Yttrium-90 selective internal radiation therapy (⁹⁰Y-SIRT) is a treatment technique that delivers radioactive microspheres precisely to the arterial vascular bed of neoplasms, utilizing beta radiation to administer a high local dose of radiation to the neoplasm tissues. This technology has demonstrated significant efficacy in patients with unresectable pirmary liver cancers and liver metastases. This article systematically reviews the development history and clinical application status of ⁹⁰Y-SIRT in the treatment of liver cancer, and looks forward to future development directions.

ObjectiveTo establish a model that can quickly identify the aroma components in different parts of Nardostachys jatamansi， so as to provide a quality control basis for the market circulation and clinical use of N. jatamansi. MethodsHeadspace solid-phase microextraction-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry（HS-SPME-GC-MS） combined with Smart aroma database and National Institute of Standards and Technology（NIST） database were used to characterize the aroma components in different parts of N. jatamansi， and the aroma components were quantified according to relative response factor（RRF） and three internal standards， and the markers of aroma differences in different parts of N. jatamansi were identified by orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis（OPLS-DA） and cluster thermal analysis based on variable importance in the projection（VIP） value >1 and P<0.01. The odor data of different parts of N. jatamansi were collected by Heracles Ⅱ Neo ultra-fast gas phase electronic nose， and the correlation between compound types of aroma components collected by the ultra-fast gas phase electronic nose and the detection results of HS-SPME-GC-MS was investigated by drawing odor fingerprints and odor response radargrams. Chromatographic peak information with distinguishing ability≥0.700 and peak area≥200 was selected as sensor data， and the rapid identification model of different parts of N. jatamansi was established by principal component analysis（PCA）， discriminant factor alysis（DFA）， soft independent modeling of class analogies（SIMCA） and statistical quality control analysis（SQCA）. ResultsThe HS-SPME-GC-MS results showed that there were 28 common components in the underground and aboveground parts of N. jatamansi， of which 22 could be quantified and 12 significantly different components were screened out. Among these 12 components， the contents of five components（ethyl isovalerate， 2-pentylfuran， benzyl alcohol， nonanal and glacial acetic acid，） in the aboveground part of N. jatamansi were significantly higher than those in the underground part（P<0.01）， the contents of β-ionone， patchouli alcohol， α-caryophyllene， linalyl butyrate， valencene， 1，8-cineole and p-cymene in the underground part of N. jatamansi were significantly higher than those in the aboveground part（P<0.01）. Heracles Ⅱ Neo electronic nose results showed that the PCA discrimination index of the underground and aboveground parts of N. jatamansi was 82， and the contribution rates of the principal component factors were 99.94% and 99.89% when 2 and 3 principal components were extracted， respectively. The contribution rate of the discriminant factor 1 of the DFA model constructed on the basis of PCA was 100%， the validation score of the SIMCA model for discrimination of the two parts was 99， and SQCA could clearly distinguish different parts of N. jatamansi. ConclusionHS-SPME-GC-MS can clarify the differential markers of underground and aboveground parts of N. jatamansi. The four analytical models provided by Heracles Ⅱ Neo electronic nose（PCA， DFA， SIMCA and SQCA） can realize the rapid identification of different parts of N. jatamansi. Combining the two results， it is speculated that terpenes and carboxylic acids may be the main factors contributing to the difference in aroma between the underground and aboveground parts of N. jatamansi.

