Glioma is the most common primary malignant tumor of the central nervous system in adults. Despite the standard treatment of surgery combined with radiotherapy and chemotherapy, the prognosis for high-grade glioma patients remains poor, highlighting the urgent need to further explore its pathogenesis and develop new therapeutic strategies. This article reviews the research progress in the field of glioma in China in 2024, covering tumorigenesis mechanisms, tumor immune microenvironment composition, advances in imaging techniques and novel imaging agents, improvements in surgical approaches, mechanisms of radio- and chemoresistance, and explorations of new therapeutic modalities. These studies provide a solid theoretical foundation for advancing clinical diagnosis and treatment of gliomas and may offer new opportunities to improve patient outcomes.

Objective:To compare the efficacy and safety of flow diverter (FD) implantation versus stent-assisted coil embolization (SACE) in unruptured saccular aneurysms located at distal segments of the Willis circle.Methods:A retrospective study was performed; 119 patients with unruptured saccular aneurysms located at distal segments of the Willis circle who received FD implantation or SACE in Department of Neurosurgery, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Southern Medical University and Department of Cerebrovascular Surgery, Neurosurgery Center, Southern Medical University from January 2018 to May 2025 were selected. According to different surgical methods, they were divided into a FD group ( n=60) and a SACE group ( n=59). These patients were subjected to propensity score matching (PSM) using 1:1 nearest neighbor matching method to eliminate confounding factors such as gender, age, aneurysm location, and aneurysm diameter (maximum diameter); and then, differences in neurological functional prognosis (good prognosis: modified Rankin scale scores of 0-2), complete aneurysm occlusion rate (O'Kelly-Marotta grade D or Raymond occlusion classification class I), and overall (perioperative and follow-up) complications were compared between the two groups. Results:After PSM, there were 43 patients in both FD group and SACE group. No significant difference was found in clinical and imaging follow-ups (12[6, 19] months vs. 10[6, 15] months, 10[5, 19] months vs. 9[2, 15] months) between the FD group and SACE group ( P>0.05). At the last imaging follow-up, the complete aneurysm occlusion rate in the FD group (65.1%[28/43]) was significantly lower than that in the SACE group (76.7%[33/43], P<0.05). At the last clinical follow-up, no significant difference was noted in good prognosis rate (95.3%[41/43] vs. 97.7%[42/43]) and overall complication rate (30.2%[13/43] vs. 18.6%[8/43]) between the FD group and SACE group ( P>0.05). Conclusion:Both FD implantation and SACE are safe and effective for unruptured saccular aneurysms located at distal segments of the Willis circle; the complete aneurysm occlusion rate within 1 year of FD implantation is relatively low.

Objective:To analyze the changes of serum metabolites in patients with acute pancreatitis (AP) by non-targeted metabolomics method.Methods:Serum samples and clinical data of 15 AP patients hospitalized in the Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University from August to September 2024 were collected and included in the AP group, including 9 males and 6 females, aged (55.4±15.3) years. The serum and clinical data of 25 patients with colon polyps in the same hospital during the same period of time were collected, including 15 males and 10 females, aged (61.2±11.5) years, and were included in the control group. Serum metabolomic detection was performed using the ultra-high performance liquid chromatography tandem Fourier transform mass spectrometer. The modeling method was orthogonal partial least square discriminant analysis, and principal component analysis was performed on the data matrix to screen the differential metabolites in serum of AP patients. The Kyoto Encyclopedia database of Genes and Genomes was used to annotate differential metabolites, and the pathway of differential metabolite enrichment was analyzed by software.Results:The principal component analysis showed that the contribution ratio of the first principal component was 15.1%, the proportion of the second principal component was 10.8%, and the total proportion of the two was 25.9%. In principal component analysis, two groups of samples can be clearly distinguished and show obvious clustering characteristics. According to the analysis of OPLS-DA model, there were significant differences in serum metabolic profiles between AP group and control group. There were 683 differentially expressed metabolites between the two groups, with 367 differentially expressed metabolites up-regulated compared with the control group and 316 differentially expressed metabolites down-regulated compared with the control group. It is mainly Phosphatidic Acid (Lte4/8: 0) (+ 218%), Omeprazole Sulphone (-38%), and 2-(Propylthio) Nicotinic Acid (2-propyl thionicotinic acid) (-58%), Gein (salicyricetin) (-47%) and so on. Pathway enrichment analysis showed that the differential metabolites in AP patients were mainly concentrated in citric acid cycle, arginine biosynthesis and glycerophospholipid metabolism pathways.Conclusion:Serum metabolites in AP patients change significantly, including citric acid cycle, arginine biosynthesis, glycerophospholipid metabolism.

