ObjectiveTo explore the molecular mechanism of Sanhuang Xiexintang （SHXXT） in protecting stress gastric ulcer （SGU） in rats through network pharmacology， molecular docking， and animal experiments. MethodThe active ingredients and corresponding targets in SHXXT were collected and screened from the Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform （TCMSP）， Traditional Chinese Medicine Information Database （TCMID）， Bioinformation Analysis Tool for Molecular Mechanism of Traditional Chinese Medicine （BATMAN-TCM）， and Swiss Target Prediction database. SGU-related targets were screened from the Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man （OMIM）， Therapeutic Target Database （TTD）， GeneCards database， and PharmGKB database. Herbal-ingredient-target （H-C-T） network was constructed by using Cytoscape 3.9.1 software. Protein-protein interaction （PPI） of drug and disease intersection targets was analyzed by using the Protein Interaction Platform （STRING） database. Gene ontology （GO） enrichment analysis and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes （KEGG） pathway analysis were conducted through the Database for Annotation Visualization and Integrated Discovery （DAVID）. The active ingredients and key targets were validated using AutodockVina 1.2.2 molecular docking software， and the experimental results were further validated through animal experiments. ResultThe 55 active ingredients were screened， and 255 potential target genes for SHXXT treatment of SGU were predicted. The PPI analysis showed that protein kinase B （Akt）， phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome ten （PTEN）， tumor necrosis factor-α （TNF-α）， interleukin-1β （IL-1β）， and cyclooxygenase-2 （COX-2） are the core targets of SHXXT for protecting SGU. GO and KEGG analyses showed that SHXXT may affect the development of SGU by regulating various biological processes such as the phosphoinositide 3-kinase （PI3K）/Akt signaling pathway and inflammatory processes. The molecular docking results showed that both the active ingredients and key targets had good binding ability. Animal experiments showed that compared with the blank group， the ulcer index （UI） of the model group was significantly increased （P<0.01）， and the serum levels of TNF-α and IL-1β significantly increased （P<0.01）. The phosphorylation level of PTEN in gastric mucosal tissue was significantly down-regulated （P<0.05）. The phosphorylation levels of PI3K， Akt， and nuclear factor kappa-B （NF-κB） were significantly up-regulated （P<0.05）. Compared with the model group， the UI of the treatment group was significantly reduced （P<0.01）， and the serum levels of TNF-α and IL-1β were significantly reduced （P<0.01）. The phosphorylation level of PTEN in gastric mucosal tissue was significantly up-regulated （P<0.01）， and the phosphorylation levels of PI3K， Akt， and NF-κB were significantly downregulated （P<0.01）. ConclusionThe application of network pharmacology prediction， molecular docking simulation， and animal experimental validation confirms that SHXXT regulates the PI3K/Akt/NF-κB signaling pathway to regulate the inflammatory response of rats and thus protects the gastric mucosa of SGU rats.

Objective: To investigate the use of e-cigarette and analyze its influencing factors among high school students in Wuhan City, so as to provide insights into developing control measures for adolescents. Methods: From September to November 2019, high school students in Wuhan City were selected by the multi-stage stratified cluster random sampling method, and basic information, e-cigarette use and second-hand smoke exposure were collected through questionnaire surveys. Proportions of e-cigarette current use and attempt to use were analyzed, and factors affecting the current use of e-cigarettes were identified using a multivariable logistic regression model. Results: Totally 5 700 questionnaires were allocated, and 5 602 valid questionnaires were recovered, with an effective rate of 98.28%. The respondents included 2 925 males (52.21%) and 2 677 females (47.79%); 4 033 high school students (71.99%) and 1 569 vocational high school students (28.01%). The proportion of attempt to use e-cigarettes was 9.23%, and the proportion of current e-cigarette use was 2.03%. Multivariable logistic regression analysis identified male (OR=2.112, 95%CI: 1.285-3.471), vocational high school (OR=1.967, 95%CI: 1.214-3.186), private high school (OR=9.684, 95%CI: 5.648-16.605), family second-hand smoke exposure (OR=3.064, 95%CI: 1.741-5.392), second-hand smoke exposure in public places (OR=4.402, 95%CI: 1.687-11.484) and having close friends who were smokers (OR=6.432, 95%CI: 3.219-12.852) as factors affecting current e-cigarette use among high school students. Conclusions The proportion of current e-cigarette use among high school students in Wuhan City was 2.03%. Male, vocational high school, private high school, second-hand smoke exposure and having close friends who were smokers may be promoting factors for e-cigarette use.

ObjectiveTo investigate the effect of Shugan Quyu Jiedu prescription （SGQYJDF） on inducing ferroptosis in hepatocellular carcinoma cells based on the tumor protein 53 （p53）/solute carrier family 7 member 11 （SLC7A11）/glutathione peroxidase 4 （GPX4） pathway. MethodMHCC97H cells were divided into the blank serum group （10% blank serum medium）， SGQYJDF-containing serum low concentration group （5% SGQYJDF-containing serum and 5% blank serum medium）， SGQYJDF-containing serum medium concentration group （7.5% SGQYJDF-containing serum and 2.5% blank serum medium）， SGQYJDF-containing serum high concentration group （10% SGQYJDF-containing serum medium） and sorafenib group （sorafenib concentration of 10 μmol·L^-1 in 10% blank serum medium）. After 24 hours of intervention， the cell survival rate was detected by cell counting kit-8 （CCK-8） assay. The cell proliferation ability was detected by 5-ethynyl-2′-deoxyuridine （EdU） staining. The intracellular ferrous ion （Fe²⁺） level was detected by ferrous ion fluorescent probe （FerroOrange） staining. The intracellular malondialdehyde （MDA） and glutathione （GSH） levels were detected by colorimetric assays. The ultrastructure of mitochondria was observed by transmission electron microscopy. The expression levels of ferroptosis-related proteins p53， SLC7A11 and GPX4 were detected by Western blot. ResultIn terms of cell viability， compared with the blank serum group， the SGQYJDF group showed a dose-dependent decrease in the survival rate of MHCC97H cells. Effect of the medium and high concentrations of SGQYJDF on the survival rate of MHCC97H cells were significantly decreased （P<0.01）. Additionally， the results of the EdU assay showed that both the medium and high concentrations of SGQYJDF were able to inhibit the proliferation ability of MHCC97H cells （P<0.05， P<0.01）. Regarding the biochemical indicators of ferroptosis， compared to the blank serum group， the medium and high concentrations of SGQYJDF were able to dose-dependently increase the intracellular Fe²⁺ level （P<0.01）. The low， medium， and high concentrations of SGQYJDF were able to dose-dependently decrease the level of GSH in MHCC97H cells （P<0.01） and increase the level of MDA in the cells （P<0.05， P<0.01）. In terms of pathway-related protein expression， compared to the blank serum group， the medium and high concentrations of SGQYJDF could significantly increase the expression of p53 （P<0.01）. The low， medium， and high concentrations of SGQYJDF could significantly decrease the expression of GPX4 （P<0.01）. The high concentration of SGQYJDF could decrease the expression of SLC7A11 （P<0.01）. In terms of the cell morphology of ferroptosis， compared with the blank serum group， transmission electron microscopy revealed that the low concentration of SGQYJDF caused mitochondrial deformation， while the medium and high concentrations of SGQYJDF resulted in reduced mitochondrial volume， increased double-layer membrane density， and decreased mitochondrial cristae. These features were similar to those of sorafenib-induced ferroptosis. Furthermore， compared with the sorafenib group， the high concentration of SGQYJDF showed no statistically significant differences in cell survival rate， proliferation ability， Fe²⁺ level， MDA level， and GSH level. ConclusionThe results suggest that SGQYJDF may induce ferroptosis and inhibit proliferation in hepatocellular carcinoma MHCC97H cells by upregulating the expression of p53， suppressing the expressions of GPX4 and SLC7A11， downregulating the level of GSH， and leading to the accumulation of intracellular Fe²⁺ and MDA.

