Purpose To construct a nomogram model based on conventional ultrasound(US)and contrast-enhanced ultrasound(CEUS)features for predicting extrathyroidal extension(ETE)of papillary thyroid carcinoma,and to evaluate its diagnostic performance.Materials and Methods A retrospective analysis of clinical and ultrasound data from 715 papillary thyroid carcinoma patients in the First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital from January 2017 to December 2022 was conducted.The patients were divided into two groups based on the presence or absence of ETE.Univariate and Multivariate analyses was performed to identify independent risk factors associated with ETE.Three models were established:clinical,clinical+US and clinical+US+CEUS.The nomogram of the best model was constructed and validated.Results The model based on clinical+US+CEUS features performed the best,the area under the curve was 0.885.Multivariate analysis indicated that older age(OR=1.029,95%CI 1.011-1.047),higher body mass index(OR=1.108,95%CI 1.049-1.171),capsular contact<25%(OR=4.716,95%CI 2.079-10.701),capsular contact 25%-50%(OR=21.320,95%CI 8.240-55.160),capsular contact>50%(OR=24.045,95%CI 6.792-85.126),nodules adjacent to the lateral side(OR=4.265,95%CI 1.366-13.318),nodules adjacent to the medial side(OR=6.416,95%CI 2.067-19.920)and interrupted capsular enhancement(OR=6.044,95%CI 3.588-10.180)were independent risk factors for ETE(all P<0.05).Decision curve analysis and clinical impact curve indicated high net benefit and strong clinical utility of the model.Ten-fold cross-validation showed good model stability.Conclusion The nomogram model constructed based on US and CEUS features demonstrates good predictive performance and holds significant clinical utility.

Objective This study aims to systematically evaluate the evidence-based medicine of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)in the treatment of dry eye,analyze its efficacy and differences compared with modern Western medicine treatments,and provide a scientific basis for clinical application.Methods By searching Chinese and English databases(including CNKI,Wanfang Data,PubMed,Cochrane Library,etc.),we included meta-analyses and systematic reviews of TCM treatments for dry eye.Literature was screened according to strict inclusion and exclusion criteria,and relevant data were extracted and integrated for analysis.The Mantel-Haenszel fixed-effects model was used to calculate the relative risk(RR)and mean difference(WMD),with the effect size expressed as a 95％confidence interval,to analyze the efficacy in-dicators of TCM treatment for dry eye.Results A total of 21 articles were finally included,involving various TCM inter-ventions for dry eye(such as Chinese herbal medicine,acupuncture,and TCM external therapies).The results showed that TCM treatment was superior to Western medicine alone in improving the overall clinical efficacy[RR=1.63,95％CI(1.46,1.81),P＜0.05],prolonging tear film break-up time[MD=2.23,95％CI(1.85,2.60),P＜0.05],and increasing tear secretion[MD=1.49,95％CI(1.04,1.94),P＜0.05].In addition,acupuncture,the combination of Chinese herbal medicine and Western medicine,and TCM external therapies all demonstrated unique advantages in improving dry eye symptoms and tear function.Conclusion TCM treatment for dry eye shows significant efficacy in key indicators such as overall clinical efficacy,tear film break-up time,and tear secretion,with a high level of safety.

