ObjectiveTo understand the current situation and influencing factors of cognition level， as well as existing problems in the construction of medical science and technology ethics management among medical staff in five tertiary hospitals in Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region， to provide references for enhancing their awareness of medical science and technology ethics management and improving the quality of clinical research. MethodsUsing a self-designed and validated “Medical Science and Technology Ethics Management Cognitive Questionnaire for Medical Staff，” medical staff from five tertiary hospitals in five cities in Ningxia were selected as the research subjects for investigation. ResultsFinally， 436 valid questionnaires were collected， among which the total average score for medical staff’s cognition of medical science and technology ethics management was （61.58±12.96） points. The scores of ethics system cognition， ethics committee cognition， ethics education and training cognition， and ethics management informatization cognition were （14.18±2.84） points， （24.19±5.47） points， （15.07±4.00） points， and （8.14±4.42） points， respectively. Multiple linear regression analysis showed that age， work city， education level， professional title， whether they had assessed the implementation of the hospital ethics system， whether they had participated in the hospital’s ethics review work， and whether they had organized or participated the hospital’s ethics training， were all influencing factors on the cognitive score of medical science and technology ethics management among medical staff， which can explain 51.00% of the variation （P<0.05）. Medical staff considered that inadequate promotion of ethical systems， opaque ethical review procedures and processes， conflicts between ethical training time and work tasks， and the lack of a dedicated ethical review information platform were the main problems in constructing medical science and technology ethics. ConclusionThe cognition level of medical science and technology ethics management among medical staff in tertiary hospitals in Ningxia was generally not high and was influenced by various factors. Hospital managers should strengthen the publicity and training of ethical systems， as well as improve their implementation and supervision mechanisms； standardize ethical review procedures and processes， as well as build an ethical review information platform； increase investment in ethics education and arrange training time reasonably， to enhance the awareness of medical science and technology ethics management among medical staff and improve the quality of clinical research.

Microplastics(MPs)and nanoplastics(NPs)have become hazardous materials due to the massive amount of plastic waste and disposable masks,but their specific health effects remain uncertain.In this study,fluorescence-labeled polystyrene NPs(PS-NPs)were injected into the circulatory systems of mice to determine the distribution and potential toxic effects of NPs in vivo.Interestingly,whole-body imaging found that PS-NPs accumulated in the testes of mice.Therefore,the toxic effects of PS-NPs on the reproduction systems and the spermatocytes cell line of male mice,and their mechanisms,were investigated.After oral exposure to PS-NPs,their spermatogenesis was affected and the spermatogenic cells were damaged.The spermatocyte cell line GC-2 was exposed to PS-NPs and analyzed using RNA sequencing(RNA-seq)to determine the toxic mechanisms;a ferroptosis pathway was found after PS-NP exposure.The phenomena and indicators of ferroptosis were then determined and verified by ferroptosis inhibitor ferrostatin-1(Fer-1),and it was also found that nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2(Nrf2)played an important role in spermatogenic cell ferroptosis induced by PS-NPs.Finally,it was confirmed in vivo that this mechanism of Nrf2 played a protective role in PS-NPs-induced male reproductive toxicity.This study demonstrated that PS-NPs induce male reproductive dysfunction in mice by causing spermatogenic cell ferroptosis dependent on Nrf2.

