ObjectiveA qualitative analysis method was established for the composition of Astragali Radix（AR） before and after rice stir-frying. On the basis of systematic characterization of the chemical compositions in AR and stir-fried AR with rice（ARR）， the structures of their major compounds were deduced and identified， and the differential compositions between them were analyzed. MethodsUltra performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometry（UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS） was used to detect the samples of AR and ARR in positive and negative ion modes， respectively. The compounds were analyzed and identified through self-constructed databases， literature， and reference standards， etc. And the data were analyzed by chemometrics， in order to screen for the differential components between AR and ARR. ResultsA total of 123 compounds were identified in AR and ARR， including 41 flavonoids， 19 terpenoids， 26 organic acids， 8 amino acids， 5 nucleotides， 5 carbohydrates and 19 other compounds. Among them， there were 95 common components in both， 18 unique components in AR， and 10 unique components in ARR. Principal component analysis（PCA） and orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis（OPLS-DA） results both showed that there were significant differences in the chemical constituents of AR before and after rice stir-frying， and a total of 26 constituents with differences in the content were screened out， including L-canavanine， L-pyroglutamic acid， L-phenylalanine， cis-caffeic acid， and malonylastragaloside Ⅰ. Among them， 19 constituents of ARR were down-regulated and 7 constituents were up-regulated by comparing with AR. ConclusionThis study clarifies that the chemical composition of AR and ARR is mainly composed of flavonoids， terpenoids， and organic acids， and analyzes the components with significant differences in content between the two in combination with chemometrics， and the differential components are dominated by amino acids， organic acids and terpenoids， which can provide reference for the subsequent quality control and material basis research.

AIM: To investigate the potential inhibitory effect of pterostilbene on the endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition(EndMT)induced by high glucose conditions in human retinal microvascular endothelial cells(HRMECs).METHODS: The optimal concentration of pterostilbene for treating HRMECs was determined using the CCK-8 assay, with 12.5 and 25 μmol/L concentrations selected for subsequent experiments. Four experimental groups were established: control group, high glucose group, high glucose combined with 12.5 μmol/L pterostilbene treatment group, and high glucose combined with 25 μmol/L pterostilbene treatment group. The expression levels of HDAC7 and EndMT-associated markers were detected via Western blot analysis. Cell migration ability was assessed using Transwell migration assays and scratch wound healing tests, while vasculogenic capability was evaluated through tube formation assays.RESULTS: The CCK-8 assay revealed that pterostilbene at a concentration of 22.07 μmol/L inhibited 50% of cell viability in HRMECs. Western blot analysis demonstrated that compared with the control group, the expression levels of HDAC7, ZEB1, Vimentin, and Snail were significantly upregulated in HRMECs cultured in high glucose(all P<0.01), while the expressions of VE-cadherin and CD31 were significantly reduced(all P<0.01). Compared to the high glucose group, the treatment with 12.5 and 25 μmol/L pterostilbene significantly reduced the expression of HDAC7, ZEB1, Vimentin, and Snail under high glucose conditions(all P<0.01). Notably, 25 μmol/L pterostilbene enhanced the expression of VE-cadherin and CD31(all P<0.01). Scratch wound healing tests revealed that HRMECs treated with high glucose exhibited a significantly increased cell migration rate compared to the control group(P<0.05), while the application of 25 μmol/L pterostilbene significantly suppressed HRMECs migration under high glucose conditions(P<0.01). Transwell migration assays demonstrated that the cell migration rate in the high glucose group was significantly higher than that in the control group(P<0.01), with cell migration rate markedly reduced following treatment with both of 12.5 and 25 μmol/L pterostilbene(all P<0.01). The tube formation assay revealed that the ability of HRMECs to form tubular structures was significantly enhanced under high glucose conditions(P<0.01), and both 12.5 and 25 μmol/L of pterostilbene effectively inhibited this effect(all P<0.01).CONCLUSION: Pterostilbene can inhibit HDAC7 expression, suppress EndMT-mediated migration of HRMECs, and impair tube formation under high-glucose conditions.

