Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease （COPD）， as one of the three major causes of death， is a complex systemic disease with high prevalence， high mortality， high disability， frequent acute exacerbations， and a variety of pulmonary complications. The pathogenesis is complex. Western medicine has no effective specificity scheme for a complete cure. However， multiple-component and multiple-target characteristics of traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） demonstrate significant advantages in COPD treatment through multi-link， multi-pathway， and multi-mechanism intervention. Therefore， exploring the essence of COPD pathogenesis and discovering effective TCM treatment drugs through the application of TCM principles and prescriptions is a key focus of modern research. Animal models are of paramount importance in medical research. It is the first consideration to select appropriate animals， adopt reasonable modeling methods to replicate stable animal models that closely resemble the clinical manifestations and pathophysiological characteristics of COPD， and use appropriate evaluation methods to determine the success of COPD animal models in experimental research. The core of experimental research lies in observing the intervention effect of TCM on COPD animal models， exploring the specific pathways and regulatory mechanisms of TCM on COPD disease， and finding TCM monomers， single herbs， and TCM formulas with definite curative effects. At present， animal model research on COPD mainly involves model establishment， model evaluation， efficacy observation， mechanism exploration， and other aspects. In recent years， there has been no systematic organization， update， and reflection on the relevant research on TCM intervention in COPD animal models. This study reviewed the selection of animals for the COPD model， methods for establishing COPD animal models， model evaluation methods， and the intervention effects of TCM on COPD animal models. It aims to grasp the current research status and identify existing problems for further improvement， in order to provide evidence and support for scientific research and clinical treatment of COPD.

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease （COPD）， as one of the three major causes of death， is a complex systemic disease with high prevalence， high mortality， high disability， frequent acute exacerbations， and a variety of pulmonary complications. The pathogenesis is complex. Western medicine has no effective specificity scheme for a complete cure. However， multiple-component and multiple-target characteristics of traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） demonstrate significant advantages in COPD treatment through multi-link， multi-pathway， and multi-mechanism intervention. Therefore， exploring the essence of COPD pathogenesis and discovering effective TCM treatment drugs through the application of TCM principles and prescriptions is a key focus of modern research. Animal models are of paramount importance in medical research. It is the first consideration to select appropriate animals， adopt reasonable modeling methods to replicate stable animal models that closely resemble the clinical manifestations and pathophysiological characteristics of COPD， and use appropriate evaluation methods to determine the success of COPD animal models in experimental research. The core of experimental research lies in observing the intervention effect of TCM on COPD animal models， exploring the specific pathways and regulatory mechanisms of TCM on COPD disease， and finding TCM monomers， single herbs， and TCM formulas with definite curative effects. At present， animal model research on COPD mainly involves model establishment， model evaluation， efficacy observation， mechanism exploration， and other aspects. In recent years， there has been no systematic organization， update， and reflection on the relevant research on TCM intervention in COPD animal models. This study reviewed the selection of animals for the COPD model， methods for establishing COPD animal models， model evaluation methods， and the intervention effects of TCM on COPD animal models. It aims to grasp the current research status and identify existing problems for further improvement， in order to provide evidence and support for scientific research and clinical treatment of COPD.

