Glioma is the most common primary malignant tumor of the central nervous system in adults. Despite the standard treatment of surgery combined with radiotherapy and chemotherapy, the prognosis for high-grade glioma patients remains poor, highlighting the urgent need to further explore its pathogenesis and develop new therapeutic strategies. This article reviews the research progress in the field of glioma in China in 2024, covering tumorigenesis mechanisms, tumor immune microenvironment composition, advances in imaging techniques and novel imaging agents, improvements in surgical approaches, mechanisms of radio- and chemoresistance, and explorations of new therapeutic modalities. These studies provide a solid theoretical foundation for advancing clinical diagnosis and treatment of gliomas and may offer new opportunities to improve patient outcomes.

Objective:To examine the interaction between interpersonal issues and eating behavior problems among college freshmen, and to identify core psychological factors and potential pathways that drive eating behavior.Methods:In October 2019, a total of 5 073 college freshmen from a university in Shanghai were recruited as participants. Their general demographic data were collected, and they were evaluated using the eating disorder examination questionnaire 6.0 (EDE-Q 6.0) and inventory of interpersonal problems-32(IIP-32).Descriptive analyses were performed using SPSS 24.0 software.A regularized partial correlation network was constructed using the graphical least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (GLASSO) in R(v4.2.3) software. A Bayesian network analysis (BNA) was conducted to build a directed network, aiming to identify core driving factors and key psychological mechanisms.Results:Regularized partial correlation network identified shape concern as the most central node, with the highest strength centrality(1.32) and expected influence(1.20). It showed the highest bridge strength with dominance/control (0.22, 0.21), linking the interpersonal and eating behavior modules. Directed network analysis indicated that low self-confidence was the upstream node influencing social inhibition and cold/ distant relationships, indirectly affecting eating disorder.Within the eating module, shape concern and weight concern predicted eating preoccupation and dietary restraint, forming a pathway structure from eating cognition to behavior.The network demonstrated good stability (CS-coefficient=0.75).Conclusion:Shape concern is the core mechanism underlying eating problems in college freshmen. Low self-confidence contributes indirectly via interpersonal dysfunction. Dominance/control and shape concern bridge interpersonal and eating domains, providing key targets for early prevention and intervention.

Objective:To examine the interaction between interpersonal issues and eating behavior problems among college freshmen, and to identify core psychological factors and potential pathways that drive eating behavior.Methods:In October 2019, a total of 5 073 college freshmen from a university in Shanghai were recruited as participants. Their general demographic data were collected, and they were evaluated using the eating disorder examination questionnaire 6.0 (EDE-Q 6.0) and inventory of interpersonal problems-32(IIP-32).Descriptive analyses were performed using SPSS 24.0 software.A regularized partial correlation network was constructed using the graphical least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (GLASSO) in R(v4.2.3) software. A Bayesian network analysis (BNA) was conducted to build a directed network, aiming to identify core driving factors and key psychological mechanisms.Results:Regularized partial correlation network identified shape concern as the most central node, with the highest strength centrality(1.32) and expected influence(1.20). It showed the highest bridge strength with dominance/control (0.22, 0.21), linking the interpersonal and eating behavior modules. Directed network analysis indicated that low self-confidence was the upstream node influencing social inhibition and cold/ distant relationships, indirectly affecting eating disorder.Within the eating module, shape concern and weight concern predicted eating preoccupation and dietary restraint, forming a pathway structure from eating cognition to behavior.The network demonstrated good stability (CS-coefficient=0.75).Conclusion:Shape concern is the core mechanism underlying eating problems in college freshmen. Low self-confidence contributes indirectly via interpersonal dysfunction. Dominance/control and shape concern bridge interpersonal and eating domains, providing key targets for early prevention and intervention.

