ObjectiveTo observe the clinical efficacy of Gandou Fumu Granules （GDFMG） combined with sodium dimercaptosulphonate （DMPS） on liver fibrosis in Wilson disease （WD） patients with the syndrome of phlegm and blood stasis， evaluate its effect on cuproptosis-related indicators， and explore the possible mechanisms of cuproptosis in WD-related liver fibrosis. MethodsSixty WD patients diagnosed with the syndrome of phlegm and blood stasis between January 2023 and December 2023 were randomly divided into a control group and an observation group， with 30 patients in each group. The control group received the copper chelator DMPS for the first 6 days， followed by calcium gluconate injection for the next 2 days， completing an 8-day treatment cycle. The observation group received GDFMG in addition to the treatment regimen of the control group， with both groups treated for 21 cycles. A Beckman fully automated biochemical analyzer was used to detect levels of type Ⅳ collagen （CⅣ）， hyaluronic acid （HA）， laminin （LN）， N-terminal propeptide of type Ⅲ procollagen （PⅢ-NP）， and serum copper （SCu） before and after treatment in both groups. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA） was used to measure levels of ferredoxin 1 （FDX1）， lipoic acid synthetase （LIAS）， and dihydrolipoamide S-acetyltransferase （DLAT）. Atomic absorption spectroscopy measured 24-hour urine copper levels before treatment and after the 7， 14， and 21 treatment cycles in both groups. An Fibro Touch （FT） non-invasive liver fibrosis diagnostic device was used to measure liver stiffness （LSM） in both groups before and after treatment. Traditional Chinese medicine syndrome score （TCMSS） was evaluated at the same intervals. Clinical efficacy， adverse events， and safety indicators were also compared. ResultsAfter treatment， levels of CⅣ， HA， LN， and PⅢNP significantly decreased in both groups compared to pre-treatment levels （P<0.01）. The observation group showed a more pronounced reduction compared to the control group （P<0.05）. There were no statistically significant differences in SCu levels in both groups before and after treatment. After treatment， levels of FDX1，LIAS and DLAT significantly increased in both groups（P<0.01）. The observation group showed more notable improvements in these indicators than the control group （P<0.05）. After the 7， 14， 21 treatment cycles， 24-hour urine copper levels significantly increased in both groups compared to pre-treatment levels （P<0.01）. The observation group had a greater increase in 24-hour urine copper levels than the control group after treatment （P<0.05，P<0.01）， and although 24-hour urine copper levels increased after 7 cycles， a gradual decline was observed in subsequent cycles. After treatment， LSM levels significantly decreased in both groups compared to pre-treatment levels （P<0.01）， with the observation group showing a greater reduction than the control group （P<0.05）. Clinical efficacy was significantly better in the observation group than the control group （P<0.05）. No significant differences in the incidence of adverse events or safety indicators were observed between the two groups after treatment. ConclusionGDFMG combined with DMPS can reduce LSM in WD patients with liver fibrosis and the syndrome of phlegm and blood stasis， inhibit cuproptosis， and improve clinical efficacy.

Geriatric oral health care encounters significant challenges with the increase in the proportion of older individuals. Age-related changes in the dentition, muscles, and joints result in a decline in objective masticatory function, subjective restoration requirements, and acceptability among the elderly population, with individual variations influenced by systemic health. Considering functional requirements, the adaptability of stomatognathic and systemic health conditions, health economics and other factors, the authors believe that it should not be limited to the conventional "one-to-one" strategy for replacing missing teeth in geriatric prosthodontics. There is an urgent need for a precise and adaptable restoration strategy that is more suitable for older individuals. The proposal of a new concept of functional tooth loss updates the minimal restoration standards for elderly patients and establishes the theory of age-friendly functional restoration. Based on the restoration strategy of functional tooth loss, this paper proposes a new concept termed "age-friendly functional restoration of the stomatognathic system", which integrates treatment considerations including endodontics, periodontology, mucosa, muscles, temporomandibular joint, and systemic health. Efforts should be made in four areas as follows. Firstly, the "assessment of accessible function" should be enhanced by considering the interrelationship between stomatognathic and systemic health. Secondly, the "evaluation of appropriate function" is supposed to be optimised in view of subjective needs and objective evaluation of the stomatognathic system. Moreover, the "formulation of treatment plans" needs to be accomplished with the aid of assistive technologies, such as artificial intelligence, to accurately exert appropriate functional restoration. Lastly, the "management and maintenance of health" is likely to be strengthened through follow-ups, propaganda and education, and preventive healthcare, so as to improve quality of life and ultimately achieve healthy ageing among older individuals.
Humans ; Tooth Loss/therapy* ; Aged ; Stomatognathic System ; Oral Health ; Dental Care for Aged ; Dental Restoration, Permanent/methods*

Abstract In recent years, the prevalence of overweight and obesity among children and adolescents has risen rapidly, posing a serious threat to their physical and mental health. To provide scientific, systematic, and standardized weight management guidance for overweight and obese children and adolescents, the study focuses on the core concept of healthy lifestyle intervention, integrates multidisciplinary expert opinions and research findings,and proposes a comprehensive multidisciplinary intervention framework covering scientific exercise intervention, precise nutrition and diet, optimized sleep management, and standardized psychological support. It calls for the establishment of a multi agent collaborative management mechanism led by the government, implemented by families, fostered by schools, initiated by individuals, optimized by communities, reinforced by healthcare, and coordinated by multiple stakeholders. Emphasizing a child and adolescent centered approach, the consensus advocates for comprehensive, multi level, and personalized guidance strategies to promote the internalization and maintenance of a healthy lifestyle. It serves as a reference and provides recommendations for the effective prevention and control of overweight and obesity, and enhancing the health level of children and adolescents.