BACKGROUND:Previous studies have shown that Huaizhen Yanggan Capsule has anti-inflammatory,analgesic,and antioxidant effects,but the mechanism of drug efficacy and whether it has therapeutic effects on knee osteoarthritis have not been elaborated.OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects of Huaizhen Yanggan Capsule and its protective effect on knee osteoarthritis model mice.METHODS:(1)Experiment 1:The anti-inflammatory effect of Huaizhen Yanggan Capsule on mice was evaluated by ear swelling induced by xylene.The levels of interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α in ear tissues were detected by ELISA.The morphology of ear tissues of anti-inflammatory mice was observed by hematoxylin-eosin staining.(2)Experiment 2:The analgesic effect of Huaizhen Yanggan Capsule on mice was evaluated by hot plate analgesia experiment.The levels of 5-hydroxytryptamine,prostaglandin E2,bradykinin,and β-endorphin in serum of mice were detected by ELISA.(3)Experiment 3:The therapeutic effect of Huaizhen Yanggan Capsule on knee osteoarthritis was studied by injecting sodium iodoacetate into knee osteoarthritis model mice.The analgesic effect was evaluated by step analysis.The total antioxidant capacity kit was used to detect the total antioxidant capacity in serum.Micro-CT scan was used to analyze bone structure and bone volume fraction.The tissue morphology of articular cartilage was observed by hematoxylin-eosin staining and safranin O-fast green staining.The injury degree of articular cartilage was evaluated by modified Mankin's score.The expression of tumor necrosis factor α,interleukin 6,and type Ⅱ collagen in articular cartilage was detected by immunohistochemical staining.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)In experiment 1,compared with blank group,Huaizhen Yanggan Capsule group could significantly inhibit the degree of ear swelling(P＜0.05),and decrease the levels of tumor necrosis factor α and interleukin 6 in ear tissue(P＜0.05).(2)In experiment 2,compared with blank group,Huaizhen Yanggan Capsule medium and high dose groups could significantly increase the pain threshold(P＜0.05),decrease the levels of 5-hydroxytryptamine,prostaglandin E2,and bradykinin in serum(P＜0.05),and increase the level of β-endorphin(P＜0.05).(3)In experiment 3,compared with the model group,the stride length of mice was significantly increased(P＜0.05);the serum total antioxidant capacity was significantly increased(P＜0.05);the subchondral bone destruction was inhibited by Micro-CT scanning,and bone volume fraction was significantly increased(P＜0.05)in Huaizhen Yanggan Capsule group.The surface of articular cartilage was flat and the modified Mankin's score was significantly decreased by hematoxylin-eosin and saffrane-O-solid green staining(P＜0.05).The expression of type Ⅱ collagen was increased by immunohistochemical staining(P＜0.05),and the expression levels of interleukin 6 and tumor necrosis factor α were decreased(P＜0.05).(4)The results suggest that Huaizhen Yanggan Capsule may have anti-inflammatory,analgesic and joint protective effects.It can relieve the pain of knee osteoarthritis model mice,enhance the antioxidant capacity of the body,and improve the cartilage tissue morphology and the bone microstructure of subchondral bone,inhibiting the progression of osteoarthritis.

Objective To systematically review the safety of disialoganglioside(GD2)targeted therapies in the treatment of pediatric neuroblastoma(NB).Methods PubMed,Embase,Cochrane Library,CNKI,WanFang Data,SinoMed databases and ClinicalTrials.gov clinical trial registration system were electronically searched to collect clinical studies of GD2-targeted therapies for pediatric NB from inception to November 30,2024.Two reviewers independently screened the literature,extracted data and assessed the risk of bias of the included studies.Meta-analysis was performed by using R 4.3.1 software.Results A total of 21 studies involving 2,438 patients were included.Meta-analysis results showed that the overall incidence(95％CI)of serious adverse drug events(SADEs)in GD2-targeted therapies for pediatric NB was 51.67％(35.43％to 67.92％).The serious fever and alanine aminotransferase(ALT)increase were common with the incidence(95％CI)of 7.80％(0.80％to 18.85％)and 5.10％(2.02％to 10.55％)respectively.The incidences(95％CI)of grade 3 to 5 adverse drug reactions(ADRs):fever 18.81％(8.00％to 29.61％),pain 30.32％(16.21％to 44.44％),hypokalemia 18.96％(6.44％to 31.49％),ALT increased 10.41％(2.96％to 17.86％),hypotension 8.48％(3.78％to 13.18％),anemia 16.62％(5.97％to 27.26％),platelet count decreased 16.46％(5.55％to 27.37％),lymphocyte count decreased 10.42％(0.97％to 26.09％),neutrophil count decreased 13.37％(3.12％to 23.62％).Among the intervention subgroups,the incidences of grade 3 to 5 ADRs were relatively low in dinutuximab β group and GD2-chimeric antigen receptor T cells(GD2 CART)group.Conclusions The incidences of SADEs and grade 3 to 5 ADRs are high in pediatric NB patients receiving GD2-targeted therapy,which should be paid attention to.The safety profile of GD2 targeted therapies under development for pediatric NB are even better than those of GD2 targeted drugs already on the market,especially GD2 CART,which shows good safety potential.

