Objective To investigate the effects of Shengjiyuhong ointment on coagulation system,endothelial progenitor cells(EPCs)differentiation and Rho kinase activity in rats with thromboangiitis obliterans by inhibiting autophagy.Methods The rat model of thromboangiitis obliterans was established by injecting sodium laurate solution into the left lower limb artery.40 SD rats were randomly divided into sham operation group,model group,compound sodium aescinate gel group and Shengjiyuhong ointment group,10 per group.The pathological morphology of vascular tissue was detected by HE staining.The expression of autophagy related proteins was detected by Western blot,coagulation system parameters were detected by coagulation detector,EPCs differentiation was detected by flow cytometry,and Rho kinase activity was detected by immunohistochemistry.Results The expression of autophagy marker protein LC3Ⅱ/I,Beclin1,Rho kinase protein,the positive expression rate of CD34 in fibrinogen and EPCs of Shengjiyuhong ointment group were decreased,and the positive expression rate of serum prothrombin time,international normalized ratio,von Willebrand factor in EPCs and the expression of P62 in vascular tissue were increased(P＜0.05).The in vitro experiment showed that Shengjiyuhong ointment could reduce the expression of LC3Ⅱ/I and Beclin1,and increase the expression of P62 protein in injured endothelial cells(P＜0.05).Conclusion Shengjiyuhong ointment can effectively improve the coagulation function,promote the differentiation of EPCs and reduce the activity of Rho kinase in rats with thromboangIItis obliterans.The mechanism may be related to inhibition of autophagy.

Objective: To examine the association between the visceral adiposity index (VAI) and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in the pediatric population in order to improve risk stratification and prevention systems for chronic liver disease. Methods: A total of 510 overweight/obese children aged 6-8 years old were enrolled from the child cohort which was designed to study puberty, obesity, and cardiovascular risk (PROC), and complete data from liver ultrasounds and the VAI were obtained. Used Spearman s rank correlation coefficient, Chi-square tests, and Logistic regression analyses to explore the association between the VAI and NAFLD. Results: The detection rates of NAFLD for boys and girls were 25.9% and 11.1%, respectively. VAI for normal group and the NAFLD group were 0.43(0.31, 0.61) and 0.61(0.44, 0.87) in boys, and 0.74(0.56, 1.07) and 1.08(0.67, 1.51) in girls, respectively. Spearman s correlation coefficient analysis showed that triglycerides(TG), VAI, and the third quintile VAI group were positively correlated with NAFLD in both boys and girls(r=0.19,0.26,0.29;0.16,0.16,1.18,P<0.05), and high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) was negatively correlated with NAFLD in boys (r=-0.21, P<0.05). With advancing tertiles of VAI, the increasing trend in the NAFLD detection rate was statistically significant in boys and girls(Chi-square for trend were 21.77,7.66, P<0.01). The results of univariate and multivariable Logistic regression showed that, by taking the first tertile of VAI as a reference, the risk of NAFLD among boys was higher in the second tertile (cOR=2.59, 95%CI=1.15-5.86; aOR=2.33, 95%CI=1.01-5.36) and in the third tertile(cOR=5.73, 95%CI=2.62-12.53; aOR=4.87, 95%CI=2.15-11.03), where as the risk among girls was higher in the third tertile(cOR=4.43, 95%CI=1.40-14.00). Conclusion VAI is positively correlated with pediatric NAFLD. Higher tertiles of VAI were associated with an increased risk of NAFLD in overweight and obese children, which indicates that VAI can be used as an early predictor of NAFLD.

