Objective: To explore the association of vegetables and fruits intake with depressive symptoms among multi ethnic first year junior high school students in Yunnan Province, so as to provide data support for preventing and reducing depressive symptoms among first year junior high school students. Methods: From October to December 2022, a cluster random sampling method was used to select 8 500 first year junior high school students from 11 ethnic minority areas in Yunnan Province (Fugong County, Longling County, Longyang District, Luchun County, Mojiang County, Nanjian County, Qiaojia County, Shuangjiang County, Tengchong City, Yuanmou County, Zhenyuan County), to investigate with a questionnaire. The Dietary Frequency Questionnaire was used to collect dietary behavior datas, and the Chinese version of Depression Anxiety Stress Scale-21 (DASS-21) was used to assess depressive symptoms. The generalized linear model was used to analyze the association of vegetable and fruit intake with depressive symptoms in students, and stratified analysis was performed according to ethnicity. Results: The detection rate of depressive symptoms among first year junior high school students in Yunnan Province was 29.5%. The detection rates of depressive symptoms in Han and minority first year junior high school students were 26.9% and 31.6%. After controlling for demographic variables such as gender, age, family residence and other confounding factors, the generalized linear model analysis results showed that the intake of leafy vegetables ( β= -0.07 , 95%CI =-0.12 to -0.01), flat fruits ( β=-0.06, 95%CI =-0.12 to -0.00) and hot natured fruits ( β=0.11, 95%CI = 0.04- 0.17) were associated with depressive symptoms in Han first year junior high school students (all P <0.05). The intake of melon and fruit vegetables ( β=-0.06, 95%CI =-0.11 to -0.01) and hot natured fruits ( β=0.06, 95%CI =0.01-0.12) were associated with depressive symptoms in ethnic minority first year junior high school students (both P <0.05). Conclusions The intake of vegetables and fruits among multi ethnic first year junior high school students in Yunnan Province is related to the risk of depressive symptoms. It is suggested to strengthen the consumption guidance and education of vegetables and fruits to prevent depressive symptoms among first year junior high school students.

Objective To investigate the prevalence of work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs) in passenger drivers and its influencing factors. Methods A total of 951 passenger drivers in Guangdong Province were selected as the research subjects using the judgmental sampling method. A Musculoskeletal Injury Questionnaire was employed to assess the prevalence of WMSDs in the past year. Results The prevalence of WMSDs in passenger drivers was 41.11%. The result of multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that married drivers had a higher risk of WMSDs than single drivers (P<0.05). The lower the frequency of physical exercise, the longer the driving time per week, the longer the continuous driving time, the more restricted the driving working space, the poorer the foot comfort during driving, and the more affected the normal meal, the higher the risk of WMSDs (all P<0.05). The risk of WMSDs in drivers with sleep time ≤ 8.0 h/d was higher than that in drivers with sleep time > 8.0 h/d (P<0.01), and the risk of WMSDs in drivers with the same posture for a long time on the shoulder was higher than that in drivers without this poor working posture (P<0.01). Conclusion WMSDs were prevalent among passenger drivers, which was associated with demographic and adverse ergonomic factors. Intervention on lifestyle and adverse ergonomic factors could further reduce the risk of WMSDs of passenger drivers.

Objective: To explore the relationship between sleep quality and executive function among middle school students, so as to provide theoretical support for the promotion of adolescents physical and mental health development. Methods: From September to December 2023, 5 713 junior and senior high school students aged 13 to 18 were selected by stratified cluster random sampling method from Shanghai, Suzhou, Taiyuan, Wuyuan, Xingyi, and Urumqi. Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index was used to conduct sleep quality survey. And conduct executive function was tested on middle school students, including inhibitory function, refresh function and conversion function tests. Spearman correlation and linear regression were used to analyze the relationship between sleep quality and executive function of middle school students. Results: The total Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) score of boys was [4.0(2.0,6.0)] and that of girls was [5.0(3.0,6.0)], and the difference was statistically significant ( Z=-10.90, P < 0.01 ). The total PSQI score of boys was positively correlated with both 2-back reaction time and conversion function of executive function ( r =0.04, 0.04); the total PSQI score of girls was negatively correlated with 2-back reaction time ( r =-0.04) ( P <0.05). After controlling for variables such as mental health, physical activity and nutritional status,linear regression analyses showed that PSQI total score of middle school students was positively correlated with the inhibitory function and the conversion function response time [ B (95% CI )=1.28(0.21-2.34), 7.62(2.34-12.90), P <0.05]; the associations of total PSQI scores among middle school students with both 2-back and 1-back response time were not statistically significant [ B (95% CI )=-5.88(-16.14-4.37), 8.05( -3.39 -19.50), P >0.05]. Conclusion Positive correlations are observed on sleep quality with inhibitory and conversion functions of executive function among middle school students.