To prepare monoclonal antibody to the N protein of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus(PRRSV),BALB/c mice were immunized with the purified N protein of the PRRSV-2 strain expressed by prokaryotic expression system.Mouse splenocytes were fused with myeloma cells using hybridoma technique,hybridoma cells were identified by indirect ELISA method and indirect immunofluorescence assay(IFA),and positive hybridoma cells were screened for subclones using the limited dilution method.The results showed that a monoclonal antibody cell line 4A7 was successfully obtained,and the results of Western blot and IFA indicated that the monoclonal antibody could accurately recognize the N proteins of type 1 and type 2 PRRSV.Mean-while,the N protein gene was truncated and expressed by prokaryotic expression system,and the amino acid sequence of the B-cell antigenic epitope recognized by 4A7 was screened as 51EKPHF55 using Western blot.Comparison of epitope amino acids in the N protein gene sequences of different strains revealed that the antigenic epitope 51EKPHF55 recognized by the monoclonal antibody 4A7 has no amino acid difference in the sequences of three subtypes among the PRRSV-1 strains and nine lineages among the PRRSV-2 strains,indicating a high degree of conservation.The results of the study provide a foundation the development of PRRSV diagnostic kits and novel vaccines.

Objective:To analyze the epidemiological characteristics and trend of hospitalization of the patients with herpes zoster in Beijing from 2017 to 2022.Methods:In this retrospective study, the information of hospitalization of herpes zoster patients were collected from all medical institutions at the first level and above in Xicheng, Changping, and Miyun districts of Beijing. The age and gender specific hospitalization rates and age-standardized hospitalization rates were calculated. Joinpoint regression model was used to explore the trend of the hospitalization rates, and the influencing factors of the hospital stay length and complications were analyzed.Results:The age-standardized hospitalization rate of the patients with herpes zoster was 10.82/100 000-18.43/100 000 in Beijing from 2017 to 2022 [annual percent change (APC) =5.86%, 95% CI: -2.80%-15.98%]. The age-standardized hospitalization rate of the cases with herpes zoster as the main diagnosis showed an upward trend (APC=11.35%, 95% CI: 7.21%-16.23%). The age-standardized hospitalization rate showed an upward trend in women (APC=14.34%, 95% CI: 7.95%-22.37%). The hospitalization rate showed a downward trend in age group 30-39 years (APC=-24.92%, 95% CI: -48.56% - -1.85%) and showed upward trends in age group 70-79 years and 80-109 years (APC=23.18%, 95% CI: 13.53%-35.58%; APC=4.90%, 95% CI: 1.18%-9.19%). Complications occurred in 66.28% (680/1 026) of the patients. The median hospital stay length was 9 (5,15) days, and the patients with high age (≥80 years) and two or more complications had longer hospital stay, which were 12 (6, 23) and 14 (7, 27) days respectively ( P<0.001). Conclusions:The hospitalization rate in women and the elderly aged ≥70 years with herpes zoster as the main diagnosis showed upward trends in Beijing in recent years. The elderly aged ≥80 years usually had longer hospital stay, showing a relatively disease burden level. More attention should be paid to development of intervention strategies, such as vaccine, for this population.

Body weight abnormalities, including overweight, obesity, and underweight, have become a dual public health challenge in Chinese adults: overweight and obesity lead to a variety of chronic complications, while underweight increases the risks of malnutrition, sarcopenia, and organ dysfunction. To systematically address these issues, multidisciplinary experts in endocrinology, sports science, nutrition, and psychiatry from various regions have held multiple weight management seminars. Based on the latest epidemiological data and clinical evidence, they expanded the guideline to include assessment and intervention strategies for underweight, in addition to the core content of obesity management. This guideline outlines the etiological mechanisms, evaluation methods, and multidimensional management strategies for overweight and obesity, covering key areas such as diagnosis and assessment, medical nutrition therapy, exercise prescription, pharmacological intervention, and psychological support. It is intended to provide a scientific and standardized approach to weight management across the adult population, aiming to curb the rising prevalence of obesity, mitigate complications associated with abnormal body weight, and improve nutritional status and overall quality of life.