Objective:To investigate the association between blood selenium levels and sex hormones in Chinese men aged 18-79 years.Methods:Data were derived from the China National Human Biomonitoring survey conducted in 2017-2018, with a final sample size of 5 414 men. General demographic characteristics, behavioral habits, and dietary frequency were collected through questionnaires and physical examinations. Fasting blood samples were collected to measure blood lead, serum testosterone, and estradiol levels. Complex sampling linear regression models were used to analyze the associations between blood selenium levels and testosterone, estradiol, and the testosterone/estradiol ratio, adjusting for confounding factors including age, education level, marital status, smoking status, alcohol consumption, seafood intake, soy product intake, protein supplement intake, BMI, and diabetes status.Results:The mean age of the 5 414 participants was (46.85±27.91) years; 4 774 (91.65%) were of Han ethnicity and 4 505 (86.68%) were married. The median ( Q1, Q3) blood selenium concentration in men was 97.80 (80.64, 116.99) μg/L. After adjusting for confounding factors, the complex sampling linear regression model revealed negative associations between blood selenium levels and both testosterone levels and the testosterone/estradiol ratio, with a significant linear trend ( Ptrend<0.05). Compared with the Q1 group, the β (95% CI) values for testosterone in the Q2, Q3, and Q4 groups were -0.02 (-0.06 to 0.02), -0.03 (-0.08 to 0.01), and -0.06 (-0.09 to -0.02), respectively. Similarly, the β (95% CI) values for the testosterone/estradiol ratio in the Q2, Q3, and Q4 groups were -0.01 (-0.03 to 0.02), -0.01 (-0.04 to 0.04), and -0.03 (-0.06 to -0.01), respectively. Subgroup analysis indicated stronger associations between blood selenium levels and testosterone/estradiol levels in non-smoking and obese men (BMI≥28 kg/m2). Conclusion:Blood selenium levels are negatively associated with testosterone levels and the testosterone/estradiol ratio in Chinese adult males.

Objective:To explore the characteristics of peripheral retinal defocus distribution in adult myopia and its relationship with refractive error.Methods:A cross-sectional study was conducted.A total of 270 myopic patients aged 18 to 46 years were enrolled at Tianjin Eye Hospital from January to March 2024.Data from the right eye were included in the analysis.Spherical power and cylindrical power were obtained using an autorefractor and the spherical equivalent (SE) was calculated.Corneal curvature parameters including flap keratometry (K1), steep keratometry (K2), and average keratometry (Km) were measured using the Pentacam anterior segment imaging analyzer.Central corneal thickness (CCT) and axial length (AL) were measured using the IOLMaster optical biometer.Peripheral defocus within a 53° area centered on the fovea was assessed using multispectral refractive topography.Based on the peripheral defocus data, the distribution patterns were classified into four types: hemilateral upturn type, saddle type, crater type, and relatively flat type.Characteristics of different tpes and their correlation with diopter were analyzed.This study followed the Declaration of Helsinki.The study protocol was reviewed and approved by the Medical Ethics Committee of Tianjin Eye Hospital (No.KY-2024020).All participants voluntarily participated and signed the informed consent form.Results:Of the different types of peripheral retinal defocus, 186 eyes (68.63%) were hemilateral upturn type, 45 eyes (16.61%) were crater type, 36 eyes (13.28%) were relatively flat type, and 3 eyes (1.11%) were saddle type.The crater type exhibited the lowest mean SE of (-6.18±1.50)D, while the relatively flat type showed the highest mean SE of (-3.88±0.87)D.There were significant differences in SE and AL among different peripheral defocus types ( F=15.469, 17.928, 3.431; all P<0.05).The hemilateral upturn type had significantly lower SE and spherical diopter than the relatively flat type, and crater type had significantly lower SE and spherical diopter compared to the hemilateral upturn type and relatively flat type significantly, and the hemilateral upturn type had longer AL than the relatively flat type (all P<0.05).There was no statistically significant difference in CCT, K1, K2, or Km among different peripheral defocus types ( F=0.861, 1.761, 2.603, 2.248; all P>0.05).Spherical power was weakly negatively correlated with superior, inferior, and temporal peripheral defocus ( r=-0.269, P<0.001; r=-0.176, P<0.01; r=-0.292, P<0.001).Age was positively correlated with superior and temporal peripheral defocus ( rs=0.213, P<0.001; rs=0.181, P=0.003), and negatively correlated with nasal peripheral defocus ( rs=-0.138, P=0.023). Conclusions:Among adult peripheral defocus patterns, the hemilateral upturn type is predominant.The crater type has the lowest mean spherical equivalent, while the relatively flat type has the highest.There are negative correlations between spherical power and the superior, inferior, and temporal peripheral defocus.