Objective:To establish a three-dimensional finite element model of the nose, simulate and analyze the deformation of nasal tissue caused by different focal points, traction directions, and modes, provide the theoretical basis for the effectiveness of physical traction therapy, and guide the clinical selection of more efficient physical traction therapy methods.Methods:A finite element model of the nose was established by ANSYS Workbench 19.2 software based on image data obtained from CT scans of a 29-year-old male volunteer with normal nasal appearance in Peking University Third Hospital. Two focal points, the nasal tip, and the nasal columella, were selected, and three force directions, parallel to the forward, forward and down 30°, forward and down 60°, were applied. The deformation caused by different traction conditions on the skin, lining, and soft bone parts, as well as the four anatomical landmarks of the nasal tip, nasal root, the midpoint of the nasal columella, and the nasal base, were compared. The deformation produced by 10 minutes of continuous pulling and 10 times 1-minute pulse pulling were compared under the same pulling conditions. The deformations generated by two types of pulling modes within a 24-hour cycle: a single 1-hour cycle and 6 intermittent 10-minute cycles, were compared.Results:All traction conditions resulted in deformation of the nasal model, with the maximum deformation of the nasal tissue obtained by pulling forward and downward at 60° (4.632 9 mm) which was greater than other traction conditions (0.825 0-3.105 0 mm). The maximum deformation value was located near the nasion of the model’s skin layer. The deformation obtained by 10 minutes of continuous pulling (0.176 6 mm) was slightly greater than that obtained by 10 times of 1-minute pulse pulling (0.176 5 mm). Within 24 hours, the final deformation of multiple intermittent pulling modes (0.019 0 mm) was greater than that of a single pulling mode (0.004 3 mm).Conclusion:Physical traction can effectively deform the skin and soft tissue of the nose, and the most efficient operation is to continuously pinch the tip of the nose for a short period and apply tension parallel to the back of the nose downwards, repeating every a few hours.

ObjectiveTo investigate the possible mechanism of Quyu Jiedu Formula （祛瘀解毒方） in the treatment of endometriosis in terms of iron autophagy mediated by nuclear receptor coactivator 4/nuclear factor κB （NCOA4/NF-κB） signalling pathway. MethodsFifty female SD rats were randomly divided into sham surgery group， model group， mifepristone group， low- and high-dose Quyu Jiedu Formula group， with 10 rats in each group. In the sham surgery group， only operation of opening and closing abdomen was performed， and in the remaining groups， the rat with endometriosis was modelled by autotransplantation. On the next day after successful modelling， saline 2 ml/d was given by gavage to the sham surgery group and the model group； mifepristone 1.05 mg/（kg·d） was given by gavage to the mifepristone group； Quyu Jiedu Formula 12.23 g/（kg·d） and 48.92 g/（kg·d） were given to the low- and high-dosage Quyu Jiedu Formula groups， respectively administered for 4 weeks consecutively. In the remaining 4 groups， all ectopic endometrial tissues were removed from the rats. The volume of ectopic lesions was measured in the model group， the mifepristone group， and the low- and high-dose Quyu Jiedu Formula groups， and the pathological changes of endometrial/ectopic tissues were observed by HE staining， and the protein expression and expression of NCOA4， Ferritin Heavy Chain 1 （FTH1）， Panax quinquefolium （P62）， Microtubule-associated Protein 1 Light Chain 3β （LC3B）， and P-NF-κB protein expression and NCOA4， FTH1， LC3B， P62 mRNA expression were detected in the endometrium and ectopic tissues； the co-localisation of NCOA4 and LC3B， free iron content， and levels of interleukin 6 （IL-6） and tumour necrosis factor α （TNF-α） in endometrial/eutopic endometrial tissues were also detected. ResultsNo ectopic lesions were seen in the sham surgery group. The ectopic tissues of rats in the model group showed obvious pathological damage， while the pathological damage of the ectopic tissues of rats in each admi-nistration group was reduced to different degrees. Compared with the model group， the volume of ectopic lesions was reduced in the mifepristone group and the high- and low-dose Quyu Jiedu Formula groups， and the volume of ectopic lesions in the high-dose Quyu Jiedu Formula group and the mifepristone group was significantly smaller than that in the low-dose Quyu Jiedu Formula group （P＜0.01）. Compared with the sham surgery group， the ectopic tissues of the model group showed up-regulation of LC3BⅡ/LC3B I values， NCOA4， and P-NF-κB protein expression， down-regulation of P62 and FTH1 protein expression， increase in free iron content and IL-6 and TNF-α levels， and increase in the co-localisation positivity rate and co-localised cell density of NCOA4 and LC3B （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）. Compared with the model group， the ectopic endothelial tissue LC3BⅡ/LC3BⅠ values and the expression of NCOA4 and P-NF-κB proteins were down-regulated in the low- and high-dose Quyu Jiedu Formula group and mifepristone group， the colocalisation positivity rate of NCOA4 and LC3B significantly reduced， and the content of free iron and the level of IL-6 decreased （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）. Compared with the mifepristone group， P62 more obvious up-regulated and TNF-α level reduced in the high-dose Quyu Jiedu Formula group （P＜0.05）. Compared with the low-dose Quyu Jiedu Formula group， the free iron content of ectopic tissues and the levels of IL-6 and TNF-α reduced in the high-dose Quyu Jiedu Formula group （P＜0.01）. ConclusionThe mechanism of endometriosis treatment by Quyu Jiedu Formula may be related to the inhibition of iron autophagy mediated by the NCOA4/NF-κB signalling pathway in endometriotic tissues， which improves endometrial inflammation.

Objective To investigate the effects of Quyu Jiedu Prescription on iron autophagy in eutopic endometrial tissue of rats with endometriosis(EMS);To explore its mechanism in treating EMS.Methods A total of 50 female SD rats were randomly divided into blank group,model group,Western medicine group,Quyu Jiedu Prescription high-and low-dosage groups,with 10 rats in each group.Except for the blank group,all other groups were modeled using autologous transplantation method,and corresponding solutions were given by gavage for 4 weeks.HE staining was used to observe the morphology of eutopic endometrial tissue,the reagent kit was used to detect the content of ferrous ions(Fe2+)in eutopic endometrial tissue,Western blot was used to detect the protein expressions of nuclear receptor coactivator factor 4(NCOA4),ferritin heavy chain 1(FTH1),LC3BⅡ/Ⅰ and p62 in eutopic endometrial tissue,the mRNA expressions of NCOA 4,FTH1,LC3B and p62 were detected by qPCR,immunofluorescence colocalization was used to detect the co-localization of NCOA4 and LC3B in eutopic endometrial tissue.Results Compared with the blank group,the content of Fe2+in eutopic endometrial tissue of the model group decreased(P<0.01),the expression of NCOA4 protein and LC3B Ⅱ/Ⅰ ratio decreased(P<0.01),the expressions of FTH1 and p62 protein increased(P<0.05,P<0.01),the expression of NCOA4 mRNA decreased(P<0.01),the expression of p62 mRNA increased(P<0.01),and the co-localization of NCOA4-LC3B decreased(P<0.01).Compared with the model group,the content of Fe2+in eutopic endometrial tissue of each administration group increased(P<0.05,P<0.01),the expressions of FTH1 and p62 protein in Western medicine group decreased(P<0.05,P<0.01),the ratio of LC3B Ⅱ/Ⅰ in Quyu Jiedu Prescription high-dosage group increased(P<0.01),the expression of FTH1 and p62 protein decreased(P<0.05,P<0.01),the expression of NCOA4 protein and LC3B Ⅱ/Ⅰ ratio increased in Quyu Jiedu Prescription low-dosage group(P<0.05),while the expression of p62 protein decreased(P<0.05),the expression of NCOA4 mRNA increased in each administration group(P<0.01),and the co-localization of NCOA4-LC3B increased(P<0.05,P<0.01).There was no significant change in the morphology of eutopic endometrial tissue in each group.Conclusion Quyu Jiedu Prescription may activate the iron autophagy pathway mediated by NCOA4 to restore the activity of ferritin protein,increase the iron content,correct the imbalance of iron homeostasis in eutopic intima of EMS rats,and thus inhibit the development of EMS.

Objective:To investigate the effects of Quyu Jiedu Decoction on the levels of free iron and NF-κB, IL-6 and TNF-α in ectopic tissues of rats with endometriosis.Methods:Totally 18 rats were divided into blank group, model group and Quyu Jiedu Decoction group according to the random number table method, with 6 rats in each group. Except for the blank group, the endometriosis model was prepared by autologous transplantation in the rest of the groups. Quyu Jiedu Decoction was given 13.23 g/kg of Quyu Jiedu Decoction, and the rats in the blank group and model group were gavaged with the same volume of normal saline for 4 consecutive weeks for consecutive 4 weeks. The pathological changes of endometriosis tissues of the three groups were observed by HE staining; the free iron content of the ectopic tissues of the rats was detected by ferrous ion colorimetric test box; ELISA was used to detect the levels of IL-6 and TNF-α; the expressions of NF-κB, IL-6 and TNF-α mRNA of rat ectopic tissues were detected by q-PCR.Results:The results of HE staining showed that there was more inflammatory cell infiltration in ectopic lesions in the model group, and the inflammatory cell infiltration of ectopic lesions in the Quyu Jiedu Decoction group was significantly improved. Compared with the model group, the content of free iron in ectopic tissues decreased ( P<0.05), the levels of IL-6 and TNF-α decreased ( P<0.05), and the mRNA expressions of NF-κB and TNF-α were down-regulated ( P<0.05). Conclusion:Quyu Jiedu Decoction can improve the expressions of free iron, IL-6, TNF-α and NF-κB in ectopic tissues of rats with endometriosis, and has a certain effect on alleviating the inflammatory state of ectopic tissues in rats with endometriosis.

Objective:To establish a three-dimensional finite element model of the nose, simulate and analyze the deformation of nasal tissue caused by different focal points, traction directions, and modes, provide the theoretical basis for the effectiveness of physical traction therapy, and guide the clinical selection of more efficient physical traction therapy methods.Methods:A finite element model of the nose was established by ANSYS Workbench 19.2 software based on image data obtained from CT scans of a 29-year-old male volunteer with normal nasal appearance in Peking University Third Hospital. Two focal points, the nasal tip, and the nasal columella, were selected, and three force directions, parallel to the forward, forward and down 30°, forward and down 60°, were applied. The deformation caused by different traction conditions on the skin, lining, and soft bone parts, as well as the four anatomical landmarks of the nasal tip, nasal root, the midpoint of the nasal columella, and the nasal base, were compared. The deformation produced by 10 minutes of continuous pulling and 10 times 1-minute pulse pulling were compared under the same pulling conditions. The deformations generated by two types of pulling modes within a 24-hour cycle: a single 1-hour cycle and 6 intermittent 10-minute cycles, were compared.Results:All traction conditions resulted in deformation of the nasal model, with the maximum deformation of the nasal tissue obtained by pulling forward and downward at 60° (4.632 9 mm) which was greater than other traction conditions (0.825 0-3.105 0 mm). The maximum deformation value was located near the nasion of the model’s skin layer. The deformation obtained by 10 minutes of continuous pulling (0.176 6 mm) was slightly greater than that obtained by 10 times of 1-minute pulse pulling (0.176 5 mm). Within 24 hours, the final deformation of multiple intermittent pulling modes (0.019 0 mm) was greater than that of a single pulling mode (0.004 3 mm).Conclusion:Physical traction can effectively deform the skin and soft tissue of the nose, and the most efficient operation is to continuously pinch the tip of the nose for a short period and apply tension parallel to the back of the nose downwards, repeating every a few hours.