Objective: To understand the current situation and associated factors of unintentional injury among preschool children in Shunyi District, and to provide reference for the development of unintentional injury intervention measures. Methods: Three kindergartens in Shunyi district were selected through stratified cluster sampling method, and all the parents were surveyed online by self-designed questionnaire. Results: The proportion of low, medium and high risk assessment of unintentional injury in preschool children were 59.5%, 37.5% and 3.0%, respectively. Risk of unintentional injury increased significantly with age and grade(χ 2=12.35, 12.70, P<0.05). The risk of unintentional injury in inter-generational care (3.7%) was higher than that in parental care(2.4%). The higher the education level of the primary caretaker and family income, the higher level of unintentional injury risk(χ 2=11.23, 14.10, P<0.05).There were significant differences in the risk for burning, poisoning, other accidental injury, prevention of accidental injury and total score of unintentional injury among children of different ages and classes(F=8.26，5.61，4.95，6.15，7.86；9.88，8.39，4.25，6.27，7.55，P<0.05). There was statistical significance in burning risk between boys and girls(t=-4.27, P<0.05). There was statistical significance in unintentional injury prevention between children of different residence(t=9.11, P<0.05). There were significant differences in behavior supervision among risk among children of different ages and grades(P<0.05). Multiple linear regression analysis showed that education level of primary caregivers (college:B=-2.66, 95%CI=-4.69--0.63; bachelor degree or higher:B=-3.80, 95%CI=-5.90--1.70), annual family income (B=-2.82, 95%CI=-4.80--0.84) were associated with unintentional injury risk of preschool children(P<0.05). Conclusion Health education of unintentional injury prevention among preschool children should focus on the primary caretaker with low education and low family income, which is crucial for prevention of children s injury.

Background: This study aims to investigate the effect of integrin β1 on wound healing induced by adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs), as well as the corresponding mechanism. Methods: Integrin β1 was overexpressed in ADSCs. Thereafter, flow cytometry and transwell chambers technology were used to measure the endothelial-like differentiation (CD31 as a biomarker of endothelial cell) and cell migration, respectively. Western blot was used to detect the activation of PI3K/AKT, NF-κB and ERK signaling pathways. The effects of integrin β1 overexpression on healing time, healing rate and fibroblast number were further evaluated in the rat models of chronic refractory wound. Results: The overexpression of integrin β1 increased CD31+ endothelial-like cells (about 3.6-fold), promoted cell migration (about 1.9-fold) and enhanced the activation of PI3K (p-PI3K; about 2.1-fold) and AKT (p-AKT; about 2.2-fold). These effects were all weakened when PI3K/AKT pathway was inhibited by LY294002 treatment. In addition, the experiments in rat wound models showed that integrin β1 overexpression obviously shortened healing time (approximately 0.41-fold), increased healing rate (about 2.7-fold, 2.8-fold and 1.6-fold at day 7, 14 and 21) and increased the number of fibroblasts (approximately 3.1-fold at day 21). All of the above differences were statistically significant (p < 0.05). Conclusion Integrin β1 can promote the migration and endothelial-like differentiation of ADSCs by activating PI3K/AKT pathway and then enhance the function of ADSCs in promoting wound healing.

Objective: To understand the epidemic trend of tobacco use among junior middle school students in Shunyi District of Beijing in recent 5 years, and to provide scientific basis for formulating adolescent tobacco control strategies and intervention measures. Methods: The two stage sampling method was used to survey 3 junior middle school schools randomly selected from Shunyi District, Beijing, in November 2013, December 2015 and November 2017. The number of students surveyed each year was 1 520, 1 404 and 1 467 respectively. Results: A total of 4 500 questionnaires were distributed and 4 391 questionnaires were valid, with an effective rate of 97.6%. The current smoking rate and the attempting smoking rate in Shunyi District junior high school students increased substantially, the difference was statistically significant(χ2=9.15, 11.54, P<0.01). The exposure rate of second-hand smoke among junior high school students in Shunyi District is increasing year by year. The current smoking rate and the attempting smoking rate of second-hand smoke at home and in public places were higher than those of non-exposed ones. The differences in the current smoking rates of junior high school students (χ2=25.86, 37.61, P<0.01) and the attempting smoking rate (χ2=49.51, 63-86, P<0.01) were statistically significant. The influence of Shunyi District junior high school students through different tobacco information access channels on the current smoking rate of junior high school students increased year by year. Different tobacco information access channels have significant difference in the influence of the junior middle school students’ attempting smoking rate(P<0.05). Conclusion The overall tobacco use of junior high school students in Shunyi District of Beijing is increasing by year. The exposure of second-hand smoke is not optimistic, and the supervision of tobacco information acquisition channels is urgent to be strengthened.

