Objective To investigate the radon activity concentrations in subways of Nanning City and assess the average annual effective doses for subway staff and passengers due to radon exposure. Methods Sixty-three stations across the subway lines 2, 3, and 5 were selected as study sites. Radon activity concentrations were measured using the scintillation counting method with scintillation vials. Results The radon activity concentrations in subway lines 2, 3, and 5 were 7.9-24.4, 12.0-26.2, and 12.6-18.2 Bq/m³, respectively. The average radon activity concentrations for these three lines were (17.4 ± 4.6), (19.1 ± 4.1), and (14.6 ± 1.7) Bq/m³, respectively. Statistical analysis using SPSS 26.0 software revealed a significant difference in radon activity concentrations among these stations (P<0.01). Considering the data in previous research, the average radon activity concentration across all stations in the subway lines of Nanning City was determined to be 17.4 Bq/m³. The estimated average annual effective dose due to radon exposure was 0.131 mSv for subway staff and 0.033 mSv for passengers. Conclusion The radon activity concentrations in the subway lines of Nanning City were significantly lower than the national standard limit (400 Bq/m³). The annual effective doses from radon exposure for both subway staff and passengers were below the limits specified in the Basic Standards for Protection Against Ionizing Radiation and for the Safety of Radiation Sources (GB18871—2002). The health impact of radon and its progeny on subway staff and passengers in the subway lines of Nanning City was extremely low and can be considered negligible.

ObjectiveTo investigate the inhibitory effect of tauroursodeoxycholic acid （TUDCA） on neurogenic heterotopic ossification （NHO） after spinal cord injury and its potential mechanism. MethodsSPF-grade male C57BL/6 mice were used to establish an NHO model. The mice were randomly divided into three groups： sham operation group （laminectomy only）， NHO model group （spinal cord injury + intramuscular injection of cardiotoxin）， and TUDCA treatment group （NHO model + daily intragastric administration of TUDCA at 200 mg/kg for 4 consecutive weeks）. The area and maturity of heterotopic ossification were quantitatively assessed by micro-computed tomography（micro-CT） and hematoxylin-eosin（H&E） staining. Flow cytometry was used to quantify the interleukin（IL）-1β secretion level of M2 macrophages. RAW264.7 macrophages were cultured in vitro and divided into control， tumor necrosis factor（TNF）α， and TNFα+TUDCA （200 μmol/L） groups to detect the expression level of the polarization marker CD206. Additionally， macrophages were divided into control， TUDCA 200 μmol/L， and TUDCA 400 μmol/L groups to assess the IL-1β secretion level. ResultsCompared with the NHO group， the bone volume in the TUDCA-treated group was significantly reduced （12.69±1.13 vs. 7.647±1.19， P=0.003）. Compared with the TNFα group， qPCR results showed that the expression of the M2 macrophage marker CD206 was significantly upregulated in the TNFα+TUDCA group （0.55±0.019，1.11±0.023， P＜0.001）. Compared with the control group， ELISA results showed that TUDCA stimulation of macrophages significantly upregulated IL-1β secretion （404.7±24.38 vs. 652.8±32.61， P=0.003 7）. TUDCA administration upregulated IL-1β secretion by local muscle macrophages and inhibited heterotopic ossification formation. ConclusionsTUDCA might participate in inhibiting NHO formation by inducing M2 macrophage polarization and upregulating IL-1β secretion， thereby alleviating the development and progression of neurogenic heterotopic ossification after spinal cord injury. This finding provides experimental evidence for expanding the application of TUDCA in the treatment of complications following spinal cord injury.