Objective To investigate the expression of Sema4D in peripheral blood T cells and serum of patients with hepatitis B cirrhosis and its correlation with clinical indicators. Methods A total of 20 patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB), 68 patients with hepatitis B cirrhosis, and 20 healthy controls who attended The 940 th Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force of Chinese People's Liberation Army from October 2020 to November 2021 were enrolled. According to Child-Pugh class, the patients with hepatitis B cirrhosis were divided into Child-Pugh class A group with 24 patients, Child-Pugh class B group with 24 patients, and Child-Pugh class C group with 20 patients. After peripheral blood samples were collected to isolate serum and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), flow cytometry was used to measure the expression of membrane-bound Sema4D (mSema4D) + CD4 + T cells and mSema4D + CD8 + T cells in PBMCs, and ELISA was used to measure the expression of soluble Sema4D (sSema4D) in serum; their correlation with viral replication and liver inflammation markers was analyzed. A one-way analysis of variance was used for comparison of normally distributed continuous data between multiple groups, and the least significant difference t -test was used for further comparison between two groups; the Kruskal-Wallis H test was used for comparison of non-normally distributed continuous data between multiple groups, and the Mann-Whitney U test was used for further comparison between two groups; a Spearman correlation analysis was also performed. Results There were significant differences in the expression of mSema4D + CD4 + T cells and mSema4D + CD8 + T cells between the CHB group, the hepatitis B cirrhosis group, and the control group ( F =43.092 and 13.344, both P < 0.001), while there were significant differences between any two groups ( P < 0.05). The expression levels of mSema4D + CD4 + T cells and mSema4D + CD8 + T cells gradually decreased with increasing Child-Pugh class ( F =14.093 and 17.154, both P < 0.05), and there were significant differences between any two groups ( P < 0.05). The content of sSema4D was 1.54(1.42-1.71) ng/mL in the control group, 1.08(1.07-1.38) ng/mL in the CHB group, and 4.87(2.13-14.97) ng/mL in the hepatitis B cirrhosis group, with a significant difference between the three groups ( H =32.366, P < 0.001) and between any two groups ( P < 0.05). The content of sSema4D was 2.42(0.59-5.65) ng/mL in the Child-Pugh class A group, 4.92(2.75-12.73) ng/mL in the Child-Pugh class B group, and 14.18(4.59-18.43) ng/mL in the Child-Pugh class C group, with a significant difference between the three groups ( H =11.889, P =0.003) and between any two groups ( P < 0.05). In patients with hepatitis B cirrhosis, the level of sSema4D was positively correlated with the levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and HBV DNA quantification ( r =0.294 and 0.430, both P < 0.05). Conclusion Sema4D is lowly expressed on T cell membrane and highly expressed in serum of patients with hepatitis B cirrhosis, and sSema4D may be involved in the development and progression of hepatitis B cirrhosis by affecting the levels of ALT and HBV DNA.

Objective:To investigate the effect of different pressure balloon dilation combined with prying reduction and bone graft fixation in the treatment of thoracolumbar fractures and the risk factors of postoperative re-fracture.Methods:One hundred cases of thoracolumbar fracture patients admitted to Cangzhou Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Hospital in Hebei Province from March 2019 to June 2021 were selected. Prospective randomized controlled study method was used and random number table method was used to divide them into three groups: incomplete expansion group (33 cases), moderate expansion group (33 cases) and complete expansion group (34 cases). All the 3 groups were treated with balloon dilation combined with prying reduction and bone graft fixation. The pressure of balloon dilation in incomplete dilation group, moderate dilation group and complete dilation group was 100 psi, 150 psi and no more than 200 psi respectively, and the volume of balloon dilation was 0.5∶1, 1∶1 and 1.5∶1 respectively. The operation time, intraoperative bleeding volume, postoperative drainage volume, vertebral anterior margin recovery rate and hospital stay, as well as local Cobb angle, visual analog scale (VAS) and Oswestry disability index (ODI) scores before and after operation were compared among the three groups. According to the follow-up of whether there is re-fracture after surgery, the clinical data of the re-fracture group and the non re-fracture group were compared, and the risk factors of the re-fracture after surgery were analyzed. The measurement data with normal distribution was expressed as: independent sample t-test was used for comparison between