Objective:To explore the correlations between the monocytes/high-density lipoprotein ratio (MHR), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and all-cause mortality in patients undergoing maintenance peritoneal dialysis (PD), and to provide references for clinical prevention and treatment strategies.Methods:A retrospective analysis was conducted on the clinical data of 336 PD patients who were treated in the Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University from June 2014 to August 2023. According to the survival status of the patients during the follow-up period, they were divided into the death group ( n=55) and the survival group ( n=281). The differences in clinical data, blood routine, laboratory biochemical indicators, monocyte count, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and ALP indicators between the two groups were collected and compared. Multivariate Cox regression analysis was used to screen the risk factors for all-cause mortality in PD patients, and Pearson correlation analysis was used to evaluate the correlation between the survival time of patients and related indicators. Results:In this study, there were 55 patients who died of all causes. The causes of death were cardiovascular events in 26 cases (47.27%), gastrointestinal bleeding in 3 cases (5.45%), infection in 7 cases (12.73%), multiple organ failure in 8 cases (14.55%), and unexplained death in 11 cases (20.00%). There was no statistically significant difference in gender, age, weight, serum parathyroid hormone (PTH), and total cholesterol (TC) between the death group and the survival group (all P>0.05). The treatment time, neutrophil count, red blood cell volume distribution width (RDW), ALP, blood uric acid (UA), blood calcium, MHR and creatinine in the death group were all higher than those in the survival group (all P<0.05), while the lymphocyte count was lower than that in the survival group ( P<0.05). The Cox risk model showed that MHR, ALP, treatment duration, neutrophil count, lymphocyte count, RDW, UA, and creatinine were independent risk factors for all-cause mortality in PD patients ( OR=1.578, 2.881, 1.021, 1.122, 1.476, 2.231, 1.018, 1.008, all P<0.05); Pearson correlation analysis revealed that the survival time of PD patients was negatively correlated with MHR and ALP ( r=-0.305, -0.246, all P<0.05). Conclusions:The levels of MHR and ALP are closely related to the risk of all-cause mortality in PD patients and are independent risk factors for all-cause mortality in patients.

Objective This study aims to systematically evaluate the evidence-based medicine of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)in the treatment of dry eye,analyze its efficacy and differences compared with modern Western medicine treatments,and provide a scientific basis for clinical application.Methods By searching Chinese and English databases(including CNKI,Wanfang Data,PubMed,Cochrane Library,etc.),we included meta-analyses and systematic reviews of TCM treatments for dry eye.Literature was screened according to strict inclusion and exclusion criteria,and relevant data were extracted and integrated for analysis.The Mantel-Haenszel fixed-effects model was used to calculate the relative risk(RR)and mean difference(WMD),with the effect size expressed as a 95％confidence interval,to analyze the efficacy in-dicators of TCM treatment for dry eye.Results A total of 21 articles were finally included,involving various TCM inter-ventions for dry eye(such as Chinese herbal medicine,acupuncture,and TCM external therapies).The results showed that TCM treatment was superior to Western medicine alone in improving the overall clinical efficacy[RR=1.63,95％CI(1.46,1.81),P＜0.05],prolonging tear film break-up time[MD=2.23,95％CI(1.85,2.60),P＜0.05],and increasing tear secretion[MD=1.49,95％CI(1.04,1.94),P＜0.05].In addition,acupuncture,the combination of Chinese herbal medicine and Western medicine,and TCM external therapies all demonstrated unique advantages in improving dry eye symptoms and tear function.Conclusion TCM treatment for dry eye shows significant efficacy in key indicators such as overall clinical efficacy,tear film break-up time,and tear secretion,with a high level of safety.