Objective To investigate the current status of adverse drug reaction(ADR)monitoring in medical institu-tions under China's pharmacovigilance framework in Guangdong Province,and to propose evidence-based strategies for enhancing institutional monitoring capabilities.Methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted using a structured questionnaire devel-oped in alignment with national regulatory requirements and expert consensus.Data were collected from 65 medical institutions,including general hospitals,traditional Chinese medicine hospitals,and maternal/children's hospitals,across 21 prefecture-level cities in Guangdong.Descriptive and comparative analyses were performed to evaluate institutional practices.Results All 65 in-stitutions submitted valid responses.Among them,63(96.9％)had established standardized ADR reporting protocols,with 93.8％(61/65)delegating oversight to pharmacy departments.ADR data were predominantly collected via institutional informa-tion systems(67.7％,44/65),though these systems focused on passive reporting and basic data aggregation,lacking functional-ities for active signal detection or risk alert mechanisms.Significant disparities(P＜0.05)were observed across hospitals of dif-ferent tiers in reporting modalities,system sophistication,analytical frequency,and early warning implementation.Notably,mo-nitoring practices for conditionally approved drugs(e.g.,emergency-authorized therapeutics)exhibited systemic deficiencies.Conclusions To address these gaps,the following measures are recommended:Accelerating the adoption of intelligent monito-ring systems to enable real-time ADR detection and predictive analytics;Implementing tiered resource allocation policies to ensure equitable capability development;Establishing specialized protocols for high-risk pharmaceuticals,particularly conditionally ap-proved and fast-tracked drugs;Strengthening interdisciplinary training programs to improve pharmacovigilance literacy among healthcare practitioners.These interventions aim to foster a proactive risk management culture and advance patient safety within China's evolving healthcare landscape.

Aim To investigate the anti-Zika virus(ZIKV)mechanism of diterpenoid compound 9 from Euphorbia helioscopia in vitro.Methods The cytotox-icity of compound 9 was evaluated using the CCK-8 as-say.A ZIKV-infected Vero cell model was established,and the antiviral activity was assessed through RT-qPCR,plaque assay,Western blot,and immunofluores-cence.Furthermore,the mechanism of action was elu-cidated using multi-cell line validation,nanoparticle tracking analysis,cellular thermal shift assay,and mo-lecular docking.Results In Vero cells,compound 9 exhibited an EC50 of(3.95±0.15)μmol·L-1 and a CC50 of(272.12±8.56)μmol·L-1,demonstrating significantly higher antiviral efficacy than the positive control drug ribavirin(RBV).Its virus inactivation effect was time-dependent and could significantly re-duce viral load and plaque formation.Studies revealed that compound 9 altered the physicochemical properties of ZIKV particles,including reducing surface charge and increasing particle size distribution.Additionally,it significantly enhanced the thermal stability of the prM protein.Molecular docking analysis indicated that compound 9 formed a high-affinity interaction with the prM protein(binding energy:-38.52 kJ·mol-1)and stabilized its structure through hydrophobic interac-tions.Conclusion Compound 9 exerts in vitro anti-ZIKV activity by directly inactivating the virus,disrup-ting viral particle integrity,and targeting the prM pro-tein.

There are multiple signaling communication modalities for the biological activities of single cells or groups of cells. The elucidated modalities include neuronal electrical signal communication, long-distance communication mediated by hormones, and short-range signal communication secreted by cells into the extracellular environment, etc. Recently, many studies have shown that mechanical forces are also extensively involved in the information exchange between cells or between cells and the external environment, especially in the signal communication among epithelial cells or between epithelial cells and the extracellular matrix. The cell communication triggered by mechanical forces is instantaneous and rapid, and it affects various activities of both individual epithelial cells and epithelial cell clusters. The mediators of cell communication induced by mechanical forces include actin, myosin, cytoskeleton, and adherens junctions, etc. These mediators trigger processes such as ion flow, activation of signaling pathways, and regulation of transcription factors through mechanical signals, thereby interfering with cell behaviors. This article elaborates on the impacts of mechanical forces on epithelial cells from multiple aspects, including biological signals, three-dimensional folding, collective migration, cell metabolism, carcinogenesis, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition.