Bacterial outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) are diminutive vesicles naturally released by Gram-negative bacteria. These vesicles possess distinctive characteristics that attract attention for their potential use in drug administration and immunotherapy in cancer treatment. Therapeutic medicines may be delivered via OMVs directly to the tumor sites, thereby minimizing exposure to healthy cells and lowering the risk of systemic toxicity. Furthermore, the activation of the immune system by OMVs has been demonstrated to facilitate the recognition and elimination of cancer cells, which makes them a desirable tool for immunotherapy. They can also be genetically modified to carry specific antigens, immunomodulatory compounds, and small interfering RNAs, enhancing the immune response to cancerous cells and silencing genes associated with disease progression. Combining OMVs with other cancer treatments like chemotherapy and radiation has shown promising synergistic effects. This review highlights the crucial role of bacterial OMVs in cancer, emphasizing their potential as vectors for novel cancer targeted therapies. As researchers delve deeper into the complexities of these vesicles and their interactions with tumors, there is a growing sense of optimism that this avenue of study will bring positive outcomes and renewed hope to cancer patients in the foreseeable future.

Objective:To screen the main characteristic variables affecting the incidence of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases,and to construct the Bayesian network model of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease incidence risk based on the top 10 characteristic variables,and to provide the reference for predicting the risk of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease incidence.Methods:From the UK Biobank Database,315 896 participants and related variables were included.The feature selection was performed by categorical boosting(CatBoost)algorithm,and the participants were randomly divided into training set and test set in the ratio of 7∶3.A Bayesian network model was constructed based on the max-min hill-climbing(MMHC)algorithm.Results:The prevalence of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases in this study was 28.8％.The top 10 variables selected by the CatBoost algorithm were age,body mass index(BMI),low-density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C),total cholesterol(TC),the triglyceride-glucose(TyG)index,family history,apolipoprotein A/B ratio,high-density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C),smoking status,and gender.The area under the receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve(AUC)for the CatBoost training set model was 0.770,and the model accuracy was 0.764;the AUC of validation set model was 0.759 and the model accuracy was 0.763.The clinical efficacy analysis results showed that the threshold range for the training set was 0.06-0.85 and the threshold range for the validation set was 0.09-0.81.The Bayesian network model analysis results indicated that age,gender,smoking status,family history,BMI,and apolipoprotein A/B ratio were directly related to the incidence of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases and they were the significant risk factors.TyG index,HDL-C,LDL-C,and TC indirectly affect the risk of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases through their impact on BMI and apolipoprotein A/B ratio.Conclusion:Controlling BMI,apolipoprotein A/B ratio,and smoking behavior can reduce the incidence risk of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases.The Bayesian network model can be used to predict the risk of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease incidence.