Cerebral small vessel disease represents a group of common vascular disorders involving pathological changes in arterioles,capillaries and venules,with microvascular investigation remaining a key challenge in stroke.With high signal-to-noise ratio and high contrast enabled by enhanced field strength,7T MRI can surpass the resolution limits of 3T MRI,revealing structural and functional abnormalities in cerebral small vessels below 400 μm,as well as detecting subtle lesions in brain tissue.This paper reviews the research progress of multimodal high-resolution imaging techniques based on 7T MRI,such as time-of-flight angiography,phase contrast imaging and susceptibility imaging,in the study of cerebral small vessel disease.Utilizing these technologies,7T MRI can clearly display the structure of cerebral small vessels,such as the lenticulostriate arteries and deep medullary veins,and measure functional parameters like flow velocity and susceptibility.Additionally,it can sensitively detect cerebral microbleeds and cortical cerebral microinfarct.These imaging data provide valuable information for detecting early features of cerebral small vessel disease and assessing its progression,offering new insights into its pathogenesis.Combined with artificial intelligence-based image analysis methods,7T MRI holds great promise for early diagnosis and progression evaluation in cerebral small vessel disease.

Purpose To investigate the changes in quadriceps femoris microcirculatory perfusion level after low-load blood flow restriction training and its relationship with muscle strength.Materials and Methods Twenty-five healthy subjects were prospectively recruited in the First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University from September to November 2022.A 200 mmHg pressure cuff was applied at the root of the left thigh for blood flow restriction,and the subjects completed regular knee extension training within 4 weeks.Before the first training session and within 24 hours after the last training session,all subjects underwent scanning with the 3.0T MRI intravoxel incoherent motion sequence and the multi-echo steady-state acquisition three-dimentional imaging sequence.After image post-processing,the quadriceps femoris cross-sectional area,perfusion fraction and pseudo-diffusion coefficient were obtained,and the peak torque was measured using an isokinetic dynamometer.The MRI and muscle strength test parameters before and after training were compared,and correlation analyses were performed between the change of peak torque and the change of perfusion fraction,cross-sectional area,and pseudo-diffusion coefficient respectively.Results After low-load blood flow restriction training,the cross-sectional area of the left quadriceps femoris in subjects increased(t=-4.515,P<0.05).Among its components,the cross-sectional area of the left rectus femoris,vastus intermedius and vastus lateralis all increased(t=-3.302,-2.877,-3.207,all P<0.05).The perfusion fraction value of the left quadriceps femoris increased(t=-5.447,P<0.05);the perfusion fraction values of the left rectus femoris,vastus intermedius,vastus lateralis and vastus medialis all increased(t=-5.723,-4.621,-3.767,-4.682,all P<0.05);the muscle strength of the left quadriceps femoris increased(t=-3.983,P<0.05).There was a highly positive correlation between change of perfusion fraction and peak torque of the left quadriceps femoris in subjects(r=0.708,P<0.05).Conclusion After low-load blood flow restriction training,the changes in quadriceps femoris muscle microperfusion quantified by intravoxel incoherent motion are related to muscle strength,which is helpful for formulating rehabilitation training strategies for young patients.

Cerebral small vessel disease represents a group of common vascular disorders involving pathological changes in arterioles,capillaries and venules,with microvascular investigation remaining a key challenge in stroke.With high signal-to-noise ratio and high contrast enabled by enhanced field strength,7T MRI can surpass the resolution limits of 3T MRI,revealing structural and functional abnormalities in cerebral small vessels below 400 μm,as well as detecting subtle lesions in brain tissue.This paper reviews the research progress of multimodal high-resolution imaging techniques based on 7T MRI,such as time-of-flight angiography,phase contrast imaging and susceptibility imaging,in the study of cerebral small vessel disease.Utilizing these technologies,7T MRI can clearly display the structure of cerebral small vessels,such as the lenticulostriate arteries and deep medullary veins,and measure functional parameters like flow velocity and susceptibility.Additionally,it can sensitively detect cerebral microbleeds and cortical cerebral microinfarct.These imaging data provide valuable information for detecting early features of cerebral small vessel disease and assessing its progression,offering new insights into its pathogenesis.Combined with artificial intelligence-based image analysis methods,7T MRI holds great promise for early diagnosis and progression evaluation in cerebral small vessel disease.