Pien Tze Huang(PZH),a class-1 nationally protected traditional Chinese medicine(TCM),has been used to treat liver diseases such as hepatitis;however,the effect of PZH on the progression of sepsis is un-known.Here,we reported that PZH attenuated lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-induced sepsis in mice and reduced LPS-induced production of proinflammatory cytokines in macrophages by inhibiting the acti-vation of mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK)and nuclear factor-kappa B(NF-κB)signalling.Mechanistically,PZH stimulated signal transducer and activator of transcription 3(STAT3)phosphory-lation to induce the expression of A20,which could inhibit the activation of NF-κB and MAPK signalling.Knockdown of the bile acid(BA)receptor G protein-coupled bile acid receptor 1(TGR5)in macrophages abolished the effects of PZH on STAT3 phosphorylation and A20 induction,as well as the LPS-induced inflammatory response,suggesting that BAs in PZH may mediate its anti-inflammatory effects by acti-vating TGR5.Consistently,deprivation of BAs in PZH by cholestyramine resin reduced the effects of PZH on the expression of phosphorylated-STAT3 and A20,the activation of NF-κB and MAPK signalling,and the production of proinflammatory cytokines,whereas the addition of BAs to cholestyramine resin-treated PZH partially restored the inhibitory effects on the production of proinflammatory cytokines.Overall,our study identifies BAs as the effective components in PZH that activate TGR5-STAT3-A20 signalling to ameliorate LPS-induced sepsis.

Objective: To investigate the prevalence of daily smoking among residents at ages of 15 years and older in Wuhan City, so as to provide insights into tobacco control. Methods: A total of 2 700 permanent residents at ages of 15 years and older were sampled using a multistage random sampling method in three districts of Wuhan City in July, 2019. Residents' demographics, tobacco use, secondhand smoke exposure and awareness of harmful effects of tobacco were collected using the core questionnaire of the Global Adult Tobacco Survey, and the factors affecting daily smoking were identified among residents at ages of 15 years and older using a multivariable logistic regression model. Results: A total of 2 700 questionnaires were allocated, and 2 551 valid questionnaires were recovered, with an effective recovery rate of 94.48%. The respondents included 1 272 men (49.86%) and 1 279 women (50.14%), and the proportion of daily smoking was 19.84% among the respondents, with a mean daily tobacco use of 16.6 cigarettes. Multivariable logistic regression analysis identified men (OR=66.191, 95%CI: 25.344-172.873), ages of 45 to 64 years (OR=2.586, 95%CI: 1.158-5.775), farmers (OR =8.477, 95%CI: 1.126-63.786), secondhand smoke exposure at home (OR=9.395, 95%CI: 5.401-16.340), secondhand smoke exposure in workplaces (OR=1.923, 95%CI: 1.081-3.423) and no smoking at home (OR=0.459, 95%CI: 0.277-0.763) as factors affecting daily smoking among residents at ages of 15 years and older in Wuhan City. Conclusions There is a high likelihood of daily smoking among men, the middle-aged and elderly, farmers and individuals with exposure to secondhand smoke in workplaces at ages of 15 years and older in Wuhan City. Health education pertaining to tobacco control requires to be reinforced among high-risk populations, and creation of a tobacco-free home is recommended in public places and workplaces based on the complete smoking ban.

Under the leadership of the Beijing Winter Olympic Organizing Committee and the Beijing Municipal Health Commission, the Beijing Emergency Center, as the designated medical institution for the 2022 Beijing Winter Olympic Games, has completed the first aid support task of this Winter Olympic Games with other medical institutions. The author systematically analyzed the development of each link in the pre-hospital emergency support for the 2022 Beijing Winter Olympic Games, summarizes the key links of the entire Winter Olympics cycle, such as the construction of the organizational system, the formulation of support plans, and the training of support personnel, and analyzed the results of related work, so as to provide reference for the pre-hospital emergency support for China to host large-scale international events in the future.

Pre-hospital rescue is key to the emergency medical system. Based on the current pre-hospital emergency standardized system construction in China, the authors explored the standardization of pre-hospital emergency system construction, command dispatch and emergency service quality control standardization, pre-hospital classification standardization, pre-hospital emergency service capacity standardization, pre-hospital emergency and intra-hospital emergency connection standardization, standardized training for pre-hospital emergency doctors and nurses. These efforts aim to achieve such rescue and transfer criteria for patients, as " vicinity, urgency, professional needs, and intension of both patients and their families" . Such criteria if met can further reduce emergency response time and shorten the emergency radius, hence improving emergency medical services.

As a key part of the emergency medical system, pre-hospital emergency service proves critical for critical care, higher pre-hospital care success rate, improvement of patient outcome, and promotion of health recovery. This paper analyzed the status quo of pre-hospital emergency services information, discussed the application of information technology in pre-hospital industries including command and dispatch system, ambulance real-time positioning and tracking system, pre-hospital emergency video surveillance system, medical record system, electronic patient health file system, electronic payment system, and data mining and analysis system.Furthermore, it also discussed the prospect of sizably upgrading pre-hospital emergency service and building intelligent pre-hospital emergency coordination system.

Objective? To explore the effects of mother sound stimulation on nervous system development and brain function development among full-term newborns. Methods? From January to June 2017, we selected 60 newborns in Neonatology Department hospitalized for 1 to 7 days at Peking University First Hospital as subjects. All of the newborns were divided into intervention group and control group with the random number table, 30 cases in each group. Control group carried out routine nursing. On the basis of routine nursing, intervention group provided mother sound stimulation twice a day for 7 days. We observed the cerebral oxygen saturation and evaluated the nervous system development with the Neonatal Behavioral Neurological Assay (NBNA) among newborns between two groups. Results? Before intervention, there were no statistical differences in oxyhemoglobin, reduced hemoglobin, total hemoglobin and the NBNA score of newborns between two groups (P＞0.05). After intervention, the oxyhemoglobin, total hemoglobin and the NBNA score of intervention group were higher than those of control group with statistical difference (P＜ 0.05). There was no statistical difference in the reduced hemoglobin between two groups after intervention (P＞ 0.05), and no statistical difference in the reduced hemoglobin of intervention group before and after intervention (P＞0.05). Conclusions? Under the circumstance of maternal separation, the mother sound stimulation for newborns can increase brain tissue metabolism of newborn and promote their nervous development.

Objective To observe the clinical effect of Shumu-Yuntu-Zhike decoction with conventional treatment for the Gastroesophageal Reflux Cough (GERC).Methods A total of 64 patients with GERC were randomly divided into the conventional treatment group and the combined treatment group, 32 in each. The conventional treatment group took the Rabeprazole capsule and Mosapride Citrate Tablets, and the combined treatment group received the traditional prescription of Shumu-Yuntu-Zhike decoction on the basis of the conventional therapy. Two groups were treated for 8 weeks and evaluated the effect with the Visual analogue scale (VAS), Reflux diagnostic questionnaire (RDQ) and Chronic cough impact questionnaire (CCIQ) before and after 4 and 8 weeks' treatment.Results After 4 week treatment, the VAS (4.47 ± 1.32vs. 6.22 ± 1.34;t=-5.859,P<0.01), CCIQ (32.60 ± 5.83vs. 47.32 ± 5.56,t=-11.548,P<0.01) in the combined treatment group decreased significantly than the conventional group, but the RDQ (13.62 ± 2.89vs. 13.67 ± 2.77;t=-0.079, P=0.937) showed no significant difference between the two groups. After 8 weeks' treatment. After 8 week treatment, the VAS (2.57 ± 1.69vs. 4.55 ± 2.06;t=-4.676,P<0.01), CCIQ (12.47 ± 3.41vs. 23.47 ± 3.55;t=-14.126,P<0.01) in the combined treatment group decreased significantly, but the RDQ (9.18 ± 2.77vs. 9.3 ± 2.43,t=-0.202,P=0.841) showed no significant difference between the two groups. After the treatment, the total effective rate of combined treatment group was 90.6% (29/32), while the control group was 68.7% (22/32). There was significant difference between the two groups (χ2=4.730,P=0.030).Conclusions The therapy of Shumu-Yuntu-Zhike decoction combined with conventional therapy can relieve the symptom of gastroesophageal reflux cough.