Retinitis pigmentosa （RP） is the most common hereditary blinding eye disease in clinical practice， with the pathogenesis remaining unclear. Patients experience progressive apoptosis of retinal photoreceptor cells， accompanied by degeneration of retinal pigment epithelium （RPE） cells. Current Western medical treatments mainly focus on gene therapy and stem cell transplantation， showing limited efficacy. In contrast， clinical observations have confirmed the therapeutic effects of traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） treatments. Establishing an RP animal model that aligns with the diagnostic features of both TCM and Western medicine could help combine the strengths of both approaches， thereby broadening the treatment options for RP. This study categorizes and summarizes the existing RP animal models in terms of classification， types， inheritance patterns， and alignment with clinical manifestations. It is found that current RP models are primarily derived from natural animal models such as RD mice and RCS rats， transgenic animal models like RPE-65 knockout mice and rhodopsin gene knockout mice， and chemically induced models such as those created by monochromatic light exposure or N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea （ENU） administration. These three categories of models focus more on detecting RP-related histopathological， molecular biological， and cellular immunological indicators， but offer limited observation of the overall characteristics of the disease and lack insight into syndrome differentiation. Although RP is a congenital genetic disease， its progression is influenced by acquired factors such as environment， constitution， emotions， and care. Current models do not fully capture the characteristics of this disease. Therefore， establishing an RP animal model based on the diagnostic features of both TCM and Western medicine will have significant implications for future experimental and clinical research.

Retinitis pigmentosa （RP） is the most common hereditary blinding eye disease in clinical practice， with the pathogenesis remaining unclear. Patients experience progressive apoptosis of retinal photoreceptor cells， accompanied by degeneration of retinal pigment epithelium （RPE） cells. Current Western medical treatments mainly focus on gene therapy and stem cell transplantation， showing limited efficacy. In contrast， clinical observations have confirmed the therapeutic effects of traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） treatments. Establishing an RP animal model that aligns with the diagnostic features of both TCM and Western medicine could help combine the strengths of both approaches， thereby broadening the treatment options for RP. This study categorizes and summarizes the existing RP animal models in terms of classification， types， inheritance patterns， and alignment with clinical manifestations. It is found that current RP models are primarily derived from natural animal models such as RD mice and RCS rats， transgenic animal models like RPE-65 knockout mice and rhodopsin gene knockout mice， and chemically induced models such as those created by monochromatic light exposure or N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea （ENU） administration. These three categories of models focus more on detecting RP-related histopathological， molecular biological， and cellular immunological indicators， but offer limited observation of the overall characteristics of the disease and lack insight into syndrome differentiation. Although RP is a congenital genetic disease， its progression is influenced by acquired factors such as environment， constitution， emotions， and care. Current models do not fully capture the characteristics of this disease. Therefore， establishing an RP animal model based on the diagnostic features of both TCM and Western medicine will have significant implications for future experimental and clinical research.

This paper summarizes Professor Gao Jiansheng's clinical experience in treating herpes simplex keratitis （HSK） based on the theory of hidden pathogens. It is believed that the core pathogenesis of HSK involves deficiency of vital qi and the internal presence of pathogenic factors. In the early stage， the pathogenesis is characterized by lung and spleen qi deficiency and invasion of external pathogens. In the middle stage， pathogenesis worsens due to latent pathogens damaging the vital qi and spleen deficiency with dampness. In the late stage， kidney yang deficiency and lingering pathogenic toxins are the root cause of recurrent attacks. In clinical practice， it is recommended to strengthen and protect the vital qi. In the early stage， the Modified Yupingfeng Powder （玉屏风散） is used. In the middle stage， the Modified Linggui Zhugan Decoction （苓桂术甘汤） is used. In the late stage， a self-formulated Modified Bushen Tuodu Fomulation （补肾托毒方） is applied. Additionally， herbs of tonifying qi and strengthening the exterior are used throughout the treatment to reduce recurrence.