Objective To investigate the effect of the rs3765467 polymorphism of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor(GLP-1R)gene on the efficacy of Liraglutide(Lir)in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)and metabolic associated fatty liver disease(MAFLD).Methods A total of 281 patients with T2DM from May 2022 to May 2023 were selected,including 125 patients with simple T2DM(T2DM group)and 156 patients with T2DM combined with MAFLD(T2DM+MAFLD group).120 healthy individuals during the same period were selected as the control(NC)group.The related indexes of glucose and lipid metabolism were detected.The polymorphism of GLP-1R gene rs3765467 was detected.Results BMI,FPG,HbA1c,HOMA-IR and TG in each group increased in turn(P<0.05),while the distribution frequency of genotype GG and allele G decreased in turn(P<0.05).TC and LDL-C in T2DM and T2DM+MAFLD groups were higher than those in NC group(P<0.05).TC and TG levels in genotype GA/AA patients were significantly higher than those in genotype GG patients(P<0.05).Compared with before treatment,the levels of BMI,FPG,HbA1c,HOMA-IR,TC,TG and LDL-C in T2DM patients with MAFLD were significantly decreased after Lir treatment(P<0.05).There was no significant difference in BMI and related indexes of glucose and lipid metabolism in GG and GA/AA patients before and after Lir treatment(P>0.05).Conclusions The distribution frequency of GG and G allele at rs3765467 of GLP-1R gene is reduced in T2DM patients with MAFLD.The carrying of allele A was associated with increased TC and TG levels,but did not affect the efficacy of Lir in reducing weight and improving glycolipid metabolism.

Under the new educational development trends,numerous universities are actively exploring the deep integration of digital information technology and artificial intelligence(AI)technology with teaching.Through a three-phase process involving stu-dents'pre-class AI-assisted online self-learning via knowledge graphs,interactive classroom teaching between teachers and students,and post-class collaborative enhancement,we explored intelligent visualization-assisted teaching,personalized learning,and multi-di-mensional,fine-grained formative assessment to help teachers offer differentiated attention and personalized guidance,encourage stu-dents'autonomous and personalized learning,enhance students'self-study capabilities.This teaching practice has achieved remark-able results in stimulating students'learning enthusiasm,broadening their knowledge base,and enhancing their self-directed learning capabilities.

Objective:To analyze the clinical characteristics and prognosis of children with hematological malignancies complicated by secondary hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis(HLH).Methods:A total of 67 children with HLH admitted to Jinan Second Maternal and Child Health Hospital between June 2020 and June 2024 were selected.Children without hematological malignancies were divided into the non-combined group,and those with hematological malignancies were divided into the combined group.The clinical characteristics and prognosis of the two groups were analyzed.Results:There were no significant differences in clinical characteristics such as WBC,Hb,PLT between the two groups(P＞0.05).During the follow-up,the 1-and 2-year overall survival(OS)rates for all children were(88.6±4.1)％and(73.1±7.7)％,respectively.In the non-combined group,43 children survived and 6 died,with 1-and 2-year OS rates of(95.2±3.3)％and(77.4±9.3)％,respectively.In the combined group,12 children survived and 6 died,with 1-and 2-year OS rates of(71.8±10.7)％and(62.8±12.6)％,respectively.The OS rate of the combined group was significantly lower than that of the non-combined group(x2=4.787,P=0.029).The 1-and 2-year event free survival(EFS)rates of the combined group were(61.1±11.5)％and(50.9±13.3)％,respectively.Conclusion:Children with hematological malignancies complicated by secondary HLH exhibit complex and diverse clinical characteristics.Although favorable short-term therapeutic effects can be achieved,their long-term prognosis tends to be less optimistic.

Aim To explore the effect of neurite out-growth inhibitor A/neurite outgrowth inhibitor receptor(Nogo-A/NgR)pathway on psychedelic-reduced pre-pulse inhibition in mice.Methods Mice were injec-ted intraperitoneally with psilocybin,DOI to establish an animal model of prepulse inhibition(PPI)reduc-tion.The effects of psilocybin and DOI on PPI in mice after lateral ventricular injection of Nogo-A inhibitor NEP1-40 30 min in advance were evaluated.Finally,Rtn4r knockout mice were constructed to further verify the conclusion.Results The injection of NEP1-40(1 g·L-1,5 μL/mice,i.c.v)30 min in advance had no effect on PPI of mice.Under the conditions of 70 dB and 75 dB prepulse stimulation,NEP1-40 significantly up-regulated the PPI reduction induced by psilocybin.At the same time,NEP1-40 significantly up-regulated the DOI induced PPI reduction in mice at 70 dB and 80 dB prepulse stimulation.Compared with the two solvent groups,the PPI of Rtn4r-/-mice was not differ-ent from that of wild-type mice.Compared with the mice in Rtn4r-/-solvent group,the PPI of mice in Rtn4r-/-administration group showed a decreasing trend,but had no significant difference.Under the con-dition of 70 dB prepulse stimulation,there was a signif-icant difference between the Rtn4r-/-administration group and wild-type mice.Conclusion Nogo-A/NgR pathway is involved in the destruction of sensorimotor gating in mice by the psychedelic psilocybin or DOI.

