Objective:To learn about the incidence of brucellosis in China from 2003 to 2024 and its ranking changes in the national notifiable Class A and B infectious disease reports, providing theoretical basis for improving brucellosis prevention and control strategies.Methods:Using retrospective analysis method, data on notifiable Class A and B infectious disease reports from 2003 to 2024 were collected from the official websites of the National Health Commission and the National Bureau of Statistics, along with annual national population data. The number of brucellosis cases in each year was counted, the incidence rate was calculated, and its ranking in the annual notifiable Class A and B infectious disease reports was determined to analyze ranking changes.Results:From 2003 to 2024, the annual reported cases of brucellosis in China were 6 448, 11 472, 18 416, 19 013, 19 721, 27 767, 35 816, 33 772, 38 151, 39 515, 43 486, 57 222, 56 989, 47 139, 38 554, 37 947, 44 036, 47 245, 69 767, 71 437, 70 439, and 67 418 cases, respectively. Among them, the lowest incidence rate in 2003 was lowest (0.50/100 000, national population: 1 292.27 million), and the incidence rate in 2022 was highest (5.06/100 000, national population: 1 411.75 million). The incidence rate in 2022 was 10.12 times that in 2003. From 2003 to 2024, the brucellosis incidence rate increased year by year (χ 2trend = 21 483.18, P < 0.001). From 2003 to 2005, the annual reported cases of brucellosis did not rank in the top 10 in notifiable Class A and B infectious disease reports, ranking 12th, 17th, and 16th, respectively. From 2006 to 2024, it consistently ranked in the top 10, with the lowest rankings in 2006 and 2007 at 10th place, and the highest rankings in 2021 and 2023 at 5th place; In 2024, it ranked 6th place. Conclusions:From 2003 to 2024, the incidence rates in China have showed an increasing trend, with its ranking in notifiable Class A and B infectious disease reports gradually rises from 12th in 2003 to 6th in 2024. Healthcare professionals need to continue to pay attention to the clinical diagnosis, treatment, and disease prevention and control of brucellosis.

Objective To explore the effect of compound centella asiatica on diabetic kidney disease(DKD)by regulating intestinal microflora metabolism.Methods Sixty DKD patients who visited Hangzhou Ninth People's Hospital from January to December 2022 were randomly divided into experimental group and control group,with 30 patients in each group.Patients in control group received basic treatment guided by lifestyle and diet,while patients in experimental group received treatment with compound centella asiatica on the basis of control group.Both groups of patients were followed up for 6 months to measure gut microbiota metabolite levels,urinary protein,and other indicators.Results After treatment,the levels of short-chain fatty acid(SCFA)in experimental group increased,while the levels of trimethylamine oxide(TMAO),indophenol sulfate(IS),microalbuminuria/creatinine(ACR),and 24-hour urinary protein quantification(24hPro)decreased;24hPro and ACR of experimental group patients were lower than those of control group.ACR in DKD patients is positively correlated with TMAO and negatively correlated with SCFA(P＜0.05).Conclusion ACR in DKD patients is positively correlated with TMAO and negatively correlated with SCFA;Compound centella asiatica can increase the levels of SCFA in DKD patients,reduce the levels of TMAO,IS,and ACR,indicating that compound centella asiatica can regulate the metabolic levels of gut microbiota in DKD patients and reduce proteinuria.

Veterinary Immunology is a science that studies organization structure and biological function of animal immune system.It is a subject with strong theory and application,which is a very important basic course in undergraduate education of veteri-nary medicine.With rapid development of modern science and technology,people have a deeper understanding of immunology,and traditional teaching content and teaching mode can no longer meet teaching needs of modern veterinary undergraduates.This paper briefly analyzes problems existing in current teaching process of Veterinary Immunology,and puts forward relevant suggestions for teaching reform,aiming at improving teaching quality of undergraduate Veterinary Immunology and shouldering important mission of cultivating innovative veterinary talents for socialist modernization of our country.

This paper summarizes Professor Gao Jiansheng's clinical experience in treating herpes simplex keratitis （HSK） based on the theory of hidden pathogens. It is believed that the core pathogenesis of HSK involves deficiency of vital qi and the internal presence of pathogenic factors. In the early stage， the pathogenesis is characterized by lung and spleen qi deficiency and invasion of external pathogens. In the middle stage， pathogenesis worsens due to latent pathogens damaging the vital qi and spleen deficiency with dampness. In the late stage， kidney yang deficiency and lingering pathogenic toxins are the root cause of recurrent attacks. In clinical practice， it is recommended to strengthen and protect the vital qi. In the early stage， the Modified Yupingfeng Powder （玉屏风散） is used. In the middle stage， the Modified Linggui Zhugan Decoction （苓桂术甘汤） is used. In the late stage， a self-formulated Modified Bushen Tuodu Fomulation （补肾托毒方） is applied. Additionally， herbs of tonifying qi and strengthening the exterior are used throughout the treatment to reduce recurrence.

Objective:To analyze the factors affecting quality of life in patients with early esophageal cancer after endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) .Methods:Convenience sampling was used to select 162 early esophageal cancer patients with ESD in Cangzhou Central Hospital from August 2021 to July 2023 who had an on-time follow-up six months as study subjects. General Information Questionnaire and Quality of Life Instruments for Cancer Patients-Esophageal Cancer (QLICP-ES) were used to investigate the patients. Factors affecting the quality of life of patients after ESD for early esophageal cancer were analyzed using univariate analysis and multiple linear regression analysis.Results:Univariate analysis showed statistically significant differences in QLICP-ES scores among patients with different gender, age, marital status, annual income, medical payment method, concomitant diseases, degree of infiltration, vascular invasion, surgical complications, and positive margins ( P<0.05). Multiple linear regression analysis showed that age, marital status, concomitant diseases, vascular invasion, surgical complications, and positive margins were the factors influencing the QLICP-ES scores of patients with ESD for early esophageal cancer, and the differences were statistically significant ( P<0.05) . Conclusions:Quality of life at six months after ESD in patients with early esophageal cancer is at an intermediate to high level. Patients of advanced age, unmarried/divorced/widowed, concomitant diseases, vascular invasion, surgical complications and positive margins have low QLICP-ES scores after ESD for early esophageal cancer. It is recommended that clinical attention be focused on these factors and that targeted nursing measures be taken when necessary.

Background China is the world's largest producer and consumer of cobalt. Skin exposure to excess cobalt can cause symptoms such as contact dermatitis. At present, there are few studies on skin contact of cobalt and its compounds. Objective To investigate the skin contact characteristics of cobalt and its compounds. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted in February 2024 involving 70 workers from a hard metal tool manufacturing company and the workers were divided into four groups according to their job positions: powder mixing, sintering, automatic pressing, and grinding processing. General demographic information was collected through questionnaires. Workplace air samples were collected using personal samplers, and cobalt concentrations in workplace air were measured by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES). Skin samples were collected from the workers' foreheads using cotton swabs, and urine samples were collected within 30 min after the end of their shift. Urine specific gravity was measured immediately after collection, and disqualified samples were discarded. Cobalt concentrations in the swab extracts and urine were determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Statistical analysis was performed using Kruskal-Wallis test for multiple group comparisons, Mann-WhitneyU test for pairwise comparisons, Chi-square test for categorical variables, and Spearman's rank correlation analysis to examine the correlations among air, dermal, and urinary cobalt levels. Results The 8 h time-weighted average (TWA) cobalt concentration was (2.30±2.15) μg·m⁻³ (\begin{document}$ \bar{x}\pm s $\end{document}). The median skin exposure level was 53.8 ng·cm⁻², with a range of 4.25 ng·cm⁻² to 1090.2 ng·cm⁻². The median urinary cobalt level was 3.74 µg·L⁻¹, with a range of 0.83 to 382.9 µg·L⁻¹. Statistically significant differences in TWA cobalt concentration, skin exposure levels, and urinary cobalt levels were found between different work positions (H=9.012, P=0.029; H=16.348, P＜0.001; H=11.078, P=0.011). A positive correlation was observed between skin exposure levels and urinary cobalt levels (r=0.537, P＜0.01). Conclusion Skin contact may be one of the main sources of cobalt levels in urine. Therefore, it is essential for workers to improve skin protection and hygiene practices.

Veterinary Immunology is a science that studies organization structure and biological function of animal immune system.It is a subject with strong theory and application,which is a very important basic course in undergraduate education of veteri-nary medicine.With rapid development of modern science and technology,people have a deeper understanding of immunology,and traditional teaching content and teaching mode can no longer meet teaching needs of modern veterinary undergraduates.This paper briefly analyzes problems existing in current teaching process of Veterinary Immunology,and puts forward relevant suggestions for teaching reform,aiming at improving teaching quality of undergraduate Veterinary Immunology and shouldering important mission of cultivating innovative veterinary talents for socialist modernization of our country.