Benign essential blepharospasm(BEB)is a neurological disorder characterized by involuntary contractions of periocular muscles, which can lead to functional blindness and significantly impair patients' quality of life. This article systematically reviews the epidemiology, clinical manifestations, pathogenesis, and therapeutic advances in BEB. Epidemiological data indicate that the global prevalence of BEB is approximately 1 in 200000, with a predilection for individuals over 50 years of age and a significantly higher incidence in female than in male. The exact pathogenesis of BEB remains incompletely understood, though current evidence suggests close associations with neurotransmitter dysfunction, reduced cortical inhibition, and genetic susceptibility. Therapeutic strategies primarily focus on symptomatic management. Botulinum toxin type A(BTX-A)injection remains the first-line treatment but requires repeated administrations due to transient efficacy. Other treatments, including oral drugs, surgery, and repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation, also have major limitations. By synthesizing recent research progress from domestic and international studies, this review aims to provide novel insights for the clinical management of BEB, ultimately improving patient outcomes.

Objective:To analyze the factors affecting quality of life in patients with early esophageal cancer after endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) .Methods:Convenience sampling was used to select 162 early esophageal cancer patients with ESD in Cangzhou Central Hospital from August 2021 to July 2023 who had an on-time follow-up six months as study subjects. General Information Questionnaire and Quality of Life Instruments for Cancer Patients-Esophageal Cancer (QLICP-ES) were used to investigate the patients. Factors affecting the quality of life of patients after ESD for early esophageal cancer were analyzed using univariate analysis and multiple linear regression analysis.Results:Univariate analysis showed statistically significant differences in QLICP-ES scores among patients with different gender, age, marital status, annual income, medical payment method, concomitant diseases, degree of infiltration, vascular invasion, surgical complications, and positive margins ( P<0.05). Multiple linear regression analysis showed that age, marital status, concomitant diseases, vascular invasion, surgical complications, and positive margins were the factors influencing the QLICP-ES scores of patients with ESD for early esophageal cancer, and the differences were statistically significant ( P<0.05) . Conclusions:Quality of life at six months after ESD in patients with early esophageal cancer is at an intermediate to high level. Patients of advanced age, unmarried/divorced/widowed, concomitant diseases, vascular invasion, surgical complications and positive margins have low QLICP-ES scores after ESD for early esophageal cancer. It is recommended that clinical attention be focused on these factors and that targeted nursing measures be taken when necessary.

Objective:To analyze the factors affecting quality of life in patients with early esophageal cancer after endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) .Methods:Convenience sampling was used to select 162 early esophageal cancer patients with ESD in Cangzhou Central Hospital from August 2021 to July 2023 who had an on-time follow-up six months as study subjects. General Information Questionnaire and Quality of Life Instruments for Cancer Patients-Esophageal Cancer (QLICP-ES) were used to investigate the patients. Factors affecting the quality of life of patients after ESD for early esophageal cancer were analyzed using univariate analysis and multiple linear regression analysis.Results:Univariate analysis showed statistically significant differences in QLICP-ES scores among patients with different gender, age, marital status, annual income, medical payment method, concomitant diseases, degree of infiltration, vascular invasion, surgical complications, and positive margins ( P<0.05). Multiple linear regression analysis showed that age, marital status, concomitant diseases, vascular invasion, surgical complications, and positive margins were the factors influencing the QLICP-ES scores of patients with ESD for early esophageal cancer, and the differences were statistically significant ( P<0.05) . Conclusions:Quality of life at six months after ESD in patients with early esophageal cancer is at an intermediate to high level. Patients of advanced age, unmarried/divorced/widowed, concomitant diseases, vascular invasion, surgical complications and positive margins have low QLICP-ES scores after ESD for early esophageal cancer. It is recommended that clinical attention be focused on these factors and that targeted nursing measures be taken when necessary.