Objective To study the determinants of exercise behavior among the overweight and obese residents, so as to provide reference for policy-making and health promotion in the future. Methods The study only enrolled overweight and obese residents to conduct a questionnaire survey and physical examination including height, weight and waist circumference. The self-designed questionnaire based on Health Belief Model had acceptable validity and reliability. Structural Equation Modeling was used to analyze the determinants of exercise behavior after univariate analysis and correlation analysis. Result Totally 2 489 overweight and obese residents(1 182 male and 1 307 female)were included in this study. Their average age was 45.3±14.2 years and their median amount of exercise was 4 thousand-step equivalent with quartile of (0.5, 10.0); 22.9% of these residents never took any exercise. Males with high school and equivalent level of education and an income of 5 000 to 10 000 yuan, took more exercise than other demographic groups. Amount of exercise had a positive correlation with perceived benefits of exercise, perceived severity of disadvantage of low exercise and self-efficacy, while it had a negative correlation with subjective barriers and objective barriers. Structural Equation Modeling showed that perceived subjective barriers, objective barriers and self-efficacy were determinants of exercise behavior. Their total standardized effects on exercise behavior were-0.085 (P=0.020),-0.242 (P<0.001) and 0.184 (P<0.001) respectively.Those with higher self-efficacy and less barriers preferred to do more exercise. Indirect effect widely existed in the SEM and self-efficacy were the most important mediating variables of all the other significant determinants. Conclusion The overweight and obese residents are seriously lack of exercise, which need some targeted intervention, especially by improving their self-efficacy and reducing their objective barriers.

BACKGROUND:Previous studies of our research group have confirmed that the texture of porcine reticular dermis at lateral ventral part is softer and has more extensibility than other parts. Therefore, it may serve as the raw material of xenogenic aceluar dermal matrix. However, its comparison with human and rat reticular dermis has not been reported systematicaly in aspects of histomorphology and material characterization. OBJECTIVE:To compare the reticular dermis from the lateral region of porcine abdomen and rat dorsal part with the reticular dermis from human in histology, biomechanics, molecular structure, thermal stability and other properties. METHODS:The reticular dermis samples were taken from adult human, the lateral region of porcine abdomen, the back of rats, for gross observation. Paraffin sections were observed by hematoxylin and eosin staining and sirius red staining under a light microscopy. The relevant data of micrograph were measured by imagine analysis software. These samples were also vacuum-freezing dried and rehydrated, and then their mechanical properties were tested with a electronic tensile machine to calculate the Young’s modulus. Some vacuum-freezing dried samples were powdered and detected by Fourier transform infrared spectrometer and simultaneous thermal analyzer. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:There were no differences in colagen fiber bundle diameter of the reticular dermis from adult human and the lateral region of porcine abdomen, but the reticular dermis from the back of rats was thinner than that from adult human (P < 0.01). The gap between the reticular layer of the dermis of the lateral region of porcine abdomen was lower than that from adult human (P < 0.0.1); however, there was no difference in the gap between the reticular layers of the dermis of the rat back and adult human (P=0.17). Colagen fibers of porcine reticular dermis were arranged tightly in disorder; the content of type I colagen and ratio of type I/III colagen were higher than those in the reticular dermis from adult human (P < 0.05), but the content of type III colagen was less than that in the reticular dermis from adult human (P < 0.05). Contents of type I and III colagen and their ratio were similar between the reticular dermis of rats and adult human (P > 0.05). There was no significant difference in the Young’s modulus of the three kinds of reticular dermises. Hydrogen bonds involved in the reticular dermal colagen molecules ranged as folows: rats > swine > human. Rat reticular dermis has better thermal stability than that of swine and adult human.

