With the continuous deepening of the concept of precision diagnosis and treatment for lung cancer, how to achieve higher efficiency and accuracy in the screening, diagnosis, and treatment pathways in clinical practice has become an important issue that urgently needs to be overcome. The current clinical difficulty lies in the fact that despite continuous advancements in imaging and molecular diagnostic technologies, there are still limitations in manual efficiency and subjective experience when it comes to massive data analysis and multi-scale feature extraction. Artificial intelligence (AI), especially algorithm systems based on deep learning, is an innovative technology capable of deeply empowering medical big data. This method utilizes algorithms such as convolutional neural networks, combined with radiomics, pathomics, and multi-modal data fusion analysis, demonstrating immense potential in early precise detection and benign-malignant differentiation of pulmonary nodules, digital pathological subtype recognition and non-invasive prediction of driver genes, precise 3D surgical planning and automatic delineation of radiotherapy target volumes, as well as dynamic risk warning during follow-up. This innovative technology provides a brand-new solution for realizing intelligent and individualized lung cancer diagnosis and treatment models. This consensus, based on the latest evidence from evidence-based medicine and combined with the development trends in the AI field and real-world clinical needs, was ultimately formed by gathering the consensus opinions of multidisciplinary experts in radiology, pathology, thoracic surgery, and other fields. The main content covers the application specifications of AI in the three core scenarios of lung cancer screening, diagnosis, and treatment, the technical standards for data collection and algorithm validation, as well as the ethical and regulatory challenges faced at the current stage. It aims to clarify the applicable boundaries of AI as a clinical auxiliary decision support tool, providing scientific guidance and standardized exploration directions for peers currently engaged in or planning to carry out AI-assisted clinical diagnosis, treatment, and translation of lung cancer.

BACKGROUND:Gait dysfunction is one of the significant reasons for patient dissatisfaction following total knee arthroplasty.Clinical studies have identified a relationship between the preoperative strength of the quadriceps and hamstring muscles and postoperative gait dysfunction,but the exact nature of this correlation is not yet fully understood.OBJECTIVE:To investigate the correlation between the preoperative strength of the quadriceps and hamstring muscles and postoperative gait dysfunction in total knee arthroplasty.METHODS:A retrospective analysis was conducted on longitudinal data from 70 patients who underwent unilateral primary total knee arthroplasty.Preoperative measurements included peak torque of the extensor and flexor muscles,peak torque/body weight,and total work.Six months postoperatively,the Timed Up and Go Test and gait speed were measured.Ridge regression analysis was used to identify factors influencing postoperative gait function.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)Preoperative peak torque,peak torque/body weight,and total work of the extensor muscles,as well as the peak torque and total work of the flexor muscles,showed a very strong positive correlation with postoperative gait speed(P＜0.001).The preoperative flexor muscle peak torque/body weight had a strong positive correlation with postoperative gait speed(P＜0.001).Preoperative extensor and flexor muscle peak torques,peak torque/body weight,and total work showed a very strong negative correlation with results from postoperative Timed Up and Go Test(P＜0.001).(2)Ridge regression analysis indicated a 94.2％likelihood that preoperative extensor muscle peak torque,peak torque/body weight,and total work,along with flexor muscle peak torque and total work,had a positive impact on gait speed after total knee arthroplasty(P＜0.001).The preoperative flexor muscle peak torque/body weight had a negative impact on postoperative gait speed(P＜0.001).There was an 87.7％likelihood that preoperative extensor and flexor muscle peak torques,peak torque/body weight,and total work,along with flexor muscle peak torque and total work,had a negative impact on postoperative Timed Up and Go Test(P＜0.05),while the flexor muscle peak torque/body weight had no impact on the Timed Up and Go Test(P＞0.05).(3)It is indicated that the strength of the quadriceps and hamstring muscles prior to total knee arthroplasty correlates with postoperative gait speed and Timed Up and Go Test,and can predict the outcomes of postoperative gait function.Enhancing preoperative knee muscle exercises may be a way to reduce the incidence of gait dysfunction following total knee arthroplasty.

Objective Based on the phosphatidylinositol kinase(PI3K)/protein kinase B(AKT)pathway and M2 polarization of macrophages,the effects of polydatin on malignant phenotype of osteosarcoma cells were investigated.Methods The macrophages were divided into M0 group,M2 group,polydatin group,and polydatin+PI3K pathway agonist 740Y-P group.The expression of arginase-1(Arg-1)and CD206 mRNAs and proteins in macrophages were detected by RT-qPCR and Western blot.Western blot was used to detect p-PI3K/PI3K and p-AKT/AKT protein expression in macrophages.The osteosarcoma cells MG-63 were divided into control group,control group(RPMI-1640 medium culture),CM-M0 group(M0 group M0 macrophage supernatant is collected for osteosarcoma cells),CM-M2 group(M2 group M2 macrophage supernatant is collected for osteosarcoma cells),CM-polydatin group(M2 macrophage supernatant in the polydatin group was collected on osteosarcoma cells),and CM-polydatin+740Y-P group(M2 macrophage supernatant was collected on osteosarcoma cells in the CM-polydatin+740Y-P group).Edu staining assay was used to detect the proliferation of MG-63 cells.Scratches and Transwell assays were used to detect the migration and invasion of MG-63 cells.Results Compared with the M0 group,the Arg-1,CD206,IL-10,p-PI3K/PI3K,p-AKT/AKT increased in the M2 group significantly(P<0.05).Compared with the M2 group,the Arg-1,CD206,IL-10,p-PI3K/PI3K,p-AKT/AKT decreased in the polydatin group significantly(P<0.05).Compared with the polydatin group,the Arg-1,CD206,IL-10,p-PI3K/PI3K,p-AKT/AKT increased in the polydatin+740Y-P group significantly(P<0.05).Compared with the CM-M0 group,the proportion of Edu-positive cells in the CM-M2 group increased significantly(P<0.05),and MG-63 cell migration and invasion rates increased significantly(P<0.05).Compared with the CM-M2 group,the proportion of Edu-positive cells in the CM-polydatin group decreased significantly(P<0.05),and MG-63 cell migration and invasion rates decreased significantly(P<0.05).Compared with the CM-polydatin group,the proportion of Edu-positive cells in the CM-polydatin+740Y-P group increased significantly(P<0.05),and MG-63 cell migration and invasion rates increased significantly(P<0.05).Conclusion Polygonum cuspidatum can inhibit the proliferation,migration and invasion of osteosarcoma cells by inhibiting the M2 polarization of macrophages,and its mechanism may be related to the inhibition of PI3K/AKT signaling pathway.

AIM:To elucidate the intervention and mechanism of 4'-hydroxychalcone(4-HC)in colitis mice through the regulation of Th17/Treg homeostasis.METHODS:Using a dextran sodium sulfate(DSS)-induced colitis model in mice,we meticulously observed the pathological characteristics of colon tissue via HE staining.Additionally,we employed immunohistochemical analysis and Western blot techniques to assess the expression levels of proteins associated with the JAK/STAT signaling pathway,as well as the specific content of tight junction proteins such as ZO-1 and occludin.The differentiation of Th17 and Treg cells was analyzed through flow cytometry.RESULTS:Compared to the normal group,the DSS group exhibited a consistent decline in body weight,coupled with symptoms of diarrhea and hematochezia,an increase in the DAI score,and a notable reduction in colon length.In contrast,the body weight of the 4-HC group dis-played an upward trend following an initial decrease,with improvements in diarrhea and hematochezia symptoms,a reduc-tion in the DAI score,and a restoration of colon length relative to the model group.The integrity of colon tissue in the 4-HC group was significantly better than that in the DSS group,evidenced by a marked increase in the number of goblet cells and an enhancement in crypt integrity,while the average histology score showed a decrease.Western blot analysis re-vealed substantial increase in ZO-1 and occludin expression after 4-HC treatment.Flow cytometry results indicated a dra-matic decrease in the differentiation rate of Th17 cells in spleen lymphocytes and mesenteric lymph nodes,while the dif-ferentiation rate of Treg cells was significantly elevated.Immunohistochemical and Western blot analyses demonstrated that 4-HC markedly reduced the phosphorylation of STAT1 and STAT3,while up-regulating the phosphorylation of STAT6,suggesting that 4-HC modulates CD4+T cell activity through the JAK-STAT pathway.CONCLUSION:The 4-HC may enhance the course of DSS-induced colitis in mice,alleviate colonic tissue damage,and modulate the balance be-tween Th17 and Treg cells,potentially involving the JAK/STAT signaling pathway.

BACKGROUND:Gait dysfunction is one of the significant reasons for patient dissatisfaction following total knee arthroplasty.Clinical studies have identified a relationship between the preoperative strength of the quadriceps and hamstring muscles and postoperative gait dysfunction,but the exact nature of this correlation is not yet fully understood.OBJECTIVE:To investigate the correlation between the preoperative strength of the quadriceps and hamstring muscles and postoperative gait dysfunction in total knee arthroplasty.METHODS:A retrospective analysis was conducted on longitudinal data from 70 patients who underwent unilateral primary total knee arthroplasty.Preoperative measurements included peak torque of the extensor and flexor muscles,peak torque/body weight,and total work.Six months postoperatively,the Timed Up and Go Test and gait speed were measured.Ridge regression analysis was used to identify factors influencing postoperative gait function.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)Preoperative peak torque,peak torque/body weight,and total work of the extensor muscles,as well as the peak torque and total work of the flexor muscles,showed a very strong positive correlation with postoperative gait speed(P＜0.001).The preoperative flexor muscle peak torque/body weight had a strong positive correlation with postoperative gait speed(P＜0.001).Preoperative extensor and flexor muscle peak torques,peak torque/body weight,and total work showed a very strong negative correlation with results from postoperative Timed Up and Go Test(P＜0.001).(2)Ridge regression analysis indicated a 94.2％likelihood that preoperative extensor muscle peak torque,peak torque/body weight,and total work,along with flexor muscle peak torque and total work,had a positive impact on gait speed after total knee arthroplasty(P＜0.001).The preoperative flexor muscle peak torque/body weight had a negative impact on postoperative gait speed(P＜0.001).There was an 87.7％likelihood that preoperative extensor and flexor muscle peak torques,peak torque/body weight,and total work,along with flexor muscle peak torque and total work,had a negative impact on postoperative Timed Up and Go Test(P＜0.05),while the flexor muscle peak torque/body weight had no impact on the Timed Up and Go Test(P＞0.05).(3)It is indicated that the strength of the quadriceps and hamstring muscles prior to total knee arthroplasty correlates with postoperative gait speed and Timed Up and Go Test,and can predict the outcomes of postoperative gait function.Enhancing preoperative knee muscle exercises may be a way to reduce the incidence of gait dysfunction following total knee arthroplasty.

OBJECTIVE To compare the efficacy， safety， and cost-effectiveness of two different formulations of short-acting recombinant human growth hormone （rhGH） in the treatment of patients with short stature. METHODS Data from patients with short stature treated with short-acting rhGH at the Leshan People’s Hospital from August 2016 to June 2023 were collected. Patients were divided into powder formulation group and aqueous formulation group based on the rhGH formulation used. The changes in growth-related efficacy indicators and the occurrence of adverse drug reactions were compared between two groups after 12 months of treatment； cost-effectiveness analysis and sensitivity analysis were used to compare the cost per unit of effect achieved； subgroup analysis was performed by dividing the patients into growth hormone deficiency （GHD） subgroup and idiopathic short stature （ISS） subgroup based on clinical diagnosis. RESULTS After 12 months of treatment， the height and the levels of insulin-like growth factor-1 and insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3 in serum in aqueous formulation group and powder formulation group were significantly increased compared to before treatment （P＜0.001）， but there was no statistically significant difference in the changes of the above indicators between the two groups（P＞0.05）. The analysis results of GHD and ISS subgroups were consistent with the overall population. In the overall population， the cost-effectiveness ratio of powder formulation group （2 582 yuan/cm） was significantly better than that of aqueous formulation group （6 729 yuan/cm）， with a statistically significant difference （P＜0.001）， and the result was consistent in the GHD and ISS subgroups as well as in the sensitivity analysis. No serious adverse drug reactions occurred in either powder formulation or aqueous formulation group， and there was no statistically significant difference in the incidence of various adverse reactions between two groups （P＞0.05）. CONCLUSIONS Short-acting rhGH powder and aqueous formulations have equivalent efficacy and safety， but the powder formulation has greater economic advantages.