two groups, one-way ANOVA or repeated measurement ANOVA was used for comparison between three groups, and SNK-q test was used for comparison between two groups. Counting data were expressed in cases or cases (%), and compared between groups by χ 2 Inspection. Logistic regression was used to analyze the risk factors of refracture after thoracolumbar fracture. Results:There was no significant difference in operation time, intraoperative blood loss and postoperative drainage volume among the three groups ( P=0.096, 0.328 and 0.344, respectively). The recovery rate of vertebral anterior edge height in moderate expansion group was higher than that in incomplete expansion group and complete expansion group ((84.15±4.21)% vs (70.18±7.44)%, (75.94±6.56)%), and the hospitalization time was shorter than that in incomplete expansion group and complete expansion group ((10.38±2.35) d vs (15.18±3.44), (14.59±2.48) d) (all P<0.001). Before treatment, there was no significant difference in Cobb angle, VAS and ODI scores among the three groups (all P>0.05). After treatment, the Cobb angle, VAS and ODI scores of patients in the three groups were lower than those before treatment, and the moderate expansion group were lower than those in the incomplete expansion group and the complete expansion group ((14.08±2.15) ° vs (16.48±4.85) °, (15.06±3.45) °, (1.81±0.53)% vs (2.25±0.41), (2.31±0.42), (18.16±2.18)% vs (20.48±4.85), (20.01±4.45) points) (all P<0.001). 100 patients were followed up until the fracture was healed. They were divided into re-fracture group (15 cases) and non re-fracture group (85 cases) according to whether there was re-fracture after operation. The results of multifactor logistic regression analysis showed that body mass index and bone mineral density were protective factors for patients with thoracolumbar fracture after operation (odds ratio was 0.66 and 0.15 respectively, 95% confidence interval: 0.51~0.86, 0.05~0.42, P values were 0.006 and <0.001 respectively), The old wedge-shaped change of the vertebral body and the abnormal structure of the lumbar spine are the risk factors for postoperative re-fracture (odds ratio 4.22 and 6.36, 95% confidence interval 1.14-15.56 and 1.43-28.21, respectively, P values were 0.027 and 0.015). Conclusions:In the treatment of thoracolumbar fracture with prying reduction and bone grafting fixation, the effect of balloon expansion pressure of 150 psi is better. Body mass index (BMI) and bone mineral density (BMD) were protective factors for postoperative re-fracture of patients with thoracolumbar fracture. Old wedge-shaped change of vertebral body and abnormal lumbar structure are risk factors for postoperative re-fracture.

Objective:To investigate the distribution of allergens in patients with allergic rhinitis （AR） in Ningxia, and provide theoretical data for the prevention and treatment of AR in this region. Methods:A total of 1664 patients diagnosed with AR in the Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery Department of Yinchuan First People's Hospital Outpatient Clinic from January 2018 to December 2021 were retrospectively collected. Use the allergen sIgE antibody detection kit （immunoblotting method） to detect inhalation and ingestion allergens in patients.Results: ①Among all AR patients, 1 158 cases were detected positive, resulting in the detection rate was 69.59%; ②The detection rate of inhalation allergen was 65.87%, and the detection rate of ingestion allergen was 19.83%; ③Mugwort was the most sensitive allergen, and 76.32% of the patients having a positive grade ≥3; ④Out of the patients, 294 cases （25.39%） were allergic to only one allergen, 244 cases （21.07%） were allergic to two allergens, and 620 cases （53.54%） were allergic to three or more allergens; ⑤During different seasons, the highest number of positive allergens detected was in the summer, with 968 cases （83.59%）. Mugwort was the main allergen during this season （69.01%）. After the COVID-19 epidemic, the total positive rate of sIgE tests in AR patients decreased compared to before, and the difference was statistically significant （P<0.001）; ⑥Mugwort, dog epithelium, mold combination, egg, peanut, soybean, Marine fish combination and fruit combination all showed statistically significant differences between different gender groups （P<0.05）; ⑦Common ragweed, mugwort, dust mite combination, cockroach, egg, milk, Marine fish combination, shrimp, fruit combination and nut combination all showed statistically significant differences among different age groups （P<0.05）; ⑧There were statistically significant differences in hay dust among different ethnic groups （P<0.05）. Conclusion:Artemisia argyi is the main allergen in Ningxia, and the distribution characteristics of different allergens are influenced by treatment season, the COVID-19 epidemic, gender, age, ethnicity, and other factors, showing certain distribution patterns and rules.