Objective:To analyze the therapeutic effect of a virtual reality (VR)-based accommodation training device on accommodative excess visual fatigue.Methods:A case-control study was conducted.A total of 20 normal subjects (20 eyes) and 20 patients with accommodative excess visual fatigue (20 eyes) were recruited at Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University between January and December 2022.The study consisted of two phases.In the first phase, the effect of watching videos with VR glass on the subjects' subjective and objective visual function was evaluated.Normal subjects wore VR device to watch a 2D video for 30 minutes, and assessments were performed before and after viewing.These assessments included binocular accommodation/convergence function (accommodation response, accommodative convergence to accommodation ratio [AC/A]), tear film function (first tear film break-up time), subjective symptoms (visual fatigue score), and basic visual health parameters including best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and intraocular pressure (IOP).In the second phase, the improvement in subjective and objective visual fatigue metrics with the VR-based accommodation training device was investigated.Patients with visual fatigue were divided into a traditional training group using traditional flipper lenses and a VR training group using the VR accommodation training device, with 10 eyes in each group.The effects of the VR accommodation training device on indicators such as accommodative sensitivity, accommodation response, convergence function, visual fatigue score, acceptability score, system usability score, BCVA, and IOP were evaluated and compared between the two groups.This study adhered to the Declaration of Helsinki.The study protocol was approved by the Ethics Committee of Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University (No.IIT2021007).Written informed consent was obtained from each subject.Results:In normal subjects, there was no statistically significant difference in first tear film break-up time, distance phoria, near phoria, AC/A, accommodative response, BCVA, or IOP before and after 30 minutes of continuous viewing of 2D video using VR glass ( t=1.155, 1.360, 4.479, 1.979, -1.249, -3.017, 2.211; all P>0.05).The visual fatigue score remained unchanged at (1.00±0.00) points before and after viewing.Among the subjects with visual fatigue, there were statistically significant differences in binocular accommodative sensitivity, dominant eye accommodative sensitivity, and BCVA before and after using the VR accommodation training device ( F=8.693, 4.078, 4.942; all P<0.05).Ocular accommodation sensitivity at 8 weeks after training was improved compared with 1 week after training, and BCVA at 4 weeks after training was improved compared with before training, and the differences were statistically significant (both P<0.05).In the VR training group, the average tear film break-up time, first tear film break-up time, and BCVA increased and the visual fatigue score decreased compared with before training, the differences were statistically significant (all P<0.05).In the traditional training group, the accommodation sensitivity of the dominant eye increased after training compared with before training, with a statistically significant difference ( P<0.05). Conclusions:Watching 2D videos with VR glass for 30 minutes does not induce subjective or objective symptoms of visual fatigue.The VR-based accommodation training paradigm effectively improves accommodative sensitivity and alleviates subjective symptoms of visual fatigue in individuals with accommodative excess visual fatigue.

Objective:To explore the effect and mechanism of Andrias davidianus skin mucopolysaccharides (ASMP) on full-thickness skin defect wound healing in diabetic mice. Methods:This study was an experimental study. The ASMP with polysaccharide content of (70.0±0.3)% was prepared; the proliferation activity of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) was detected by cell counting kit-8, showing that the optimal concentration of ASMP was 0.05 mg/mL. The HUVECs were taken and divided into blank control group, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) group, and ASMP group according to the random number table method (the same grouping method below), which were cultured with conventional medium and the media containing 50 ng/mL VEGF and 0.05 mg/mL ASMP, respectively, and then cultured under hypoxic (with volume fraction of oxygen being 5%) and normal-oxygen conditions for 12 hours, and the length of tube formation was observed. Human monocytic leukemia cells were induced with phorbol ester to differentiate into M0 macrophages. These cells were then divided into blank control group, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) group, and ASMP group, which were cultured respectively using conventional medium, LPS-containing medium followed by conventional medium, and LPS-containing medium followed by 0.05 mg/mL ASMP-containing medium. After 48 hours of culture, the expressions of CD86 and CD206 proteins (expressed as relative fluorescence intensity, the same below) were measured by immunofluorescence, and the mRNA expression levels of arginase-1 (Arg1) and CD206 were detected by real-time fluorescence quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. Eighteen male C57 mice aged 8-10 weeks were used, and diabetic model was successfully established using streptozotocin combined with a high-fat and high-sugar diet. Full-thickness skin defect wounds were created on the backs of the mice, and the mice were divided into blank control group, alginate dressing group, and ASMP group (with 6 mice in each group), which were treated with physiological saline, alginate dressing, and ASMP, respectively. Wound healing was observed on post injury day (PID) 3, 7, 10, and 14, and the wound healing rates of mice were calculated. On PID 7, the expressions of CD31 and CD206 proteins in the wound tissue of mice were observed by immunofluorescence. On PID 14, the thickness of granulation tissue in wounds of mice was observed by hematoxylin-eosin staining. The sample size for all experiments was 3.Results:After 12 hours of culture in normal-oxygen condition, compared with that in blank control group, the tube formation length of HUVECs in VEGF and ASMP groups was significantly increased (with q values of 10.08 and 16.91, respectively, P<0.05). After 12 hours of culture in hypoxic condition, compared with that in blank control group, the tube formation length of HUVECs in VEGF and ASMP groups was significantly increased (with q values of 11.61 and 16.91, respectively, P<0.05); compared with that in VEGF group, the tube formation length of HUVECs in ASMP group was significantly increased ( q=5.30, P<0.05). After 48 hours of culture, the relative fluorescence intensity of CD206 protein in M0 macrophages in ASMP group was 31.90±1.76, significantly higher than 1.00±0.25 in blank control group and 2.21±0.42 in LPS group (with q values of 50.75 and 48.75, respectively, both P values <0.05); the relative fluorescence intensity of CD86 protein was 5.82±0.63, significantly lower than 53.73±4.61 in LPS group ( q=30.90, P<0.05). After 48 hours of culture, the mRNA expressions of Arg1 and CD206 in M0 macrophages in ASMP group were significantly higher than those in blank control group (with q values of 35.02 and 13.09, respectively, P<0.05) and LPS group (with q values of 32.24 and 11.24, respectively, P<0.05). On PID 3, there was no statistically significant difference in intercomparison in the wound healing rate of mice among the blank control, alginate dressing, and ASMP groups ( P>0.05). Compared with those in blank control group, the wound healing rates of mice in alginate dressing group on PID 10 and 14 were significantly increased (with q values of 11.76 and 12.50, respectively, P<0.05), and the wound healing rates of mice in ASMP group on PID 7, 10, and 14 were significantly increased (with q values of 5.84, 15.90, and 14.96, respectively, P<0.05); compared with those in alginate dressing group, the wound healing rates of mice in ASMP group on PID 7 and 10 were significantly increased (with q values of 4.77 and 4.14, respectively, P<0.05). On PID 7, the relative fluorescence intensity of CD31 protein in wound tissue of mice in alginate dressing and ASMP groups was significantly stronger than that in blank control group (with q values of 7.63 and 16.85, respectively, P<0.05); the relative fluorescence intensity of CD31 protein in wound tissue of mice in ASMP group was significantly stronger than that in alginate dressing group ( q=9.22, P<0.05). On PID 7, the relative fluorescence intensity of CD206 protein in wound tissue of mice in alginate dressing and ASMP groups was significantly stronger than that in blank control group (with q values of 8.76 and 29.36, respectively, P<0.05), and the relative fluorescence intensity of CD206 protein in wound tissue of mice in ASMP group was significantly stronger than that in alginate dressing group ( q=20.61, P<0.05). On PID 14, the wound granulation tissue of mice in ASMP group was thicker compared with that in blank control group and alginate dressing group. Conclusions:ASMP can significantly enhance the ability of new blood vessel formation and optimize the immune microenvironment by promoting HUVEC tube formation as well as inducing macrophages to polarize toward the M2 type, thereby accelerating full-thickness skin defect wound healing in diabetic mice.