Objective To investigate the impact of Astragaloside-IV (AS-IV) on the progression of myocardial infarction (MI) through macrophage-dependent mechanisms by regulating Snail1 lactylation and acetylation, as well as the transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) pathway. Methods Oxygen glucose deprivation (OGD) was used to establish an in vitro myocardial ischemia model in rat cardiomyocytes (H9c2), which were then treated with AS-IV. Cell viability was assessed using CCK-8, apoptosis was evaluated by flow cytometry, and LDH levels were measured to assess cellular damage. RAW246.7 cells were treated with LPS, and lactate levels in the supernatant were measured using ELISA, while expression of macrophage phenotype markers was evaluated using Western blot. RAW246.7 cell-conditioned medium (CM) was co-cultured with H9c2 cells to assess the protective effects of AS-IV on macrophage CM-mediated H9c2 damage. RAW246.7 cells were induced to differentiate into M1-like macrophages using LPS (100 ng/mL) + IFN-γ (20 ng/mL), and Snail1 was overexpressed in M1 macrophages. Transfected M1 macrophage CM was co-cultured with H9c2 cells to validate the mechanisms of AS-IV in MI. An MI rat model was established by ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD), and was treated with AS-IV. Cardiac function, myocardial cell apoptosis, and cardiac tissue pathology were studied using echocardiography, TUNEL, and HE staining, respectively. Results Compared to the OGD group, AS-IV treatment promoted cell viability, reduced apoptosis and decreased LDH release. LPS upregulated lactate levels in the supernatant of RAW246.7 cell cultures and induced polarization of RAW246.7 cells to the M1 phenotype. AS-IV attenuated the damaging effects of RAW246.7 cell CM on H9c2 cells . Overexpression of Snail1 in M1 macrophages weakened the protective effects of AS-IV on H9c2 cells . In vivo study, results showed that, compared to the MI group, AS-IV treatment reduced lactate levels in the hearts of MI rats, improved cardiac function and myocardial injury and attenuated myocardial cell apoptosis. Conclusion AS-IV inhibits TGF-β pathway activation through the suppression of Snail1 lactylation and acetylation in a macrophage-dependent manner, thereby mitigating myocardial cell damage following MI.
Animals ; Myocardial Infarction/drug therapy* ; Rats ; Snail Family Transcription Factors/metabolism* ; Macrophages/cytology* ; Myocytes, Cardiac/metabolism* ; Triterpenes/pharmacology* ; Saponins/pharmacology* ; Acetylation/drug effects* ; Apoptosis/drug effects* ; Mice ; Cell Line ; RAW 264.7 Cells ; Transforming Growth Factor beta/metabolism*

Objective Based on the phosphatidylinositol kinase(PI3K)/protein kinase B(AKT)pathway and M2 polarization of macrophages,the effects of polydatin on malignant phenotype of osteosarcoma cells were investigated.Methods The macrophages were divided into M0 group,M2 group,polydatin group,and polydatin+PI3K pathway agonist 740Y-P group.The expression of arginase-1(Arg-1)and CD206 mRNAs and proteins in macrophages were detected by RT-qPCR and Western blot.Western blot was used to detect p-PI3K/PI3K and p-AKT/AKT protein expression in macrophages.The osteosarcoma cells MG-63 were divided into control group,control group(RPMI-1640 medium culture),CM-M0 group(M0 group M0 macrophage supernatant is collected for osteosarcoma cells),CM-M2 group(M2 group M2 macrophage supernatant is collected for osteosarcoma cells),CM-polydatin group(M2 macrophage supernatant in the polydatin group was collected on osteosarcoma cells),and CM-polydatin+740Y-P group(M2 macrophage supernatant was collected on osteosarcoma cells in the CM-polydatin+740Y-P group).Edu staining assay was used to detect the proliferation of MG-63 cells.Scratches and Transwell assays were used to detect the migration and invasion of MG-63 cells.Results Compared with the M0 group,the Arg-1,CD206,IL-10,p-PI3K/PI3K,p-AKT/AKT increased in the M2 group significantly(P<0.05).Compared with the M2 group,the Arg-1,CD206,IL-10,p-PI3K/PI3K,p-AKT/AKT decreased in the polydatin group significantly(P<0.05).Compared with the polydatin group,the Arg-1,CD206,IL-10,p-PI3K/PI3K,p-AKT/AKT increased in the polydatin+740Y-P group significantly(P<0.05).Compared with the CM-M0 group,the proportion of Edu-positive cells in the CM-M2 group increased significantly(P<0.05),and MG-63 cell migration and invasion rates increased significantly(P<0.05).Compared with the CM-M2 group,the proportion of Edu-positive cells in the CM-polydatin group decreased significantly(P<0.05),and MG-63 cell migration and invasion rates decreased significantly(P<0.05).Compared with the CM-polydatin group,the proportion of Edu-positive cells in the CM-polydatin+740Y-P group increased significantly(P<0.05),and MG-63 cell migration and invasion rates increased significantly(P<0.05).Conclusion Polygonum cuspidatum can inhibit the proliferation,migration and invasion of osteosarcoma cells by inhibiting the M2 polarization of macrophages,and its mechanism may be related to the inhibition of PI3K/AKT signaling pathway.