Objective To investigate the clinical efficacy and safety of simultaneous treatment of small hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)with transarterial chemoembolization(TACE)combined with cone-beam computed tomography-guided(CBCT-guided)microwave ablation(MWA).Methods The clinical data of 69 patients with small HCC(72 lesions in total),who underwent TACE combined with CBCT-guided MWA simultaneous treatment from March 2018 to December 2022 at First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University hospital,were retrospectively analyzed.Follow-up check was performed at 1,3,6,and 12 months after treatment.The mRECIST criteria was used to evaluate the tumor response.The objective response rate(ORR),disease control rate(DCR),progression-free survival(PFS),local tumor progression(LTP),and adverse reactions were analyzed.Results The initial complete remission(CR)rate,ORR and DCR of TACE combined with CBCT-guided MWA simultaneous treatment for small HCC was 94.2％(65/69),100％and 100％respectively.44.9％(31/69)of patients experienced tumor progression,and 20.3％(14/69)of patients experienced local tumor progression.Univariate and multivariate analyses showed that the maximum tumor diameter(≥2 cm and＜3 cm)was the main risk factor for PFS(HR=4.498,P＜0.001).No serious adverse events occurred during the study.Conclusion TACE combined with CBCT-guided MWA simultaneous treatment for small HCC is clinically effect and safe,and this therapy is particularly suitable for the treatment of lesions where the use of traditional image-guided methods is limited.

Hemorrhagic shock is a common clinical emergency that can aggravate cell injury after resuscitation. Astrocytes are crucial for the survival of neurons because they regulate the surrounding ionic microenvironment of neurons. Although hemorrhagic shock and resuscitation (HSR) injury can impair cognition, it remains unclear how this insult directly affects astrocytes. In this study, we established an HSR model by bleeding and re-transfusion in mice. The social interaction test and new object recognition test were applied to evaluate post-operative cognitive changes, and the results suggest that mice experience cognitive impairment following exposure to HSR. In the HSR group, the power spectral density of β and γ oscillations decreased, and the coupling of the θ oscillation phase and γ oscillation amplitude was abnormal, which indicated abnormal neuronal oscillation and cognitive impairment after HSR exposure. In brief, cognitive impairment in mice is strongly correlated with Ca²⁺ signal strength in lateral septum astrocytes following HSR.
Animals ; Astrocytes/metabolism* ; Shock, Hemorrhagic/metabolism* ; Resuscitation/adverse effects* ; Male ; Mice ; Calcium Signaling/physiology* ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Septal Nuclei/metabolism* ; Cognitive Dysfunction/etiology* ; Disease Models, Animal ; Cognition Disorders/etiology*