Allergens ; Artemisia ; COVID-19 ; Retrospective Studies ; Rhinitis, Allergic ; Skin Tests ; Humans ; Male ; Female

OBJECTIVE To establish a quantitative analysis of multi-components by single marker （QAMS） method based on a variety of internal reference substances for the content determination of 6 components in Jinlian qingre granules， such as mangiferin， 2″-O-β-L-galactopyranosylorientin， orientin， veratric acid， vitexin， harpagoside. METHODS The determination was performed on Agilent Eclipse Plus C18 column with mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile-0.1% phosphoric acid solution （gradient elution） at the flow rate of 1 mL/min. The column temperature was 30 ℃， and the detection wavelength was set at 270 nm. Taking orientin， vitexin and 2″-O-β-L-galactopyranosylorientin as internal references， the relative correction factors （RCF） of the other 5 components to be determined and internal substances were determined by QAMS. The contents of 6 components in 21 batches of Jinlian qingre granules were calculated and then compared with the results of the external standard method. RESULTS The contents of mangiferin， 2″-O-β-L-galactopyranosylorientin， orientin， veratric acid， vitexin and harpagoside in 21 batches of samples were determined by QAMS in the range of 0.234-0.516， 1.804-2.270， 2.143-2.606， 0.190-0.223， 0.594-0.782， 0.080-0.152 mg/g； the contents of them determined by external standard method were 0.235-0.523， 1.798-2.265， 2.137-2.599， 0.190-0.224， 0.597-0.786， 0.077-0.151 mg/g， respectively. The percentage difference between the results measured by the two methods should not exceed 4.00%. CONCLUSIONS QAMS has been constructed for the simultaneous determination of 6 components in Jinlian qingre granules based on a variety of internal reference substances. The results obtained by this method are not significantly different from those obtained by the external standard method， and can be used for the quality control of Jinlian qingre granules.

ObjectiveTo explore the anti-tumor effect and mechanism of Shenqi Yiliu prescription in the intervention of pyroptosis. MethodTen male BALB/c mice were randomly selected and assigned to the blank group. The remaining 40 mice underwent the induction of the liver cancer xenograft model. After 5 days of modeling， 40 surviving mice were randomly divided into model group， cisplatin group ［2.5×10^-3 g·kg^-1·（3 d）^-1］， Shenqi Yiliu prescription group （27 g·kg^-1·d^-1）， and a combination group （Shenqi Yiliu prescription group + cisplatin）. The mice in the blank group and the model group were treated with an equal volume of normal saline for 10 days. The general conditions of mice in each group were observed. After the intervention， the tumor weight of the mice was weighed and the tumor inhibition rate was calculated. Hematoxylin-eosin （HE） staining was used to observe the pathological changes in tumor tissues. The levels of mouse liver function indicators， including alanine aminotransferase （ALT） and aspartate aminotransferase （AST） were detected. The TdT-mediated dUTP-biotin nick end labeling （TUNEL） assay was used to detect DNA damage in mouse tumor tissue cells. Immunohistochemistry （IHC）， immunofluorescence （IF）， and Western blot were used to detect the protein expression levels of NOD-like receptor protein 3 （NLRP3）， cysteinyl aspartate-specific protease-1 （Caspase-1）， and gasdermin D （GSDMD） in tumor tissues. The levels of interleukin-1β （IL-1β） and interleukin-18 （IL-18） in tumor tissues were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA）. ResultCompared with the mice in the blank group， those in the model group were in a poor mental state， sleepy， and lazy， and their fur color was dull， with increased levels of serum ALT and AST in liver function tests （P<0.01）. Compared with the model group， the groups with drug intervention showed improved mental state， inhibited tumor growth to varying degrees， and decreased tumor weight， and the tumor inhibition rate in the combination group was the highest （P<0.01）. HE staining showed that the pathological and morphological lesions of the tumor tissues in the model group were significant， while those in all groups with drug intervention were improved to a certain extent. The karyolysis and nuclear rupture in the Shenqi Yiliu prescription group and the combination group were more significant. In the liver function test， the serum ALT and AST levels of mice in the Shenqi Yiliu prescription group and the combination group decreased （P<0.01）， and the inflammatory factors IL-1β and IL-18 in each group with drug intervention decreased （P<0.05， P<0.01）. Among them， the