Objective To evaluate the effects of gender and age on median-effective target plasma concentration(EC50)of propofol administered by target controlled infusion(TCI)causing respiratory depression.Methods Eighty ASA Ⅰ or Ⅱ patients aged 40-79 yr,with body mass index 18-25 kg/m2.undergoing general anesthesia were divided into 4 groups(n=20 each):1 middle-aged male group(MA);Ⅱ middle-aged female group(FA);Ⅲold male group(MO) and Ⅳo ld female group(FO).No premedication was administered.Propofol Was administered by TCI for 15 min,using TCI system incorporating Marsh pharmacokinetic model.EC50 Was determined by up-end-down sequential trial.The target plasma concentration(Cr)was set at 3.1μg/ml in the first Patient in each group.Each time Cr increased/decreased by 10%in the next patient depending on whether or not the respiratory depression occurred.Respiratory depression was defined as RR<8 bpm,Vr≤5 ml/kg,end-tidal PCO2≥50 mm Hg,SaO2≤94%and/or apnea≥15s.Results The EC50 and 95%confidence interval of propofol TCI causing respiratory depression were 6.40(6.09-6.72)μg/ml in group MA,5.93(5.54-6.34)μg/ml group FA,4.58(4.32-4.91)μg/ml in group MO and 4.37(4.14-4.61)μg/ml in group FO.EC50 was significantly lower in group FO than in group FA and in group MO than in group MA,but there Was no significant difference in EC50 between group MA and group FA or between group MO and FO. Conclusion The potency of propofol given by TCI causing respiratory depression is increased in the old patients as compared with the middle-aged patients and is not related to sex.

Objective To explore the expression and effect of MP0 and TGF-β1 in ulcerative colitis tissues.Methods The expressions of MPO and TGF-Bl in colonal tissue specimens were determined by immunohistochemistry(two step method)in 37 cases of ulcerative colitis,10 crohng disease and 20 normal mucosa.Results The positive rates of MPO and TGF.B1 were 10％and 20.0％in the normal mucosa,55.0％and 35.O％in crohn's disease,and 89.2％and 86.5％in ulcerative colitis.Expression of MPO and TGF-β1 in the ulcerative colitis were higIIer than that in crohn's disease and normal mucosa(P<0.05),there was correlation between MPO and TGF-β1(r=O.51,P<0.05).Conclusion MPO and FGF-β1 are involved in the pathology of UC,and detection of MPO and TGFβ1 can provide some value to evaluate the conditions of UC.

BACKGROUND: Handedness is always used for judging language dominant hemisphere. Chinese character is a sort of ideographic writing which is different from phonetic writing and the language-dominant hemisphere may also be different.OBJECTIVE: To analyze the relationship of handedness with languagedominant hemisphere of patients with cerebral infarction whose native language is Chinese.DESIGN: Case observation.SETTING: Department of Neurology, Hongqi Hospital Affiliated to Mudanjiang Medical College.PARTICIPANTS: A total of 400 cases of patients with cerebral infarction verified by CT and MRI were admitted in Department of Neurology of affiliated Hongqi Hospital of Mu Danjiang Medical College from February 2003 to June 2004. There were 249 male cases and 151 female cases of average age of (67.45±5.67) years old, with a course of disease of 2-4 weeks.METHODS: Handedness criterion made by Department of Neurology of First Affiliated Hospital of Beijing Medical University was used to judge handedness, and western aphasia battery was applied for classification of aphasia types.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Relationship of handedness with language-dominant hemisphere of patients with cerebral infarction.RESULTS: According to actual procession and analysis, all the 400 cases entered results analysis. ① There were 366 cases of right-handedness and 34 cases of non-right-handedness. ② There were 169 cases of patients with aphasia out of 237 cases of left hemisphere lesions and 9 cases of patients with aphasia out of 163 cases of right hemisphere lesions. ③ Among 366 cases of right-handedness, there were 158 cases of aphasia out of 218 cases of left hemisphere lesions and 7 cases of aphasia out of 148 cases of right hemisphere lesions. Among 34 cases of non-right-handedness, there were 11 cases of aphasia out of 19 cases of left hemisphere lesions and 2 cases of aphasia out of 15 cases of right hemisphere lesions. CONCLUSION: Among people whose native language is Chinese, most dominant hemispheres of right-handed people among patients with cerebral infarction are left cerebral hemispheres and few are right cerebral hemispheres; most dominant hemispheres of non-right-handed people are left cerebral hemisphere and few are right cerebral hemisphere.