Objective:To summarize the clinical characteristics and first aid measures of children with drowning，and to provide scientific basis for the treatment and prevention of drowning in children.Methods:The clinical data of drowning children admitted to the Children's Medical Center of the First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University（Hunan Provincial People's Hospital）from January 2011 to December 2021 were retrospectively summarized. Baseline characteristics，prehospital emergency care and prognosis of the included children were analyzed.According to the time span, drowning children were divided into two stages, the first stage (2011-2016) and the second stage (2017-2021). According to cerebral performance category assessment scale,drowning children with cardiac arrest were divided into two groups: a group with good neurological prognosis and a group with poor neurological prognosis. The baseline characteristics,pre-hospital emergency care, and prognosis of drowning children during different periods and with different prognosis were analyzed.Results:A total of 53 children were enrolled during the study period，with 24 cases in the first phase（2011-2016）and 29 cases in the second phase（2017-2021）.Boys accounted for 73.6%（39/53）of the cases, the age ranged from 1 month and 24 days to 14 years old，with 1-4 years old being the most common，accounting for 58.5%（31/53）, and the season in which drowning occurred was more common in the summer（39.6%, 21/53）.Six cases (11.3%) had significant neurological sequelae, and the mortality rate was 3.8%（2/53）.There was a decrease in the proportion of drowning with water control in the second stage compared to the first stage（37.5% vs. 13.79%, P=0.046）.Thirty-two（60.4%）children experienced on-site cardiopulmonary resuscitation(CPR) after drowning，with 24 cases in the group with good neurological prognosis and 8 cases in the group with poor neurological prognosis.Children in the poor neurological prognosis group required CPR for a long duration [10.00（1.50, 25.00）min]，had lower body temperature，Glasgow Coma Score，pH and higher blood glucose levels on admission（all P < 0.05）. Conclusion:Drowning is most common in preschool children，common in boys，and drowning prevention measures for young children deserve focused attention. Children found to be in cardiac arrest at the time of drowning have a long duration of drowning and CPR，which predicts a poor neurological prognosis，and timely and effective on-site CPR is the key to reducing the drowning rate.

Objective:To analyze the correlation between the use of antithrombotic drugs,results of ultrasound examination and the change characteristics of thromboelastogram in patients with atrial fibrillation.Methods:A total of 80 patients with atrial fibrillation who admitted to Wuhan Red Cross Hospital were selected from January 2021 to October 2022.According to with or without thrombosis in patients,they were divided into an observation group(with thrombosis,26 cases)and a control group(without thrombosis,64 cases).All patients were treated by using antithrombotic drugs.Both of two groups underwent ultrasound and thromboelastogram examinations before and after treatment.The difference of the examination results between the two groups were compared.The correlation analysis was adopted to analyze the correlation between each indicator and the curative effect of antithrombotic drugs in patients with atrial fibrillation.Results:There was no significant difference in examination indicators of echocardiogram between the two groups before treatment(P>0.05).After treatment,the left atrial ejection fraction and left ventricular ejection fraction of the observation group were significantly lower than those of the control group(t=5.325,5.285,P<0.05).The differences in the indicators of thromboelastogram between the two groups were not significant before treatment(t=1.325,1.425,P>0.05),respectively.After treatment,the response time(R value)[(5.0±1.6)min]and coagulation time(K value)[(2.4±0.6)min]of the observation group were significantly lower than(9.8±2.2)min and(5.7±1.8)min of the control group(t=5.326,5.564,P<0.05),and the differences were significant(t=5.362,5.564,P<0.05),respectively.The correlation analysis indicated that there were correlations between left atrial ejection fraction,left ventricular ejection fraction,R value,K value and the risks of anti-reducing thrombosis formation and the use effect of thrombotic drugs in patients with atrial fibrillation(r=0.552,0.546,0.546,0.532,P<0.05),respectively.Conclusion:The results of ultrasound examination and the change characteristics of thromboelastogram can guide patients with atrial fibrillation to use antithrombotic drugs,thereby increase the benefit rate of antithrombotic treatment,and improve the prognosis of patients.