BACKGROUND: Data on the immunogenicity and safety of heterologous immunization schedules are inconsistent. This study aimed to evaluate the immunogenicity and safety of homologous and heterologous immunization schedules. METHODS: Multiple databases with relevant studies were searched with an end date of October 31, 2021, and a website including a series of Coronavirus disease 2019 studies was examined for studies before March 31, 2022. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that compared different heterologous and homologous regimens among adults that reported immunogenicity and safety outcomes were reviewed. Primary outcomes included neutralizing antibodies against the original strain and serious adverse events (SAEs). A network meta-analysis (NMA) was conducted using a random-effects model. RESULTS: In all, 11 RCTs were included in the systematic review, and nine were ultimately included in the NMA. Among participants who received two doses of CoronaVac, another dose of mRNA or a non-replicating viral vector vaccine resulted in a significantly higher level of neutralizing antibody than a third CoronaVac 600 sino unit (SU); a dose of BNT162b2 induced the highest geometric mean ratio (GMR) of 15.24, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 9.53-24.39. Following one dose of BNT162b2 vaccination, a dose of mRNA-1273 generated a significantly higher level of neutralizing antibody than BNT162b2 alone (GMR = 1.32; 95% CI: 1.06-1.64), NVX-CoV2373 (GMR = 1.60; 95% CI: 1.16-2.21), or ChAdOx1 (GMR = 1.80; 95% CI: 1.25-2.59). Following one dose of ChAdOx1, a dose of mRNA-1273 was also more effective for improving antibody levels than ChAdOx1 (GMR = 11.09; 95% CI: 8.36-14.71) or NVX-CoV2373 (GMR = 2.87; 95% CI: 1.08-3.91). No significant difference in the risk for SAEs was found in any comparisons. CONCLUSIONS: Relative to vaccination with two doses of CoronaVac, a dose of BNT162b2 as a booster substantially enhances immunogenicity reactions and has a relatively acceptable risk for SAEs relative to other vaccines. For primary vaccination, schedules including mRNA vaccines induce a greater immune response. However, the comparatively higher risk for local and systemic adverse events introduced by mRNA vaccines should be noted. REGISTRATION PROSPERO; https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/ ; No. CRD42021278149.
Adult ; Humans ; BNT162 Vaccine ; 2019-nCoV Vaccine mRNA-1273 ; Network Meta-Analysis ; Immunization Schedule ; COVID-19/prevention & control* ; COVID-19 Vaccines/adverse effects* ; Viral Vaccines ; mRNA Vaccines ; Antibodies, Neutralizing ; Antibodies, Viral

Objective:To construct standard strains representing the main epidemic clades of HIV-1 in China, amplify the virus strains, and establish a seed lot.Methods:Six isolates of HIV-1 virus were identified and analyzed in genotype and phenotype, according to " interpretation for the social organization of the Standard strains of pathogenic microorganism- technical specifications for establishment of HIV strains". The isolates were amplified and cultivated to generate the secondary generation primary seed lot and the third generation working seed lot as frozen storage in liquid nitrogen. Results:Six HIV-1 standard strains were obtained, of which 3 strains are CRF_ 07BC (NRPC2.4.9003, NRPC2.4.9005, NRPC2.4.9006), 1 strain is CRF_ 01AE (NRPC2.4.9001), 1 strain is CRF_ 08BC (NRPC2.4.9002), and 1 strain is URF (NRPC2.4.9004). Phenotypic detection showed that all six strains are CCR5 tropics and Non syncytia inducing virus. TCID 50 were all greater than 1 × 10 5/ml, and concentrations of p24 antigen were all higher than 2 ng/ml. A primary seed lot with no less than 20 vials per strain and a working seed lot with no less than 50 vials per strain were constructed. The standard virus strains were used in evaluating antiviral drugs PEG2kC34, PEG5kC34, LP-19, and neutralizing antibody LSEVh LS-F. Conclusions:Six standard strains of HIV-1 virus covering the three main epidemic subtypes of HIV-1 in China have been obtained, and a storage of HIV-1 standard strain was constructed. It meets the need of the preservation of HIV-1 standard strains in China and provides support for drug and vaccine evaluation.

Electronic skin has shown great application potential in many fields such as healthcare monitoring and human-machine interaction due to their excellent sensing performance, mechanical properties and biocompatibility. This paper starts from the materials selection and structures design of electronic skin, and summarizes their different applications in the field of healthcare equipment, especially current development status of wearable sensors with different functions, as well as the application of electronic skin in virtual reality. The challenges of electronic skin in the field of wearable devices and healthcare, as well as our corresponding strategies, are discussed to provide a reference for further advancing the research of electronic skin.
Humans ; Wearable Electronic Devices ; Virtual Reality