Objective To observe the value of advanced patient motion correction(APMC)technology for improving imaging quality of low-dose pediatric chest CT.Methods Ninety-six children who received low-dose chest CT scan were retrospectively enrolled.CT images were reconstructed using full reconstruction technique(FULL)or APMC for both lung window and mediastinal window.Then the imaging qualities were subjectively evaluated according to image clarity,degree of motion artifacts,sharpness of structural edges and overall quality.The indexes of objective evaluation of imaging quality included the mean CT values of unit density pixel within ROI on lung window and mediastinal window,the standard deviation of CT values(SDCT)representing image noise,as well as signal-to-noise ratio(SNR).Sobel operator edge detection was performed on images,recording the mean gray level(G)and the standard deviation of gray value in Sobel(SDsobel)within ROI.Comparisons were made between FULL reconstruction and corrected images with APMC reconstruction in terms of subjective and objective evaluations,as well as parameters obtained from Sobel output images.Results Compared to FULL reconstruction,APMC corrected images showed reduced motion artifacts,improved edge structure sharpness and enhanced overall image quality(all P＜0.05),while there was no significant difference of image clarity(P＞0.05).Meanwhile,with APMC reconstructions,the mean CT values,SDCT on lung window and SDCT on mediastinal window increased(all P＜0.05),but there was no significant difference for the mean CT values on mediastinal window(P＞0.05),and SNR on both lung window and mediastinal window decreased(both P＜0.05).Besides,for Sobel output images,compared to FULL reconstruction,APMC reconstruction had increased G and SDsobel on both lung window and mediastinal window(all P＜0.05).Conclusion APMC technology applicated in low-dose chest CT scan of children could effectively reduce motion artifacts,improve edge clarity and imaging quality,hence enhance diagnostic sensitivity.

ObjectiveThis study aims to analyze animal models of anxiety disorder based on the clinical characteristics of anxiety disorder in traditional Chinese and Western medicine， systematically assess the clinical compatibility， and provide suggestions for the construction of animal models with a high degree of clinical compatibility between traditional Chinese and Western medicine. MethodsRelevant literature on animal models of anxiety disorder was retrieved from global databases. Scoring scales were developed according to the etiology， pathogenesis， and diagnostic criteria of anxiety disorder in both traditional Chinese and Western medicine. The animal models of anxiety disorder in the literature were analyzed， and their clinical compatibility was systematically assessed to identify reference-worthy models. ResultsThe average clinical compatibility of existing animal models of anxiety disorder was 42.13% for traditional Chinese medicine and 50.94% for Western medicine. Among these， the chronic unpredictable mild stress （CUMS） model had the highest compatibility with both traditional Chinese and Western medicine. However， current models rarely reflect the clinical syndromes of traditional Chinese medicine in depth， and show limitations in syndrome differentiation. ConclusionThe existing animal models of anxiety disorder are mostly established using single-factor approaches， which fail to comprehensively simulate the onset process and physiopathological characteristics of anxiety disorder. These models also neglect the syndrome-based indicators emphasized in traditional Chinese medicine. In the future， the model development should incorporate the clinical characteristics of syndromes in both traditional Chinese and Western medicine， establish standardized evaluation criteria for anxiety disorder models， and utilize multifactorial approaches to enhance the representativeness of animal models in traditional Chinese medicine.

