odor data of different parts of N. jatamansi were collected by Heracles Ⅱ Neo ultra-fast gas phase electronic nose， and the correlation between compound types of aroma components collected by the ultra-fast gas phase electronic nose and the detection results of HS-SPME-GC-MS was investigated by drawing odor fingerprints and odor response radargrams. Chromatographic peak information with distinguishing ability≥0.700 and peak area≥200 was selected as sensor data， and the rapid identification model of different parts of N. jatamansi was established by principal component analysis（PCA）， discriminant factor alysis（DFA）， soft independent modeling of class analogies（SIMCA） and statistical quality control analysis（SQCA）. ResultsThe HS-SPME-GC-MS results showed that there were 28 common components in the underground and aboveground parts of N. jatamansi， of which 22 could be quantified and 12 significantly different components were screened out. Among these 12 components， the contents of five components（ethyl isovalerate， 2-pentylfuran， benzyl alcohol， nonanal and glacial acetic acid，） in the aboveground part of N. jatamansi were significantly higher than those in the underground part（P<0.01）， the contents of β-ionone， patchouli alcohol， α-caryophyllene， linalyl butyrate， valencene， 1，8-cineole and p-cymene in the underground part of N. jatamansi were significantly higher than those in the aboveground part（P<0.01）. Heracles Ⅱ Neo electronic nose results showed that the PCA discrimination index of the underground and aboveground parts of N. jatamansi was 82， and the contribution rates of the principal component factors were 99.94% and 99.89% when 2 and 3 principal components were extracted， respectively. The contribution rate of the discriminant factor 1 of the DFA model constructed on the basis of PCA was 100%， the validation score of the SIMCA model for discrimination of the two parts was 99， and SQCA could clearly distinguish different parts of N. jatamansi. ConclusionHS-SPME-GC-MS can clarify the differential markers of underground and aboveground parts of N. jatamansi. The four analytical models provided by Heracles Ⅱ Neo electronic nose（PCA， DFA， SIMCA and SQCA） can realize the rapid identification of different parts of N. jatamansi. Combining the two results， it is speculated that terpenes and carboxylic acids may be the main factors contributing to the difference in aroma between the underground and aboveground parts of N. jatamansi.

Objective To evaluate the drug-loading performance,biocompatibility,bone tissue compati-bility,and therapeutic efficacy of vancomycin(VA)-loaded hydroxyapatite(HA)/β-tricalcium phosphate(β-TCP)scaffolds in treating infectious bone defects in mice.Methods HA/β-TCP scaffolds were fabricated by using 3D printing technology,and VA was loaded onto the scaffolds via freeze-drying to create the composite VA/HA/β-TCP scaffolds.The scaffolds were observed by using scanning electron microscopy(SEM),and their encapsulation efficiency,drug-loading capacity,and release kinetics were assessed.An in vitro co-culture system was established with mouse embryonic osteoblasts(MC3T3-E1)and the scaffolds,The cells were di-vided into the control group(HA/β-TCP scaffolds)and the VA/HA/β-TCP group.Cell viability was assessed by using the methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium(MTT)assay,and osteocalcin(OCN)expression levels were meas-ured by ELISA at 7,12,and 14 days of co-culture.Antibacterial activity was evaluated through adhesion ex-periments.A mouse cranial defect model was constructed and implanted with the scaffolds for 4 weeks.Hema-toxylin and eosin(HE)staining was performed to observe material degradation and bone formation in the sur-rounding tissues.Results The VA/HA/β TCP scaffolds exhibited uniform pore size distribution and excel-lent drug-loading performance,with an encapsulation efficiency of 70.32％and an actual drug-loading rate of 30.53％,effectively loading VA.The scaffolds sustained VA release over 36 hours.Compared to the control group,MC3T3-E1 cell viability on the VA/HA/β-TCP scaffolds was significantly inhibited at 7 and 12 days of co-culture(P＜0.01),but no significant difference in proliferation activity was observed between the two groups after 14 days(P＞0.05).No significant differences in OCN expression levels were found in MC3T3-E1 cells on the VA/HA/β-TCP scaffolds compared to the control group at any time point(P＞0.05).The VA/HA/β-TCP scaffolds demonstrated strong antibacterial properties,with significantly reduced numbers of Escherichia coli in the co-cultured bacterial solution and on the scaffold surface compared to the control group(P＜0.001).Compared with the control group,the VA/HA/β-TCP group demonstrated significantly reduced cranial hemorrhage and inflammatory infiltration,alongside a marked increase in new bone tissue.Conclusion The VA/HA/β-TCP scaffolds exhibit excellent drug-loading performance,controlled drug re-lease,biocompatibility,antibacterial activity,and bone tissue compatibility,offering a novel approach for trea-ting bone infections.