Objective:To investigate the effects of early intervention with low-dose dobutamine on pneumonia complicated with sepsis.Methods:We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of 200 patients with pneumonia complicated by sepsis who received treatment in the First People's Hospital of Taizhou from January 2015 to January 2018. We divided these patients into control and observation groups with 100 patients/group according to different treatment methods. The control group was treated with immunoglobulin and methylprednisolone and given ventilator-assisted ventilation. The observation group was given low-dose dobutamine based on the treatments given in the control group. Clinical efficacy, pulmonary function, the incidence of adverse reactions, length of hospital stay, time to dyspnea disappearance, organ failure rate, and mortality were compared between the two groups.Results:Total response rate was significantly higher in the observation group than in the control group [96.0% (96/100) vs. 77.0% (77/100), χ2 = 15.45, P < 0.05]. After treatment, improvements in the pulmonary function indexes [forced vital capacity, forced expiratory volume in one second, and forced expiratory volume in one second/forced vital capacity] in the observation group were superior compared with those in the control group ( t = -15.25, -34.56, -3.77, all P < 0.001). Length of hospital stay and time to dyspnea disappearance in the observation group were (4.23 ± 0.89) days and (3.21 ± 0.58) days, respectively, which were significantly shorter than those in the control group [(8.96 ± 1.58) days, (7.26 ± 0.24) days, t = -26.08, -64.52, both P < 0.001]. The incidence of adverse reactions, incidence of organ failure, and mortality in the observation group were 2.0% (2/100), 1.0% (1/100) and 2.0% (2/100) respectively, which were significantly lower than those in the control group [18.0% (18/100), 20.0% (20/100), 10.0% (10/100), χ2 = 16.80, 19.20, 5.67, all P < 0.05). Conclusion:Early intervention with low-dose dobutamine for the treatment of pneumonia complicated by sepsis can greatly improve clinical efficacy, reduce adverse reactions, decrease the incidence of organ failure and mortality, improve pulmonary function, and shorten the length of hospital stay and time to dyspnea disappearance.

Objective:To investigate the diagnosis, classification and treatment of pancreatic duct stones (PDS) .Methods:Clinical data and prognosis of 32 patients with PDS treated in our hospital from Jan. 2010 to Dec. 2019 were retrospectively analyzed. The treatment methods were summarized.Results:All 32 cases were diagnosed with PDS by imaging examinations such as B ultrasonography, CT, endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) or magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) . The diagnosis accuracy was 81.3% (26/32) for B-ultrasound, 86.2% (25/29) for CT, 90.4% (19/21) for MRCP, and 100% (8/8) for ERCP. According to the location of stones and intraoperative exploration, the 32 patients were divided into 3 groups: Type I, 17 patients, the stones were located in the main pancreatic duct; TypeⅡ, 11 patients, the stones were located in both main and branch pancreatic duct; Type Ⅲ, 4 patients, the stones were located in the branch pancreatic duct. Different treatment methods were employed according to the different types. No patient died in the perioperative period. 11 (34.3%) patients had postoperative complications. 3 (9.3%) patients had postoperative residual stones. 32 cases were followed up for a period of 6 to 60 months. The abdominal pain and steatorrhea disappeared or significantly improved postoperatively. 2 patients complicated with pancreatic cancer died 12 to 35 months after operation.Conclusions:The treatment and diagnosis of the PDS still remains complicated. Imaging examinations are the main methods for diagnosis of PDS. The accurate classification and individual treatment are important. Surgery is the most commonly used method for PDS.