declining trend of IL-1β and IL-18 in the Shenqi Yiliu prescription group was the most significant （P<0.01）. TUNEL staining showed that the positive TUNEL staining in each group with drug intervention decreased after intervention （P<0.05， P<0.01）， especially the cisplatin group and Shenqi Yiliu prescription group （P<0.01）. Western blot， IHC， and IF found that the protein expression levels of NLRP3， Caspase-1， and GSDMD in each group with drug intervention decreased （P<0.05， P<0.01）. Compared with the mice in the cisplatin group， those in the Shenqi Yiliu prescription group and the combination group had better mental state and regular tumor morphology， and the tumor weight of the mice in the combination group decreased （P<0.05）. The levels of ALT and AST in the Shenqi Yiliu prescription group decreased （P<0.05）， and the levels of IL-1β and IL-18 in the Shenqi Yiliu prescription group and the combination group decreased （P<0.05， P<0.01）， especially in the combination group （P<0.01）. The results of IHC showed that the expression of GSDMD protein in the tumor tissues of mice in the combination group was reduced （P<0.01）. IF detection showed that the expression of NLRP3 in the tumor tissues of the Shenqi Yiliu prescription group was reduced （P<0.01）. The results of Western blot showed that the expression level of NLRP3 protein in the Shenqi Yiliu prescription group and the combination group decreased （P<0.01）， and the expression level of Caspase-1 protein in the combination group decreased （P<0.01）. The decrease in GSDMD protein expression was not significant， and the difference was not statistically significant. ConclusionShenqi Yiliu prescription combined with cisplatin has an obvious anti-tumor effect， which may be achieved by down-regulating the NLRP3/Caspase-1/GSDMD inflammatory pyroptosis pathway to inhibit cell pyroptosis， and relieve the inflammatory response in mice with liver cancer.

ObjectiveTo reveal the effects of different microbial agents on quality of Lycii Fructus by comparing the differences in the contents of multiple types of chemical components in Lycii Fructus after the application of different microbial agents. MethodTaking Ningqi No. 7 as experimental material， four microbial agents， namely Peiyuan combined with Xinterui（TP group）， Trichoderma harzianum combined with Bacillus subtilis（BW group）， Genwuyou（MT group） and Junyiduo（JYD group）， were applied， and no microbial agents was used as the blank group（CK group）. Then the contents of total phenolics， total flavonoids， saccharides， amino acids， nucleosides and bases， betaine and other components in Lycii Fructus were determined by ultraviolet spectrophotometry（UV）， high performance liquid chromatography（HPLC） and ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry（UHPLC-MS/MS）， and the methods such as multiple comparisons， principal component analysis（PCA） and partial least squares-discriminant analysis（PLS-DA） were used to analyze the effect of different microbial agents on the quality of Lycii Fructus. ResultMicrobial agents had different effects on chemical components of Lycii Fructus. The content of total phenolics was the highest in the TP group， and it varied significantly from the CK group（P<0.05）. The total flavonoid content was the highest in the BW group， followed by the TP group. Both polysaccharide and alduronic acid contents were the highest in the JYD group. Betaine content in the TP and BW groups were significantly higher than that in the CK group（P<0.05）. For the determined 23 kinds of amino acids， most of them were the lowest in the JYD group， and the highest in the MT group， while the nucleoside bases were higher in the MT and BW groups. It indicated that Lycii Fructus from different treatment groups could be distinguished clearly based on the determined 45 chemical components. The result of PLS-DA showed that the major differential components in each group were polysaccharides， glucose， fructose， betaine， alduronic acid， asparagine， sucrose， threonine， total flavonoids， alanine and total phenolics. The results of PCA composite scores based on the main differential components showed that composite scores of chemical components in each group were BW group>TP group>MT group>CK group>JYD group. ConclusionThe application of microbial agents of BW， TP and MT can promote the quality improvement of Lycii Fructus， and the application of JYD can promote the accumulation of polysaccharides and alduronic acid to a certain extent， but the overall effect on the quality of Lycii Fructus is not clear. This study lays the foundation for the green and healthy development of Lycii Fructus industry.