Benign essential blepharospasm(BEB)is a neurological disorder characterized by involuntary contractions of periocular muscles, which can lead to functional blindness and significantly impair patients' quality of life. This article systematically reviews the epidemiology, clinical manifestations, pathogenesis, and therapeutic advances in BEB. Epidemiological data indicate that the global prevalence of BEB is approximately 1 in 200000, with a predilection for individuals over 50 years of age and a significantly higher incidence in female than in male. The exact pathogenesis of BEB remains incompletely understood, though current evidence suggests close associations with neurotransmitter dysfunction, reduced cortical inhibition, and genetic susceptibility. Therapeutic strategies primarily focus on symptomatic management. Botulinum toxin type A(BTX-A)injection remains the first-line treatment but requires repeated administrations due to transient efficacy. Other treatments, including oral drugs, surgery, and repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation, also have major limitations. By synthesizing recent research progress from domestic and international studies, this review aims to provide novel insights for the clinical management of BEB, ultimately improving patient outcomes.

Objective:To learn about the incidence of brucellosis in China from 2003 to 2024 and its ranking changes in the national notifiable Class A and B infectious disease reports, providing theoretical basis for improving brucellosis prevention and control strategies.Methods:Using retrospective analysis method, data on notifiable Class A and B infectious disease reports from 2003 to 2024 were collected from the official websites of the National Health Commission and the National Bureau of Statistics, along with annual national population data. The number of brucellosis cases in each year was counted, the incidence rate was calculated, and its ranking in the annual notifiable Class A and B infectious disease reports was determined to analyze ranking changes.Results:From 2003 to 2024, the annual reported cases of brucellosis in China were 6 448, 11 472, 18 416, 19 013, 19 721, 27 767, 35 816, 33 772, 38 151, 39 515, 43 486, 57 222, 56 989, 47 139, 38 554, 37 947, 44 036, 47 245, 69 767, 71 437, 70 439, and 67 418 cases, respectively. Among them, the lowest incidence rate in 2003 was lowest (0.50/100 000, national population: 1 292.27 million), and the incidence rate in 2022 was highest (5.06/100 000, national population: 1 411.75 million). The incidence rate in 2022 was 10.12 times that in 2003. From 2003 to 2024, the brucellosis incidence rate increased year by year (χ 2trend = 21 483.18, P < 0.001). From 2003 to 2005, the annual reported cases of brucellosis did not rank in the top 10 in notifiable Class A and B infectious disease reports, ranking 12th, 17th, and 16th, respectively. From 2006 to 2024, it consistently ranked in the top 10, with the lowest rankings in 2006 and 2007 at 10th place, and the highest rankings in 2021 and 2023 at 5th place; In 2024, it ranked 6th place. Conclusions:From 2003 to 2024, the incidence rates in China have showed an increasing trend, with its ranking in notifiable Class A and B infectious disease reports gradually rises from 12th in 2003 to 6th in 2024. Healthcare professionals need to continue to pay attention to the clinical diagnosis, treatment, and disease prevention and control of brucellosis.

Objective To explore the effect of compound centella asiatica on diabetic kidney disease(DKD)by regulating intestinal microflora metabolism.Methods Sixty DKD patients who visited Hangzhou Ninth People's Hospital from January to December 2022 were randomly divided into experimental group and control group,with 30 patients in each group.Patients in control group received basic treatment guided by lifestyle and diet,while patients in experimental group received treatment with compound centella asiatica on the basis of control group.Both groups of patients were followed up for 6 months to measure gut microbiota metabolite levels,urinary protein,and other indicators.Results After treatment,the levels of short-chain fatty acid(SCFA)in experimental group increased,while the levels of trimethylamine oxide(TMAO),indophenol sulfate(IS),microalbuminuria/creatinine(ACR),and 24-hour urinary protein quantification(24hPro)decreased;24hPro and ACR of experimental group patients were lower than those of control group.ACR in DKD patients is positively correlated with TMAO and negatively correlated with SCFA(P＜0.05).Conclusion ACR in DKD patients is positively correlated with TMAO and negatively correlated with SCFA;Compound centella asiatica can increase the levels of SCFA in DKD patients,reduce the levels of TMAO,IS,and ACR,indicating that compound centella asiatica can regulate the metabolic levels of gut microbiota in DKD patients and reduce proteinuria.