Objective:To analyze the intervention effect of rehabilitation platform-based online psycho-education on patients with bipolar disorder (BD) in remission stage.Methods:In this randomized controlled study, 91 patients with BD in remission stage who attended the community health center in Xicheng District, Beijing from July to August 2021 were randomly divided into a test group (46 cases) and a control group (45 cases) according to a 1∶1 ratio using the random number table. Baseline data were collected from both groups, and the control group received conventional medication and community telephone follow-up, while the test group was given online mental health education in the form of a WeChat subscription number on this basis, including BD mental health education course push (twice a week) and disease self-management (daily recording of mood, sleep, medication, exercise and gratitude diary), and the intervention period was 6 months in both groups. During the intervention, one patient in the test group was admitted to hospital due to exacerbation of mental illness and the trial was terminated. A total of 90 cases were included in the study. The scores of Medication Adherence Rating Scale (MARS), Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD), Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS) and Perceived Devaluation-Discrimination Scale (PDD) were assessed at baseline, after 3 months and 6 months of intervention in both groups, respectively. And the differences in baseline data between the two groups were compared using two independent samples t test and χ2 test, and the repeated-measures ANOVA was used to compare the differences in MARS, HAMD, YMRS, and PDD scores between the two groups before and after the intervention, and to analyze the intervention effects of network mental health education based on the rehabilitation platform on patients in remission stage of BD. Results:After 6 months of intervention, MARS scores in the test group was significantly higher than that in the control group [(8.47±1.75) vs (7.47±1.85)], and was significantly higher than that at baseline (7.36±2.13) and after 3 months of intervention (8.04±1.68) (all P<0.05). YMRS and PDD scores in the test group were significantly lower than those at baseline after 3 and 6 months of intervention [YMRS, 2.0(1.0,4.0),2.0(0,3.0) vs 3.0(1.0,5.5); PDD, (31.18±4.65), (30.13±4.76) vs (32.51±4.51)] (all P<0.05); the differences in YMRS and PDD scores in the control group were not statistically significant (all P>0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in HAMD scores between the two groups before and after the intervention (all P>0.05). Conclusion:Combining mental health education based on rehabilitation platform with conventional medication and community management can significantly improve the medication compliance of patients with BD in remission stage, and improve their manic symptoms and reduce the stigma of the disease.

Objective:To investigate the efficacy of venetoclax-based combined regimen in treatment of adult patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML).Methods:The data of 50 adult AML (non-acute promyelocytic leukemia) who received venetoclax-based combined regimen in the First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Dongguan People's Hospital, the First Hospital of Longyan City, Jieyang People's Hospital from December 2018 to May 2021 were retrospectively analyzed. Different doses venetoclax combined with demethylation drugs or low-dose chemotherapy regimen were used to analyze the therapeutic efficacy. The related factors influencing efficacy were analyzed by using logistic regression.Results:The composite complete remission (CR) rate of 50 AML patients was 62.0% (31/50), the overall response rate (ORR) was 76.0% (38/50); 28 patients achieved effectiveness [CR and partial remission (PR)] after the first cycle and could achieve effectiveness by 3 courses of treatment at the latest. Among 50 patients, 28 cases were newly diagnosed AML, the composite CR rate was 60.8% (17/28), ORR was 78.6% (22/28); 22 cases were recurrent and relapsed, the composite CR rate was 63.6% (14/22), ORR was 72.7% (16/22); and there was no statistically significant difference of ORR between the both groups ( χ2 = 0.23, P = 0.743). Logistic regression multivariate analysis showed age was the only independent influencing factor for the treatment effectiveness ( OR = 8.451, 95% CI 1.306-54.697, P = 0.025). The median duration time of patients receiving venetoclax treatment regimen was 4.5 months (1.1-15.0 months); 16 cases who had treatment effectiveness finally relapsed, the median time of maintaining effectiveness was 5 months (1.1-11.0 months). Additionally, the common treatment-related adverse reactions included bone marrow suppression after treatment, followed by some gastrointestinal reactions like nausea, vomiting and stomachache. In addition, no patient stopped medication for more than 1 week due to bone marrow suppression related complications. Conclusion:Venetoclax-based combined regimen shows a good short-term efficacy in treatment of AML. It is also effective and tolerable for elderly patients receiving reduced dose therapy.