Objective:To explore the efficacy of balloon dilation percutaneous kyphoplasty (PKP) combined with prying reduction bone grafting in the treatment of thoracolumbar fractures, and its impact on patients′neurological function.Methods:The clinical data of 184 patients with thoracolumbar fractures from March 2017 to May 2020 in Cangzhou Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Hospital of Hebei Province were retrospectively analyzed. Among them, 86 patients were treated with balloon dilation PKP combined with prying reduction and bone grafting (combined group), and 98 patients were treated with open reduction decompression and internal fixation (internal fixation group). The intraoperative bleeding volume, surgical time, intraoperative fluoroscopy frequency, efficacy and complications were recorded. One year after surgery, X-ray films were taken to measure the height of the anterior border and posterior border of vertebral body and the Cobb angle, and the pain visual analogue score (VAS), Barthel index and neurological Frankel grade were evaluated.Results:The intraoperative bleeding volume and surgical time in combined group were significantly higher than those in internal fixation group: (205.64 ± 45.63) ml vs. (180.37 ± 30.08) ml and (110.22 ± 28.91) min vs. (81.66 ± 20.77) min, and there were statistical differences ( P<0.01); there was no statistical difference in intraoperative fluoroscopy frequency between the two groups ( P>0.05). The total effective rate in combined group was significantly higher than that in internal fixation group: 91.86% (79/86) vs. 79.59% (78/98), the total incidence of complications was significantly lower than that in internal fixation group: 13.95% (12/86) vs. 38.78% (38/98), and there were statistical differences ( P<0.05 or <0.01). The height of the anterior border and posterior border of vertebral body 1 year after surgery in combined group were significantly higher than those in internal fixation group: (95.78 ± 1.59) mm vs. (62.74 ± 1.80) mm and (98.53 ± 3.80) mm vs. (95.06 ± 3.28) mm, the Cobb angle was significantly smaller than that in internal fixation group: (6.53 ± 2.80)° vs. (18.06 ± 2.68)°, and there were statistical differences ( P<0.01). The VAS and Barthel index 1 year after surgery in both groups improved significantly, and there were statistical differences ( P<0.01), but there were no statistical differences between the two groups ( P>0.05). The rate of neurological Frankel grade E 1 year after surgery in combined group was significantly higher than that in internal fixation group: 56.98% (49/86) vs. 23.47% (23/98), and there was statistical difference ( P<0.01). Conclusions:Compared with open reduction decompression and internal fixation, the balloon dilation PKP combined with prying reduction and bone grafting patients with thoracolumbar fractures is better for vertebral reduction and deformity repair, with higher safety, more significant pain relief, and better recovery of daily life and neurological function.

With scarce resources, natural Bovis Calculus is expensive and hard to meet clinical demand. At the moment, four kinds of Bovis Calculus are available on the market: the natural product, in vitro cultured product, synthesized product, and the product formed in cow after manual intervention. In this study, papers on the four kinds of Bovis Calculus products and relevant Chinese patent medicines were searched from Web of Science, PubMed, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure(CNKI). CiteSpace, citexs AI, and CNKI were employed for bibliometric analysis and knowledge map analysis. On this basis, the status, trend, and focuses of research on Bovis Calculus and relevant Chinese patent medicines were summarized. The results suggested overall slow development in the research on Bovis Calculus and relevant Chinese patent medicines with three typical growth stages. It is consistent with the development of Bovis Calculus substitutes and the national policy for the development of traditional Chinese medicine. At the moment, the research on Bovis Calculus and relevant Chinese patent medicines has been on the rise. In recent years, there has been an explosion of research on them, particularly the quality control of Bovis Calculus and the Chinese patent medicines, the pharmacological efficacy of Chinese patent medicines, such as Angong Niuhuang Pills, and the comparison of the quality of various Bovis Calculus products. However, there is a paucity of research on the pharmacological efficacy and the mechanism of Bovis Calculus. This medicinal and the relevant Chinese patent medicines have been studied from diverse perspectives and China becomes outstanding in this research field. However, it is still necessary to reveal the chemical composition, pharmacological efficacy, and mechanism through multi-dimensional deep research.
Animals ; Cattle ; Female ; Bibliometrics ; Biological Products ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/therapeutic use* ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Nonprescription Drugs