Chronic visceral pain is a persistent and debilitating condition arising from dysfunction or sensitization of the visceral organs and their associated nervous pathways. Increasing evidence suggests that imbalances in central nervous system function play an essential role in the progression of visceral pain, but the exact mechanisms underlying the neural circuitry and molecular targets remain largely unexplored. In the present study, the ventral tegmental area (VTA) was shown to mediate visceral pain in mice. Visceral pain stimulation increased c-Fos expression and Ca²⁺ activity of glutamatergic VTA neurons, and optogenetic modulation of glutamatergic VTA neurons altered visceral pain. In particular, the upregulation of NMDA receptor 2A (NR2A) subunits within the VTA resulted in visceral pain in mice. Administration of a selective NR2A inhibitor decreased the number of visceral pain-induced c-Fos positive neurons and attenuated visceral pain. Pharmacology combined with chemogenetics further demonstrated that glutamatergic VTA neurons regulated visceral pain behaviors based on NR2A. In summary, our findings demonstrated that the upregulation of NR2A in glutamatergic VTA neurons plays a critical role in visceral pain. These insights provide a foundation for further comprehension of the neural circuits and molecular targets involved in chronic visceral pain and may pave the way for targeted therapies in chronic visceral pain.
Animals ; Male ; Visceral Pain/metabolism* ; Up-Regulation/physiology* ; Ventral Tegmental Area/metabolism* ; Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate/antagonists & inhibitors* ; Neurons/drug effects* ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Mice ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos/metabolism* ; Chronic Pain/metabolism* ; Glutamic Acid/metabolism*

Objective:To describe the distribution characteristics of alcohol consumption in adult twins in the Chinese National Twin Registry (CNTR), and further explore the influence of genetic factors on alcohol consumption in adult twins.Methods:The subjects of the study were twins registered by CNTR in 11 project areas across China from 2010 to 2018. A total of 56 966 twins (28 483 pairs) aged 18 years and above who answered questions about drinking behavior were included, and the random effect model was used to describe the population and regional distribution characteristics of alcohol consumption. Intra-pair analysis was performed to calculate the concordance rate and heritability of their alcohol consumption.Results:The age of all subjects was (36.6±12.0) years, and current drinkers accounted for 16.6% (9 461/56 966) of all subjects. In men, those aged 50-59 years, those in northern China, those living in rural area, those with low education level and those with high BMI, the proportions of current drinkers were higher. After excluding 468 pairs of twins who had stopped alcohol use and 21 764 pairs of twins who had no drink or had small amount drink, an intra-pair analysis was conducted in 4 929 pairs of same-sex twins, and found that the concordance rate of alcohol consumption was 64.0% (2 059/3 215) in monozygotic twins, and 52.6% (902/1 714) in dizygotic twins, the difference was significant ( P<0.001), and the heritability of alcohol consumption was 24.1% (95% CI: 18.9%- 29.3%). The further stratified analysis found that in southern men, the heritability was highest in those aged 40-49 years (36.1%, 95% CI: 21.6%-50.7%), while in northern men, the heritability was highest in those aged 50-59 years (34.2%, 95% CI: 18.1%-50.3%). Conclusions:In adult twins in China, there were population and regional differences in the distribution of alcohol consumption behavior, and alcohol consumption was influenced by genetic factors, and gender, age and region had potential modifying effects.

Objective To design a phased array ultrasonic focusing control system based on sinusoidal signal excitation in order to avoid the introduction of high-frequency interference components into the ultrasonic transducer and improve the electronic focusing performance of phased array ultrasound.Methods The system designed mainly used the high-speed field programmable gate array(FPGA)chip combined with the high-speed digital to analog converter(DAC)to realize synchronous output and control of multi-channel sinusoidal signals.There were 8 sinusoidal excitation emission modules based on FPGA and DAC and one sinusoidal ultrasonic excitation control module based on ZYNQ MPSoC involved in the hardware part of the system,in which the emission modules generated multi-channel sinusoidal excitations and timing control of sinusoidal signals within the module and the control module was responsible for controlling the triggering timing between each sinusoidal excitation transmitter module.The system developed had its software designed with MATLAB App Designer to improve the human-computer interaction experience.Performance verification was carried out for the system by testing the output waveform,inter-channel delay error and focused sound field of each channel.Results The system developed achieved generation and timing control of 64-channel sinusoidal ultrasound excitations,with the output channel main frequency being 0.5 MHz,amplitude within 0 and±12.5 V and the inter-channel delay errors not higher than 26.0 ns;a focused sound field with a focal spot diameter of 4.2 mm(-3 dB)at a depth of 50 mm was obtained when the system was applied to driving a 64-array phased-array transducer.Conclusion The system designed is capable of realizing ultrasonic electron focusing under sinusoidal excitation,which helps to improve the focusing resolution of non-invasive and precise deep brain stimulation techniques relying on the accuracy of ultrasonic focusing such as transcranial magneto-acoustic stimulation(TMAS)and transcranial ultrasonic stimulation(TUS).[Chinese Medical Equipment Journal,2025,46(5):14-20]