Laccase is a type of polyphenol oxidase that can catalyze the oxidation of various substances,including phenols,aromatic amines,and catecholamines.It has been widely utilized in pollutant degradation and analytical applications.However,the high cost of preparation of natural laccase and its susceptibility to environmental factors,which can lead to denaturation and inactivation,limit its practical applications.Nanozymes,which are nanomaterials that exhibit enzyme-like properties,offer advantages such as easy preparation,adjustable activity,and exceptional stability.Currently,many types of nanozymes have been developed.Inspired by the coordination of Cu2+with amino acids in the active site of natural laccase,researchers have employed coordination synthetic strategies to prepare laccase-like nanozymes.The metal nodes in these laccase-like nanozymes include copper,manganese,and cerium,while the ligands involve a variety of chemicals like nucleotides,amino acids,polypeptides,and aromatic acids.By manipulating factors such as the metal-to-ligand ratio,reducing capacity of ligands,buffer solutions,chloride ions,bromine ions,the catalytic activity of laccase-like nanozymes can be finely tuned.In this paper,laccase-like nanozymes developed through coordination strategies were categorized and summarized,along with review of their analytical applications in detection of phenolic compounds,disease biomarkers,antibiotics,pesticides,sulfur-containing pollutants,and time-temperature indicators.Furthermore,the challenges currently faced in the research of laccase-like nanozymes and future research directions were discussed.

In this study,a sensitive lateral flow immunoassay(LFIA)platform based on carbon dots-mesoporous silica nanocomposite(CD-MSNs)fluorescent probes was constructed for high-performance detection of inflammatory marker interleukin-6(IL-6).Green fluorescent carbon dots(CDs)were prepared by hydrothermal method with 3,9-perylenic acid and 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane(APTES)as raw materials,and highly fluorescent CD-MSNs composites were then constructed by encapsulating the prepared CDs in mesoporous silica nanoparticles(MSNs).Fluorescent probes were prepared by covalent coupling of CD-MSNs with IL-6 antibody.Fluorescent immunochromatographic test strips were constructed by spraying IL-6 capture antibody and goat anti-mouse IgG on nitrocellulose membrane as detection line(T-line)and quality control line(C-line),respectively.The fluorescence immunoassay analyzer was used to quantitatively detect the fluorescence intensity of T-line,and the experimental results showed that the LFIA platform based on this probe had a good linear relationship in IL-6 concentration range of 102-106 pg/mL,and the detection limit was 64 pg/mL,which was two orders of magnitude more sensitive than that of the traditional colloidal gold test strips.This method effectively solved the issue of insufficient sensitivity of traditional LFIA technique,and provided a rapid and highly sensitive detection method for early diagnosis of inflammatory diseases.

Forensic medicine has been designated as a first-level discipline,presenting new opportunities and challenges for the development of forensic medicine.Since the 1980s,the establishment of foren-sic medicine discipline and the cultivation of high-level forensic talents have become hot topics in the development of forensic medicine in China.Since the 13th Five-Year Plan,the forensic team of Shanxi Medical University has been aiming at the forefront,proposing the development goals of"Five First-class"and the discipline development path"Six Major Achievements".It has selected benchmark disci-plines,identified gaps in disciplinary development,unified thoughts,formulated completion timelines,concentrated superior resources,assigned tasks to individuals,and created an"Organized Fill-in-the-Blank Format"forensic medicine discipline construction model with the characteristics of the new era.The construction model of forensic medicine has achieved good results in the goals,discipline frame-work,scientific research,talent cultivation,discipline team and platform construction,forming a rela-tively complete discipline construction and management system,and accumulating valuable experience for the construction of first-level discipline and high-level talent cultivation of forensic medicine.

TCM believes that the main pathogenesis of gastrointestinal dysfunction (GD) after laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) is spleen and stomach weakness, liver and stomach disharmony, liver depression and spleen deficiency, and intestinal depression. Moxibustion in the treatment of GD after LC can avoid the aggravation of gastrointestinal burden caused by oral drugs. The intervention methods mainly include suspension moxibustion, umbilical moxibustion, heat sensitive moxibustion, thunder fire moxibustion, warm acupuncture, partition moxibustion, etc. Moxibustion is often performed on the acupoints in liver meridian, spleen meridian, stomach meridian, small intestine meridian, large intestine meridian and Conception Vessel, such as Taichong (LR3), Ganshu (BL18), Yinlingquan (SP9), Zusanli (ST36), Tianshu (ST25), Wangu (SI4), Hegu (LI4), Zhongwan (CV12), Shenque (CV8) and Qihai (CV6). At present, most studies combined with moxibustion on the basis of conventional Western medicine treatment can significantly improve the efficacy, and have certain advantages in improving gastrointestinal motility decline, intestinal flora imbalance, first exhaust time, gastrointestinal hormone level disorder and intestinal mucosal barrier dysfunction. However, there are still some problems in the existing research: small sample size of clinical research, not perfect scoring scale, not unified treatment plan and operation standard, relatively scarce basic research, relatively simple acupoint research, lack of biochemical evaluation indicators, and the research of national moxibustion needs to be explored and improved in the future.