OBJECTIVE To provide standardized whole-process guidance on drug traceability codes for medical institutions in Sichuan province， ensuring medication safety and compliance with medical insurance supervision requirements. METHODS Based on evidence-based principles and expert consensus， Expert Consensus on Whole-process Management of Drug Traceability Codes in Medical Institutions of Sichuan Province （hereinafter referred to as the Consensus） was formulated through systematic literature review， field investigations， establishment of a multidisciplinary expert committee and multiple rounds of questionnare consultation via the modified Delphi method， and finalized through consensus meetings. RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS The Consensus clarifies key operating procedures for code verification， code assignment and code return， whole-process operational standards for drug warehouse acceptance and storage， drug warehouse outbound delivery and pharmacy acceptance check， drug distribution and dispensing in pharmacy and intravenous admixture center， medication administration in nursing units and examination departments， as well as drug return process. Key recommendations are proposed such as improving the core functions of the drug traceability system， unifying the hospital-wide traceability code database， strengthening the management of traceability codes for backup medications， establishing a management organization and institutional framework， and optimizing the architectural design and data governance requirements of the drug traceability system. The release of the Consensus will provide scientific， standardized and implementable practical guidelines for medical institutions of Sichuan province， helping to improve closed-loop management of the drug traceability system， strengthen medication safety and fulfil medical insurance fund supervision.

Paramyxoviruses are important respiratory pathogens with substantial clinical relevance in pediatric infectious diseases. During infection, multiple forms of programmed cell death (PCD) may be induced, and this plays pivotal roles in viral replication, dissemination, and host immune responses, thereby profoundly influencing the viral life cycle and disease progression. On one hand, PCD facilitates the clearance of infected cells, restricts viral spread, and activates host immune defenses, thereby enhancing antiviral immunity. On the other hand, excessive or dysregulated cell death may lead to tissue damage and immune imbalance, creating a microenvironment conducive to viral replication and exacerbating disease severity. For instance, apoptosis-mediated by both extrinsic and intrinsic pathways-contributes to infection control but may also be hijacked by viruses to promote dissemination. Pyroptosis, driven by inflammasome activation, triggers lytic cell death and the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Necroptosis, mediated by the RIPK1-RIPK3-MLKL signaling axis, and pyroptosis both amplify innate immune responses but may concurrently induce inflammatory dysregulation. Immunogenic cell death (ICD), characterized by the release of damage-associated molecular patterns and neoantigens, activates antigen-specific immune responses and holds therapeutic potential for antiviral and antitumor interventions. Emerging evidence suggests that ferroptosis, through the modulation of iron metabolism and associated transporters, may also participate in viral replication and infected cell clearance. This review comprehensively summarizes the roles of apoptosis, pyroptosis, necroptosis, ICD, and ferroptosis in paramyxovirus infection, aiming to deepen the understanding of paramyxovirus pathogenesis and to provide insights for developing novel antiviral strategies.
Humans ; Paramyxoviridae Infections/pathology* ; Pyroptosis ; Apoptosis ; Virus Replication ; Necroptosis ; Inflammasomes ; Immunity, Innate ; Immunogenic Cell Death ; Paramyxoviridae/physiology* ; Signal Transduction