Objective To investigate the clinical significance of serum miR-187 and miR-143 in the development and diagnosis of gallbladder cancer.Methods 75 serum samples in patients with gallbladder cancer were selected as gallbladder cancer group.75 serum samples in patients with gallbladder benign disease and 45 serum samples in healthy physical examinations at same period were selected as the benign gallbladder disease group and healthy control group.Quantitative RT-PCR was used to detect the serum miR-187 and miR-143 expression in each group,and the expression of those related with the clinicopathological factors,the proliferation and migration of gallbladder cancer cells,and the efficacy in diagnosis of gallbladder cancer was observed.Results The serum miR-187 expression in gallbladder cancer group was significantly higher than that in benign gallbladder disease and healthy control;the serum expression of that in benign gallbladder disease was significantly higher than that in healthy control;after surgery,the expression of that was significantly lower than that before treatment (all P ＜ 0.05).The serum expression of miR-143 in gallbladder cancer group was significantly lower than that in benign gallbladder disease and healthy control;the serum expression of that in benign gallbladder disease was significantly lower than that in healthy control;after surgery the serum expression of that was significantly higher than that before surgery (all P ＜0.05).The serum expression levels of miR-187 and miR-143 in gallbladder cancer were not correlated with gender and age (both P ＞ 0.05),and were significantly correlated with Nevin stage,TNM stage,differentiation and lymphatic metastasis (all P ＜ 0.05).Furthermore,it was confirmed that miR-187 promoted the proliferation and migration of gallbladder cancer cells in vitro,while miR-143 inhibited the proliferation and migration.In the diagnosis of gallbladder,the diagnostic efficacy of miR-187 and miR-143 was significantly better than that of CA199 and CA242 (both P ＜ 0.05).Combined detection could further improve the efficacy in diagnosis of gallbladder cancer.Conclusions miR-187 and miR-143 are involved in the development of gallbladder cancer.Combined detection of serum miR-187 and miR-143 in gallbladder cancer has a high diagnostic efficiency in the diagnosis of gallbladder cancer.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the expression of LINC01106 in colorectal cancer and its role in regulating the proliferation and apoptosis of colorectal cancer cells. METHODS: We analyzed the data of LINC01106 expression levels in tumor tissues and normal tissues of patients with colorectal cancer in TCGA database and explored the association of LINC01106 expression level with the prognosis of the patients. Colorectal cancer SW480 cell lines with LINC01106 knockdown or overexpression were established, and their proliferation and apoptosis relative to the parental cells were evaluated using CCK-8 assay and flow cytometry, respectively. The expressions of p-STAT3, STAT3, and Bcl-2 in the cells were detected by immunoblotting. Nude mouse models bearing xenografts of SW480 cells with LINC01106 knockdown or na?ve SW480 cells were established to observe the effect of LINC01106 knockdown on the growth of SW480 cells . RESULTS: Analysis of the data from TCGA database showed that the expression level of LINC01106 was significantly higher in colorectal cancer tissues than in normal tissues, and LINC01106 expression level was significantly related to the prognosis of the patients ( < 0.05). Knockdown of LINC01106 significantly inhibited the proliferation and promoted apoptosis of SW480 cells ( < 0.05), while LINC01106 overexpression significantly promoted proliferation of the cells. LINC01106 knockdown in SW-480 cells obviously lowered the expressions of p- STAT3 and Bcl-2 and suppressed the growth of the xenograft in nude mice. CONCLUSIONS LINC01106 is significantly up-regulated in colorectal cancer tissue and is related to the prognosis of the patients. LINC01106 can regulate the proliferation and apoptosis of SW480 cells through STAT3/Bcl-2 signaling and may serve as a potential marker for the diagnosis and prognostic evaluation of colorectal cancer.

Objective To explore clinical effect of small dose of glucocorticoid in the treatment of AECOPD patients with severe disease associated with low levels of cortisol.Methods72 patients with AECOPD in our hospital were randomly divided into control group and treatment group.The control group was treated with conventional AECOPD method,the treatment group was treated on the base of the treatment group with a small dose of corticosteroids,CRP, IL-6, TNF-α, FEV1, PCT and other indicators, as well as patients with ventilation, shock and mortality were compared after the end of treatment.ResultsThe time of non mechanical ventilation, the time of non-mechanical ventilation, and the time of non-shock were increased, the shock and the mortality was lower in the treatment group,(P<0.05);The CRP level of patients in the treatment group was lower(P<0.05);IL-6, TNF-α, PCT levels of patients in the treatment group was lower (P<0.05);FEV1, FVC and FEV1/FVC level in the treatment group were higher(P<0.05).ConclusionSmall dose glucocorticoid can improve the pulmonary function of patients with AECOPD complicated by severe disease, and alleviate the disease, significantly reduce the levels of inflammatory factors, promote the improvement of the lung function.