Objective:To analyze the therapeutic effect of a virtual reality (VR)-based accommodation training device on accommodative excess visual fatigue.Methods:A case-control study was conducted.A total of 20 normal subjects (20 eyes) and 20 patients with accommodative excess visual fatigue (20 eyes) were recruited at Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University between January and December 2022.The study consisted of two phases.In the first phase, the effect of watching videos with VR glass on the subjects' subjective and objective visual function was evaluated.Normal subjects wore VR device to watch a 2D video for 30 minutes, and assessments were performed before and after viewing.These assessments included binocular accommodation/convergence function (accommodation response, accommodative convergence to accommodation ratio [AC/A]), tear film function (first tear film break-up time), subjective symptoms (visual fatigue score), and basic visual health parameters including best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and intraocular pressure (IOP).In the second phase, the improvement in subjective and objective visual fatigue metrics with the VR-based accommodation training device was investigated.Patients with visual fatigue were divided into a traditional training group using traditional flipper lenses and a VR training group using the VR accommodation training device, with 10 eyes in each group.The effects of the VR accommodation training device on indicators such as accommodative sensitivity, accommodation response, convergence function, visual fatigue score, acceptability score, system usability score, BCVA, and IOP were evaluated and compared between the two groups.This study adhered to the Declaration of Helsinki.The study protocol was approved by the Ethics Committee of Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University (No.IIT2021007).Written informed consent was obtained from each subject.Results:In normal subjects, there was no statistically significant difference in first tear film break-up time, distance phoria, near phoria, AC/A, accommodative response, BCVA, or IOP before and after 30 minutes of continuous viewing of 2D video using VR glass ( t=1.155, 1.360, 4.479, 1.979, -1.249, -3.017, 2.211; all P>0.05).The visual fatigue score remained unchanged at (1.00±0.00) points before and after viewing.Among the subjects with visual fatigue, there were statistically significant differences in binocular accommodative sensitivity, dominant eye accommodative sensitivity, and BCVA before and after using the VR accommodation training device ( F=8.693, 4.078, 4.942; all P<0.05).Ocular accommodation sensitivity at 8 weeks after training was improved compared with 1 week after training, and BCVA at 4 weeks after training was improved compared with before training, and the differences were statistically significant (both P<0.05).In the VR training group, the average tear film break-up time, first tear film break-up time, and BCVA increased and the visual fatigue score decreased compared with before training, the differences were statistically significant (all P<0.05).In the traditional training group, the accommodation sensitivity of the dominant eye increased after training compared with before training, with a statistically significant difference ( P<0.05). Conclusions:Watching 2D videos with VR glass for 30 minutes does not induce subjective or objective symptoms of visual fatigue.The VR-based accommodation training paradigm effectively improves accommodative sensitivity and alleviates subjective symptoms of visual fatigue in individuals with accommodative excess visual fatigue.

Objective:To explore the safety and efficacy of intraosseous regional administration (IORA) of vancomycin for preventing infection in primary total knee arthroplasty (TKA).Methods:A total of 124 patients with knee osteoarthritis undergoing TKA between February 2024 and May 2024 at nine hospitals were enrolled. Preoperative infection prophylaxis involved either IORA (0.5 g vancomycin administered via intraosseous regional infusion before incision) or intravenous infusion (1 g vancomycin via peripheral vein). The IORA group included 15 males and 47 females with a median age of 66.5 years (range, 60.0-70.0 years), while the intravenous group included 14 males and 48 females with a median age of 66.0 years (range, 61.8-70.3 years) years. Intraoperative samples were collected including fat and synovium tissues after incision, before prosthesis placement, and after tourniquet release; distal femoral cancellous bone during femoral osteotomy; proximal tibial cancellous bone during tibial osteotomy; proximal intercondylar cancellous bone before prosthesis placement; and peripheral blood from non-infused arms at surgery initiation and after tourniquet release. Vancomycin concentrations were measured using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Vital sign changes were recorded from admission to 5~10 minutes post-IORA (IORA group) or post-incision (intravenous group). Follow-ups were conducted on postoperative day 1 and 3, and at 1 and 3 months, to document complications including IORA-related adverse events, periprosthetic joint infections, surgical site infections, red man syndrome, acute kidney injury, deep vein thrombosis and so on.Results:Vancomycin concentrations in bone, fat, and synovial tissue samples were significantly higher in the IORA group than in the intravenous group ( P<0.05), while vancomycin concentrations in blood samples were significantly lower in the IORA group than in the intravenous group ( P<0.05). Only 7.3%(41/558) of tissue samples in the IORA group had vancomycin concentrations below 2.0 μg/g (the minimum inhibitory concentration of vancomycin against coagulase-negative staphylococcus), compared to 59.3%(331/558) in the intravenous group (χ 2=11.285, P<0.001). In the intravenous group, 16.9%(21/124) of blood samples had vancomycin concentrations exceeding 15.0 mg/L (the threshold associated with a significantly increased risk of nephrotoxicity), while all concentrations in the IORA group were below this threshold, the difference was statistically significant (χ 2=22.943, P<0.001). There were no statistically significant difference ( P>0.05) in vital signs changes before and after vancomycin administration between the two groups. Two patients in the intravenous group experienced incision exudate, while no other related complications occurred in either group. Conclusions:Compared to the traditional intravenous infusion of 1 g vancomycin, intraosseous injection of a low dose (0.5 g) of vancomycin achieves higher local tissue concentrations in the knee joint with a lower incidence of adverse reactions and is safe for infection prophylaxis. Despite guidelines not recommending the routine use of vancomycin for preventing infection after primary TKA, intraosseous injection of 0.5 g vancomycin may be considered intraoperatively for primary TKA in the following scenarios: patients in medical institutions with a high prevalence of methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infections, patients with potential preoperative MRSA colonization, or patients with cephalosporin allergy.