Objective:To explore the relationship between urinary cadmium levels and thyroid hormone levels in people aged 40-89 years old in selected areas of China.Methods:Based on the "Investigation of the Impact of Soil Quality of Agricultural Land on Human Health in Typical Areas" project from October 2019 to August 2020, a multi-stage stratified random sampling method was used to include 6 588 middle-aged and older adults aged 40-89. Demographic characteristics, dietary frequency and disease status were collected through the questionnaire and physical examination. Urinary cadmium and urinary creatinine were detected by random midstream urine. Fasting venous blood was collected for the detection of Triiodothyronine (T3) and Thyroxine (T4). The linear mixed effects model was used to explore the association of urine cadmium levels with thyroid hormone levels. Its dose-response relationship was explored by using the restricted cubic spline.Results:The age of the subjects was (63.48±12.18) years, with males accounting for 51.28%. The M ( Q 1,Q 3) of urinary cadmium level, T3 and T4 was 2.48 (1.36, 4.42) μg/g·creatinine, (1.96±0.51) nmol/L and (113.75±29.11) nmol/L, respectively. The linear mixed effects model showed that the changes of T3 and T4 were 0.027 (0.009, 0.044) nmol/L and 2.019 (1.084, 2.953) nmol/L for each one-unit increase (natural logarithm transformed) of urinary cadmium. The restricted cubic spline showed that there was a positive nonlinear association between urinary cadmium and T3 as well as T4 (all Pnonlinear<0.05). Conclusion:In selected areas of China, the urinary cadmium level of middle-aged and older adults aged 40-89 years is positively associated with T3 and T4.

Objective To explore the biological mechanism of radiation resistance in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma(ESCC)and search for effective sensitization targets.Methods We retrieved 186 signaling pathways and related gene information from the MSigDB database.We also obtained RNA transcriptome data of ESCC patients using the Cancer Genome Atlas(TCGA)and Gene Expression Omnibus(GEO)databases.We collected clinical pathological characteristics and tissue samples of 97 ESCC patients in our hospital from 2013 to 2020.Gene set variation analysis(GSVA)was made to calculate KEGG signaling pathway score,radiotherapy resistance related signaling pathways were screened through random forest algorithm,key genes in the pathway were screened using DESeq2,and a radiotherapy efficacy prediction model was constructed based on support vector machine-recursive feature elimination(SVM-RFE).The results were validated through experiments such as Western blotting and clonogenic assay.Results Based on the KEGG signaling pathway and GSVA enrichment score,random forest analysis showed that in the TCGA and GSE45670 cohorts,the contribution of tryptophan metabolism pathway enrichment values to radiation resistance in ESCC was significantly better than that of the other pathways.DESeq2 analysis revealed that key molecules in the tryptophan metabolism pathway,namely,IDO1,ALDH1B1,AOC1,INMT,AFMID and ALDH7A1,were significantly differentially expressed in the resistant and sensitive groups of ESCC.Based on the SVM-RFE algorithm,the AUC was 0.77,which could accurately predict the radiotherapy efficacy of ESCC.Western blotting experiments showed that IDO1 was highly expressed in ESCC cells,and IDO1 inhibitor treatment significantly inhibited the survival ability and radiosensitivity of KYSE-410 cells.In the enrolled patients of our hospital,immunohistochemical studies showed that IDO1 was highly expressed in the radiotherapy resistant group of ESCC and was associated with poor radiotherapy prognosis in ESCC patients.In addition,further testing showed that the expression of IDO1 in patient samples from our hospital was positively correlated with its PD-L1 expression,but negatively correlated with the infiltration ratio of CD3/CD8 immune cells.Conclusion Tryptophan catabolism is associated with radiation resistance in ESCC,and the key enzyme IDO1 in tryptophan metabolism can be used as a therapeutic target for radiosensitization in ESCC.