AIM: To investigate the potential inhibitory effect of pterostilbene on the endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition(EndMT)induced by high glucose conditions in human retinal microvascular endothelial cells(HRMECs).METHODS: The optimal concentration of pterostilbene for treating HRMECs was determined using the CCK-8 assay, with 12.5 and 25 μmol/L concentrations selected for subsequent experiments. Four experimental groups were established: control group, high glucose group, high glucose combined with 12.5 μmol/L pterostilbene treatment group, and high glucose combined with 25 μmol/L pterostilbene treatment group. The expression levels of HDAC7 and EndMT-associated markers were detected via Western blot analysis. Cell migration ability was assessed using Transwell migration assays and scratch wound healing tests, while vasculogenic capability was evaluated through tube formation assays.RESULTS: The CCK-8 assay revealed that pterostilbene at a concentration of 22.07 μmol/L inhibited 50% of cell viability in HRMECs. Western blot analysis demonstrated that compared with the control group, the expression levels of HDAC7, ZEB1, Vimentin, and Snail were significantly upregulated in HRMECs cultured in high glucose(all P<0.01), while the expressions of VE-cadherin and CD31 were significantly reduced(all P<0.01). Compared to the high glucose group, the treatment with 12.5 and 25 μmol/L pterostilbene significantly reduced the expression of HDAC7, ZEB1, Vimentin, and Snail under high glucose conditions(all P<0.01). Notably, 25 μmol/L pterostilbene enhanced the expression of VE-cadherin and CD31(all P<0.01). Scratch wound healing tests revealed that HRMECs treated with high glucose exhibited a significantly increased cell migration rate compared to the control group(P<0.05), while the application of 25 μmol/L pterostilbene significantly suppressed HRMECs migration under high glucose conditions(P<0.01). Transwell migration assays demonstrated that the cell migration rate in the high glucose group was significantly higher than that in the control group(P<0.01), with cell migration rate markedly reduced following treatment with both of 12.5 and 25 μmol/L pterostilbene(all P<0.01). The tube formation assay revealed that the ability of HRMECs to form tubular structures was significantly enhanced under high glucose conditions(P<0.01), and both 12.5 and 25 μmol/L of pterostilbene effectively inhibited this effect(all P<0.01).CONCLUSION: Pterostilbene can inhibit HDAC7 expression, suppress EndMT-mediated migration of HRMECs, and impair tube formation under high-glucose conditions.

Objective To explore the mechanism of Lkb1 regulated epithelial regeneration in asthma by airway organoid culture.Methods Lkb1f/f(the control group,n=10)and Scgb1a1CreER;Lkb1f/fmice(the Lkb1 knockout group,n=9)were taken to establish allergic asthma models by aerosol inhalation of ovalbumin(OVA).Bronchial lavage fluid(BALF)and lung tissue were collected.The number of inflammatory cells in BALF were counted.The amount of CLCA3 positive cells was compared by immunofluorescence staining of lung tissue sections.Club cells were selected by flow cytometry for organoid culture.The average diameter of organoids and organoid formation rate were calculated.Expression levels of goblet cell marker CLCA3,cilia cell markers FOXJ1 and AMPK in Club cells were detected by RT-PCR.Results There were no significant differences in the number of macrophages,eosinophils,neutrophils and lymphocytes in BALF between the control group and the Lkb1 knockout group.The number of CLCA3 positive cells were decreased after Lkb1 knockout.Results of organoid culture showed that the average diameter of organoids derived from Club cells and organoid formation rate were decreased after the absence of Lkb1.The expression of FOXJ1 was reduced.After Lkb1 deletion,the expression of AMPKα in Club cells were decreased and the proliferation of Club cells was inhibited.Activation of AMPK,the downstream signaling pathway of Lkb1,could attenuate the effect of Lkb1 deficiency on the regeneration of Club cells.Conclusion Lkb1 promotes the proliferation of airway progenitor cells by AMPK pathway.

The incidence of myopia among Chinese adolescents is progressively rising, indicating a distinct trend toward younger age onset.This paper aims to comprehensively review the impact of various visual performance on myopia and its progression, with a specific emphasis on accommodative function, convergence function, and ocular position. A meticulous exploration of accommodation function, encompassing accommodative amplitude, accommodative facility, accommodative response, positive relative accommodation, and negative relative accommodation, has been undertaken to elucidate its contributory role in myopia progression. Concurrently, an exhaustive analysis of convergence function has been conducted including esotropia and exotropia, convergence insufficiency and convergence excess, fusional function vergence, divergence insufficiency, and excess, providing a nuanced understanding of convergence's implications for myopia advancement. Furthermore, the influence of ocular position on myopia progression, along with other factors affecting perceptual ocular position and intermittent exotropia, is discussed. The primary objective of this article is to unveil the multifaceted visual performance influencing myopia and its progression, elucidating the paramount significance of accommodative function, convergence function, and ocular position in this context.

The theory of"lung governing skin and hair"has always occupied an important position in the clinical practice of traditional Chinese medicine.However,in western medicine,the close correlation between the lungs and the skin in health and disease has not been established.The difference between these two medical views has triggered an urgent need for the scientific interpretation and clinical application of the theory of"lung governing skin and hair"in western medicine.Therefore,the purpose of this paper is to discuss the application of"lung governing skin and hair"in chinese medicine and the correlation between the lung and the skin in western medicine from the connotation and history of"lung governing skin and hair"in Chinese medicine.In addition,we will discuss the common pathologic biomarkers of lung and skin diseases in western medicine and the co-morbidities between lung and skin,with the aim to provide new ideas for the clinical diagnosis and treatment of lung and skin diseases and modern research,as well as providing a direction for the integration of the theory of"lung governing skin and hair"into the clinical practice of western medicine.