Objective:To evaluate the expression level of hsa-miR-422a in hypertrophic scars and to identify the target genes of hsa-miR-422a along with their biological functions using bioinformatics approaches.Methods:From June 2020 to December 2020, tissue samples of 3 hypertrophic scar and 3 normal skin were collected from patients (3 males, 3 females, aged 20-42 years) in Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People′s Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine. Primary fibroblasts were isolated and cultured. Real-time quantitative PCR was performed to quantify the expression of hsa-miR-422a. To construct a ceRNA network, starbase and Target Scandata bases were utilized to predict genes as well as long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) that may sponge hsa-miR-422a. GO and KEGG pathway enrichment analyses were conducted on the target genes of hsa-miR-422a; protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks were constructed to identify the hub genes whose functions were predicted by functional enrichment analyses. The expression of hub genes was validated through real-time quantitative PCR in hypertrophic scars.Results:The expression of hsa-miR-422a was significantly lower in the hypertrophic scar tissue samples and fibroblasts compared to that in the normal skin ( P<0.05). 133 target genes as well as 1033 lncRNAs were predicted by starBase and TargetScandata bases and used to construct an hsa-miR-422a-centered ceRNA network. PPI networks of the target genes revealed 10 hub genes, including MAPK1, GRB2, and IGF1R, which were discovered to be related to protein serine/threonine/tyrosine kinase activity, ubiquitin protein ligase binding, fibroblast growth factor receptor signaling pathway, muscle cell proliferation, and many others; besides, they may be involved in FoxO, mTOR, Toll-like receptor, Ras, MAPK, PI3K-Akt signaling pathways and signaling pathways regulating pluripotency of stem cells. Three hub genes (MAPK1, GRB2, and IGF1R) were significantly upregulated in hypertrophic scars ( P<0.05). Conclusions:hsa-miR-422a is significantly downregulated in the hypertrophic scars and may target hub genes such as MAPK1 in ceRNA networks, ultimately modulating hypertrophic scar formation.

This article introduces a high-throughput molecular screening chip： peptide arrays. As a kind of biochip， the peptide arrays are easy to synthesis， stable in probe chemistry， high-throughput in screening and highly specific compared with other biochips. To analyze the new high-throughput data， researchers have recently proposed a series of deep learning and bioinformatics methods to study the binding characteristics of peptide probes and target molecules. Those algorithms could be used to predict the binding affinity of protein targets against peptides. Moreover， peptide arrays could also play important roles in analyzing protein-protein interactions，screening novel drug peptides， disease diagnosis and general health assessment based on recent reports. The application of this new technology could provide novel insights into public health research.

As a first-line classical drug, glucocorticoids are used in most combination treatment regimens of keloid. However, there are issues such as poor treatment efficacy and recurrence of keloid after keloid was treated with glucocorticoids, which seriously affect the therapeutic effect. In recent years, many studies have explored the factors influencing the efficacy of glucocorticoids in treating keloid and the action mechanism of glucocorticoids from different perspectives. Based on this, this paper reviews the mechanism and the factors influencing the efficacy of glucocorticoids in treating keloid, and explores ways to improve the treatment efficacy of glucocorticoids, aiming to provide thoughts for improving glucocorticoid-related diagnostic and therapeutic strategies.

The Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has spread globally. Although mixed liver impairment has been reported in COVID-19 patients, the association of liver injury caused by specific subtype especially chronic hepatitis B (CHB) with COVID-19 has not been elucidated. In this multi-center, retrospective, and observational cohort study, 109 CHB and 327 non-CHB patients with COVID-19 were propensity score matched at an approximate ratio of 3:1 on the basis of age, sex, and comorbidities. Demographic characteristics, laboratory examinations, disease severity, and clinical outcomes were compared. Furthermore, univariable and multivariable logistic and Cox regression models were used to explore the risk factors for disease severity and mortality, respectively. A higher proportion of CHB patients (30 of 109 (27.52%)) developed into severe status than non-CHB patients (17 of 327 (5.20%)). In addition to previously reported liver impairment markers, such as alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, and total bilirubin, we identified several novel risk factors including elevated lactate dehydrogenase (⩾ 245 U/L, hazard ratio (HR) = 8.639, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 2.528-29.523; P < 0.001) and coagulation-related biomarker D-dimer (⩾ 0.5 µg/mL, HR = 4.321, 95% CI = 1.443-12.939; P = 0.009) and decreased albumin (< 35 g/L, HR = 0.131, 95% CI = 0.048-0.361; P < 0.001) and albumin/globulin ratio (< 1.5, HR = 0.123, 95% CI = 0.017-0.918; P = 0.041). In conclusion, COVID-19 patients with CHB were more likely to develop into severe illness and die. The risk factors that we identified may be helpful for early clinical surveillance of critical progression.
COVID-19 ; Cohort Studies ; Hepatitis B, Chronic/epidemiology* ; Humans ; Retrospective Studies ; Risk Factors

Spinal muscular atrophy, lower extremity-predominant, 2A (SMALED2A) is a form of spinal muscular atrophy, which predominantly affects muscles of the lower extremity, characterized by early childhood onset of muscle weakness and atrophy. This disorder is caused by mutation in the BICD2 gene. This paper reports a case of SMALED2A with recurrent skin ulceration of both feet. Whole exome sequencing of this case revealed a chr9∶95527083_A>AGCC insertion mutation in the 5’UTR of BICD2 gene.