ObjectiveTo study the effect of Taikong Yangxin Pills on the metabolism of simulated weightless rats based on metabolomics and discuss the metabolism mechanism. MethodsIn the simulated space capsule environment on the ground， the rat model of simulated weightlessness was established by the tail suspension method. Rats were randomly grouped as follows： out-of-capsule control， in-capsule control， model， and high （3.0 g·kg^-1） and low （1.5 g·kg^-1） doses of Taikong Yangxin Pills， and they were administrated with corresponding drugs by gavage for 28 days. The serum levels of endogenous metabolites in rats were determined by ultra-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry （UPLC-Q-TOF/MS）. The obtained data were processed by principal component analysis （PCA） and orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis （OPLS-DA） to screen for differential metabolites and potential biomarkers. MetaboAnalyst 5.0 was used for pathway enrichment analysis to explain the metabolic regulation mechanism of the drug. ResultsCompared with the out-of-capsule control group， the in-capsule control group showed elevated levels of thirteen metabolites， including 14-hydroxyhexadecanoic acid， linoleic acid， and α-linolenic acid （P<0.05）， which suggested that the space capsule environment mainly affected the metabolism of α-linolenic acid and linoleic acid in the rats. Compared with the in-capsule control group， the model group showed lowered levels of fourteen metabolites， including 4-imidazolone-5-propionic acid， isocitric acid/citric acid， and L-tyrosine （P<0.05）， which were recovered after the treatment with Taikong Yangxin pills （P<0.05）. The pathway enrichment analysis revealed that weightlessness induced by tail suspension and drug intervention mainly involved the phenylalanine， tyrosine， and tryptophan biosynthesis， tyrosine metabolism， histidine metabolism， and citric acid cycle. ConclusionThe simulated space capsule environment and simulated weightlessness induced by tail suspension can both affect the metabolism level of rats. Taikong Yangxin pills can ameliorate the metabolic abnormality in the rat model of weightlessness by regulating various amino acids and energy metabolism-related pathways.

Objective To observe the value of cervical lymph node ultrasound network model based on deep learning(DL)for diagnosing cervical lymph node metastasis of papillary thyroid carcinoma(PTC).Methods Totally 444 PTC patients with suspected cervical lymph node enlargement on ultrasonography were retrospectively enrolled and divided into metastasis group(n=253)and non-metastasis group(n=191)based on fine needle aspiration pathology and thyroglobulin detection.And 1 754 cervical lymph node ultrasonic images were divided into training set(n=1 404),validation set(n=175)and test set(n=175)at the ratio of 8∶1∶1.Ultrasonic features of cervical lymph nodes were extracted,then ultrasound network model was established using DL,and the diagnostic efficacy of this model for diagnosing lymph node metastasis was analyzed.Results The sensitivity,specificity,accuracy and area under the curve of ultrasound network model for diagnosing cervical lymph node metastasis of PTC was 93.06％,97.05％,95.04％and 0.858 in validation set,which was 86.14％,78.67％,88.49％and 0.828 in test set,respectively.Conclusion Cervical lymph node ultrasound network model based on DL was helpful for diagnosing cervical lymph node metastasis of PTC.