Objective To compare and analyze the differences between customized models and commercial universal models in the segmentation of organs-at-risk in cervical cancer,and to investigate the feasibility of customized models.Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on 270 cervical cancer patients.Senior clinicians manually delineated organs-at-risk,including the bladder,rectum,small intestine,pelvic bone marrow,femoral heads,and kidneys.The cases were randomly selected to develop customized models,with 202 cases allocated to the training set,38 cases to the test set,and 30 cases to the validation set.The universal and customized models were used for segmentation on the test set,and the automatic segmentation results obtained by the two models were compared with manual segmentation results to assess the performance of the customized model.Results Both customized model and universal model had comparable DSC values to manual segmentation,demonstrating satisfactory delineation outcomes(DSC values ranging from 0.7 to 0.9).However,in terms of deviation of centroid and 95％Hausdorff distance,the customized model surpassed the universal model.Conclusion Compared with the universal model,the customized model offers superior accuracy in delineating the structures of organs-at-risk in cervical cancer.As the customized model is optimized based on specific datasets,it provides precise support for clinical decision-making and holds promising applications in the treatment of cervical cancer.

As a type of experiential psychotherapy,Satir communication model can help the individual system and the family system achieve a state from dysfunction to healthy function,which can enrich the intervention connotation of family support and provide a new direction for the realization of full-life circle care.This paper aims to introduce the concept,core elements,common treatment techniques,application and effects,current challenges and relevant suggestions of Satir communication model in the nursing field from the perspective of family support,in order to provide references for the localization development and clinical integration of Satir communication model in the field of nursing in China.

Objective The efficacy and safety of pitolisant in the treatment of adult narcolepsy have been confirmed in clinical trials abroad， but there is a lack of data on the application of pitolisant in Chinese patients. The aim of this study is to investigate the efficacy and safety of pitolisant in the treatment of adult narcolepsy in China.Methods A total of 30 subjects were enrolled in this study and were given individualized titration once a day for 8 weeks. Epworth Somnolence Scale （EES） and daily cataplexy rate （DCR） were used as the primary outcome measures，and Clinical Global Impression-Severity scale（CGI-S） and Clinical Global Impression of Change Scale （CGI-C） were used as the secondary outcome measures；safety indicators included adverse event （AE） records and laboratory examination.Results The results showed that there were significant improvements in ESS score and number of cataplexy attacks after medication. At the end of treatment，ESS score was reduced by（7.63±4.79）（P<0.001）. For all subjects， the average daily number of cataplexy attacks was 0.83 at baseline，which was reduced significantly to （0.39±0.82）after 3 weeks of pitolisant treatment and（0.38±0.79）after 5 weeks of pitolisant treatment（P<0.05）. After the treatment ended， the median CGI-S score of excessive daytime sleepiness （EDS） improved from "severe" at baseline to "mild"（P<0.001）， and the CGI-S score of cataplexy improved from "mild" at baseline to "basically normal"（P<0.001）. Most AEs were mild and did not receive any drug treatment， and there were no significant changes in other laboratory markers used to monitor the general condition of the subjects before and after treatment. Conclusion Pitolisant has good efficacy and safety in the treatment of EDS and cataplexy in Chinese adults with narcolepsy.
Narcolepsy ; Histamine ; Cataplexy

OBJECTIVE To explore the mechanism of Kuaisong yin in the prevention and treatment of constipation. METHODS Slow transit constipation （STC） model was established with Compound difenoxylate tablet in mice and rats. Two batches of mice were divided into blank group， model group， positive control group （Maren soft capsule， 0.64 g/kg）， Kuaisong yin low-dose， medium-dose and high-dose groups （3.2， 6.4， 12.8 g/kg）， with 10 mice in each group. The effect of Kuaisong yin on constipation in mice was evaluated by intestinal propulsion experiment and defecation experiment. Rats were divided into blank group， model group， positive control group （Maren soft capsule，0.36 g/kg）， Kuaisong yin low-dose and high-dose groups （2.4， 4.8 g/kg）， with 7 or 8 rats in each group. They were given relevant medicine once a day for 1 week. The metabonomics of serum and urine of rats were analyzed by UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS technology. RESULTS Compared with model group， the ink propulsion rate and 5 h defecation volume of mice in Kuaisong yin high-dose group were significantly increased （P＜0.05）； the first defecation time of mice in Kuaisong yin medium-dose and high-dose groups was significantly shortened， and the quality of defecation was significantly reduced within 5 h （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）. Serum metabonomics screened 16 compounds （such as proline， propionylcarnitine， hemolytic phosphatidylcholine， etc.） and 6 metabolic pathways （such as sphingomyelin metabolism， arginine and proline metabolism， sphingolipid biosynthesis-lactose and neolactone series）. Urine metabonomics screened 20 different metabolites （such as prostaglandin A2， L-valine， phosphatidylcholine， sphingomyelin， etc.） and 8 metabolic pathways （such as valine， leucine and isoleucine biosynthesis， sphingomyelin metabolism， pyruvate metabolism， etc.）. CONCLUSIONS Kuaisong yin can play a role in improving constipation by regulating different metabolites such as hemolytic phosphatidylcholine， phosphatidylcholine， prostaglandin A2， L-valine， proline， and regulating metabolic pathways such as multiple amino acid metabolism， sphingomyelin metabolism， etc.