Objective:To investigate the pathogen distribution characteristics and related risk factors for postoperative infection in liver transplant recipients.Method:A retrospective analysis was conducted on the clinical data of 153 recipients who underwent liver transplantation and received postoperative treatment in the intensive care unit (ICU) of China-Japan Friendship Hospital from January 2019 to December 2023. According to whether postoperative infection occurred, the recipients were divided into the infection group (33 cases) and the non-infection group (120 cases). Pathogen-related data were collected from multiple postoperative body fluid sites of liver transplant recipients. Univariate analysis and multivariate logistic regression analysis were performed to identify independent risk factors.Result:Among the 153 recipients, 105 were male and 48 were female, with a mean age of (52.2 ± 9.5) years. During the ICU stay after liver transplantation, 33 recipients developed infections, including 15 cases of single-pathogen infection and 18 cases of mixed-pathogen infection. The most common site of infection was the lung, accounting for 22 cases (66.67%). Eleven recipients (33.33%) in the infection group died, with septic shock being the leading cause of death (7 cases, 63.63%), and the median survival time was 14 days. Infected recipients had Gram-negative bacteria (171 strains), mainly Stenotrophomonas maltophilia[54 strains (31.57%)] and Pseudomonas aeruginosa[52 strains (30.41%)]. Gram-positive bacteria (47 strains) were dominated by Enterococcus faecalis[25 strains (53.19%)]. Multivariate regression analysis showed that postoperative mechanical ventilation for more than 48 hours was an independent risk factor for infection in liver transplant recipients ( OR=10.878, 95% CI: 3.632-32.580, P<0.001). Conclusion:It is necessary to prevent ventilator-associated pneumonia in liver transplant recipients. Early removal of the tracheal tube and strengthening hospital infection prevention and control are of great significance in reducing the risk of postoperative infection in liver transplant recipients.

Objective:To investigate the pathogen distribution characteristics and related risk factors for postoperative infection in liver transplant recipients.Method:A retrospective analysis was conducted on the clinical data of 153 recipients who underwent liver transplantation and received postoperative treatment in the intensive care unit (ICU) of China-Japan Friendship Hospital from January 2019 to December 2023. According to whether postoperative infection occurred, the recipients were divided into the infection group (33 cases) and the non-infection group (120 cases). Pathogen-related data were collected from multiple postoperative body fluid sites of liver transplant recipients. Univariate analysis and multivariate logistic regression analysis were performed to identify independent risk factors.Result:Among the 153 recipients, 105 were male and 48 were female, with a mean age of (52.2 ± 9.5) years. During the ICU stay after liver transplantation, 33 recipients developed infections, including 15 cases of single-pathogen infection and 18 cases of mixed-pathogen infection. The most common site of infection was the lung, accounting for 22 cases (66.67%). Eleven recipients (33.33%) in the infection group died, with septic shock being the leading cause of death (7 cases, 63.63%), and the median survival time was 14 days. Infected recipients had Gram-negative bacteria (171 strains), mainly Stenotrophomonas maltophilia[54 strains (31.57%)] and Pseudomonas aeruginosa[52 strains (30.41%)]. Gram-positive bacteria (47 strains) were dominated by Enterococcus faecalis[25 strains (53.19%)]. Multivariate regression analysis showed that postoperative mechanical ventilation for more than 48 hours was an independent risk factor for infection in liver transplant recipients ( OR=10.878, 95% CI: 3.632-32.580, P<0.001). Conclusion:It is necessary to prevent ventilator-associated pneumonia in liver transplant recipients. Early removal of the tracheal tube and strengthening hospital infection prevention and control are of great significance in reducing the risk of postoperative infection in liver transplant recipients.

Graves'ophthalmopathy(GO),also known as thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy,is an organ-specific au-toimmune disease that ranks first in the incidence of adult orbital diseases.GO has complex clinical manifestations,and dry eyes are a common cause of eye discomfort in patients with this disease.The pathogenesis of concurrent dry eyes is still unclear.It is currently believed that ocular surface damage in patients with GO is a direct factor leading to the occurrence and development of dry eyes.In addition,immunity and inflammation,and intestinal flora imbalance also play a role.Mul-tiple factors interact to form a vicious cycle,which further aggravates dry eyes.This article reviews the research results re-lated to the pathogenesis of GO complicated by dry eyes,aiming to provide ideas for clinical treatment and further research in the field.

Objective To introduce and compare different trajectory analysis methods.Methods Simulation experiments were conducted to compare the effect and applicable conditions of different trajectory analysis methods under different scenarios.Dataset of SPRINT was analyzed using these methods.Results Growth mixture modeling(GMM)performed best in single trajectory analysis while group-based trajectory modeling(GBTM)and cluster analysis were able to analyze multivariate trajectory.Cluster analysis had strict requirements on follow-up data.Conclusion Each of these three methods has its own advantages,and the appropriate method can be selected according to the specific situation of the dataset.