Objective To establish an initial diagnostic method for β-thalassemia (BT) using a double antibody sandwich ELISA approach. Methods The hybridoma producing monoclonal antibodies against anti-HbF were screened using a trailing count method. The mAbs were evaluated through ELISA,modified immunocytochem-istry,and Western blot analysis. A double antibody-sandwich ELISA assay was established by labeling the pairs of mAbs with ALP using the glutaral method,and this detection system was used to analyze 40 serum samples. Results The results demonstrate the successful generation of nine hybridoma cell lines capable of secreting highly active anti-HbF monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). Specifically,four mAbs (3F7,4G1,6C1,and 9H7) exhibited exclusive reactivity towards HbF without any cross-reactivity with hemoglobin variants (HbA and HbA2). These four HbF-specific mAbs displayed exceptional specificity and sensitivity,with a maximum titer of 1:256000 and the highest affinity constant (Ka) recorded at 2.36×108 L/mol. Among these mAbs,optimal antibody pairing was achieved using capture antibody 3F7 in conjunction with ALP-4G1 for the development of a sandwich ELISA detec-tion method. By employing this approach,fetal and healthy human blood samples were successfully quantified for HbF levels with an impressive detection sensitivity reaching up to 80％. Conclusion This sandwich ELISA dem-onstrated precise quantification of HbF levels,making it suiTab.for both research and diagnostic purposes in the field of β-thalassemia.

Objective:To comprehensively evaluate the changes in pulmonary artery hemodynamics in patients with repaired tetralogy of Fallot (rTOF) using four-dimensional flow (4D Flow) MRI, and to explore the value of viscous energy loss (EL) as an evaluation parameter of the right heart in patients with rTOF.Methods:A total of 30 rTOF patients who were prospectively admitted at Fuwai Hospital between October 2017 and November 2019, and 19 healthy controls who were prospectively recruited on March 2023, were enrolled in this study. All participants underwent a comprehensive 4D Flow MRI evaluation, and indicators of comparison between the two groups including quantitative flow analysis, wall shear stress (WSS) assessment, and EL evaluation in four planes: the right ventricular outflow tract (RVOT), main pulmonary artery (MPA), right pulmonary artery (RPA), and left pulmonary artery (LPA). The correlation between EL and traditional right ventricular (RV) function parameters, as well as WSS, was analyzed.Results:The RV function was generally decreased in rTOF patients, with an RV ejection fraction of 41.42 (35.85, 43.33) %. Compared with healthy controls, the volumes of backward flow, peak velocities, and both axial and circumferential WSS at the RVOT, MPA, RPA, and LPA were significantly increased in rTOF patients (all P<0.05). The EL in the pulmonary artery was extremely low in healthy controls, with the maximum EL values for the MPA-RPA and MPA-LPA segments during cardiac cycle being 0.51 (0.42, 0.73) and 0.68 (0.40, 0.94) mW, respectively. However, in rTOF patients, the EL values were as high as 63.63 (35.35, 82.15) and 56.41 (34.96, 88.76) mW, respectively. There was a significant moderate negative correlation between EL and RV ejection fraction, and a moderate to high positive correlation between EL with RV volume index, regurgitation fraction, as well as peak velocities (all P<0.05). Additionally, there was a significant positive correlation between EL and axial and circumferential WSS, with the correlation coefficients at MPA ranging from 0.67 to 0.88 (all P<0.05). Conclusions:Disordered flow in the pulmonary artery is common in patients with rTOF and should not be overlooked. The extensive viscous EL is closely associated with traditional RV function parameters and WSS. EL is expected to become an crucial parameter for evaluating right heart function in rTOF patients.