OBJECTIVE To provide standardized whole-process guidance on drug traceability codes for medical institutions in Sichuan province， ensuring medication safety and compliance with medical insurance supervision requirements. METHODS Based on evidence-based principles and expert consensus， Expert Consensus on Whole-process Management of Drug Traceability Codes in Medical Institutions of Sichuan Province （hereinafter referred to as the Consensus） was formulated through systematic literature review， field investigations， establishment of a multidisciplinary expert committee and multiple rounds of questionnare consultation via the modified Delphi method， and finalized through consensus meetings. RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS The Consensus clarifies key operating procedures for code verification， code assignment and code return， whole-process operational standards for drug warehouse acceptance and storage， drug warehouse outbound delivery and pharmacy acceptance check， drug distribution and dispensing in pharmacy and intravenous admixture center， medication administration in nursing units and examination departments， as well as drug return process. Key recommendations are proposed such as improving the core functions of the drug traceability system， unifying the hospital-wide traceability code database， strengthening the management of traceability codes for backup medications， establishing a management organization and institutional framework， and optimizing the architectural design and data governance requirements of the drug traceability system. The release of the Consensus will provide scientific， standardized and implementable practical guidelines for medical institutions of Sichuan province， helping to improve closed-loop management of the drug traceability system， strengthen medication safety and fulfil medical insurance fund supervision.

The advancement of tissue clearing technology has significantly propelled neuroscience research. Nevertheless, the fluorescent proteins used in traditional transgenic mouse strains were not specifically optimized for tissue clearing procedures, resulting in a substantial decrease in fluorescent intensity after clearing. In this study, we developed the Ci1 reporter mouse strain (where Ci stands for the Chinese Institute for Brain Research, CIBR) based on the bright red fluorescent protein mScarlet. The Ci1 reporter exhibits no fluorescence leakage in various organs or tissue types and can be readily crossed with multiple tissue-specific Cre lines. Compared to the Ai14 mouse strain, the Ci1 reporter strain demonstrates lower non-specific leakage, stronger fluorescence intensity in different tissues, and better preservation of fluorescence following tissue clearing treatment. The creation of the Ci1 reporter provides a more effective tool for both neuroscience and other biomedical research applications.
Animals ; Luminescent Proteins/metabolism* ; Mice, Transgenic ; Mice ; Red Fluorescent Protein ; Brain/metabolism* ; Genes, Reporter ; Fluorescence

Purpose To investigate the changes in quadriceps femoris microcirculatory perfusion level after low-load blood flow restriction training and its relationship with muscle strength.Materials and Methods Twenty-five healthy subjects were prospectively recruited in the First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University from September to November 2022.A 200 mmHg pressure cuff was applied at the root of the left thigh for blood flow restriction,and the subjects completed regular knee extension training within 4 weeks.Before the first training session and within 24 hours after the last training session,all subjects underwent scanning with the 3.0T MRI intravoxel incoherent motion sequence and the multi-echo steady-state acquisition three-dimentional imaging sequence.After image post-processing,the quadriceps femoris cross-sectional area,perfusion fraction and pseudo-diffusion coefficient were obtained,and the peak torque was measured using an isokinetic dynamometer.The MRI and muscle strength test parameters before and after training were compared,and correlation analyses were performed between the change of peak torque and the change of perfusion fraction,cross-sectional area,and pseudo-diffusion coefficient respectively.Results After low-load blood flow restriction training,the cross-sectional area of the left quadriceps femoris in subjects increased(t=-4.515,P<0.05).Among its components,the cross-sectional area of the left rectus femoris,vastus intermedius and vastus lateralis all increased(t=-3.302,-2.877,-3.207,all P<0.05).The perfusion fraction value of the left quadriceps femoris increased(t=-5.447,P<0.05);the perfusion fraction values of the left rectus femoris,vastus intermedius,vastus lateralis and vastus medialis all increased(t=-5.723,-4.621,-3.767,-4.682,all P<0.05);the muscle strength of the left quadriceps femoris increased(t=-3.983,P<0.05).There was a highly positive correlation between change of perfusion fraction and peak torque of the left quadriceps femoris in subjects(r=0.708,P<0.05).Conclusion After low-load blood flow restriction training,the changes in quadriceps femoris muscle microperfusion quantified by intravoxel incoherent motion are related to muscle strength,which is helpful for formulating rehabilitation training strategies for young patients.