Objective:To compare the efficacy and safety of flow diverter (FD) implantation versus stent-assisted coil embolization (SACE) in unruptured saccular aneurysms located at distal segments of the Willis circle.Methods:A retrospective study was performed; 119 patients with unruptured saccular aneurysms located at distal segments of the Willis circle who received FD implantation or SACE in Department of Neurosurgery, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Southern Medical University and Department of Cerebrovascular Surgery, Neurosurgery Center, Southern Medical University from January 2018 to May 2025 were selected. According to different surgical methods, they were divided into a FD group ( n=60) and a SACE group ( n=59). These patients were subjected to propensity score matching (PSM) using 1:1 nearest neighbor matching method to eliminate confounding factors such as gender, age, aneurysm location, and aneurysm diameter (maximum diameter); and then, differences in neurological functional prognosis (good prognosis: modified Rankin scale scores of 0-2), complete aneurysm occlusion rate (O'Kelly-Marotta grade D or Raymond occlusion classification class I), and overall (perioperative and follow-up) complications were compared between the two groups. Results:After PSM, there were 43 patients in both FD group and SACE group. No significant difference was found in clinical and imaging follow-ups (12[6, 19] months vs. 10[6, 15] months, 10[5, 19] months vs. 9[2, 15] months) between the FD group and SACE group ( P>0.05). At the last imaging follow-up, the complete aneurysm occlusion rate in the FD group (65.1%[28/43]) was significantly lower than that in the SACE group (76.7%[33/43], P<0.05). At the last clinical follow-up, no significant difference was noted in good prognosis rate (95.3%[41/43] vs. 97.7%[42/43]) and overall complication rate (30.2%[13/43] vs. 18.6%[8/43]) between the FD group and SACE group ( P>0.05). Conclusion:Both FD implantation and SACE are safe and effective for unruptured saccular aneurysms located at distal segments of the Willis circle; the complete aneurysm occlusion rate within 1 year of FD implantation is relatively low.

Objective:To analyze the changes of serum metabolites in patients with acute pancreatitis (AP) by non-targeted metabolomics method.Methods:Serum samples and clinical data of 15 AP patients hospitalized in the Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University from August to September 2024 were collected and included in the AP group, including 9 males and 6 females, aged (55.4±15.3) years. The serum and clinical data of 25 patients with colon polyps in the same hospital during the same period of time were collected, including 15 males and 10 females, aged (61.2±11.5) years, and were included in the control group. Serum metabolomic detection was performed using the ultra-high performance liquid chromatography tandem Fourier transform mass spectrometer. The modeling method was orthogonal partial least square discriminant analysis, and principal component analysis was performed on the data matrix to screen the differential metabolites in serum of AP patients. The Kyoto Encyclopedia database of Genes and Genomes was used to annotate differential metabolites, and the pathway of differential metabolite enrichment was analyzed by software.Results:The principal component analysis showed that the contribution ratio of the first principal component was 15.1%, the proportion of the second principal component was 10.8%, and the total proportion of the two was 25.9%. In principal component analysis, two groups of samples can be clearly distinguished and show obvious clustering characteristics. According to the analysis of OPLS-DA model, there were significant differences in serum metabolic profiles between AP group and control group. There were 683 differentially expressed metabolites between the two groups, with 367 differentially expressed metabolites up-regulated compared with the control group and 316 differentially expressed metabolites down-regulated compared with the control group. It is mainly Phosphatidic Acid (Lte4/8: 0) (+ 218%), Omeprazole Sulphone (-38%), and 2-(Propylthio) Nicotinic Acid (2-propyl thionicotinic acid) (-58%), Gein (salicyricetin) (-47%) and so on. Pathway enrichment analysis showed that the differential metabolites in AP patients were mainly concentrated in citric acid cycle, arginine biosynthesis and glycerophospholipid metabolism pathways.Conclusion:Serum metabolites in AP patients change significantly, including citric acid cycle, arginine biosynthesis, glycerophospholipid metabolism.

Objective To investigate the mechanism of matrix metalloproteinase(MMP)-9 involved in epithelial mesenchymal transformation(EMT)in chronic sinusitis(CRS).Methods The expression of MMP-9 from polypoid middle turbinate tissue was detected by immunohistochemical staining qPCR and Western blot assay in 42 patients with CRS and 8 patients underwent septoplasty.Primary human nasal epithelial cells HNEpc were cultured in vitro and divided into the control group,the TGF-β1 group(5 μg/L TGF-β1 intervention)and the TGF-β1+si-MMP-9 group(transfected with si-MMP-9 and 5 μg/L TGF-β1 intervention).The expression of MMP-9 was detected by cell immunofluorescence staining.Expression levels of TGF-β1,MMP-9 and EMT-related proteins E-cadherin,vimentin and α-SMA were detected by Western blot assay.Results(1)The positive expression rate of MMP-9 was significantly higher in the nasal mucosa of CRS with nasal polyps(CRSwNP)group(54.5%,12/22)than that of the CRS without polyps(25.0%,5/20)group and the control group(12.8%,1/8).The relative expression levels of MMP-9 mRNA and protein in nasal mucosa were higher in the CRSwNP group than those in the CRSsNP group and the control group(P＜0.05).(2)Compared with the control group,the expressions levels of TGF-β1,MMP-9,vimentin and α-SMA were increased in the TGF-β1 group,while the expression of E-cadherin was decreased(P＜0.05).Compared with the TGF-β1 group,expression levels of TGF-β1,MMP-9,vimentin and α-SMA were decreased in the TGF-β1+si-MMP-9 group,and the expression of E-cadherin was increased(P＜0.05).Conclusion The expression of MMP-9 is increased in CRS patients,which may be involved in the development of CRS through the regulation of EMT.

ObjectiveTo identify the rate， population characteristics， and vaccination history of repeat infections among previously infected people in the current epidemic based on the rate of repeat infection and population characteristics of different mutant strains at different times in Pudong New Area of Shanghai， and to provide reference for the prevention and control strategies of novel coronavirus repeat infections. MethodsA total of 9 250 investigated subjects were randomly selected from the new cases of asymptomatic infection and confirmed cases reported by Pudong New Area from March to May 2022. The investigation mainly focused on demographic characteristics， nucleic acid or antigen test results， and symptoms after infection. The repeat infection rates among different populations were compared， and logistic regression was used to analyze the impact of gender， age， and vaccination status on repeat infections. ResultsThe survey sample of 9 250 people had a response rate of 81.85%. There were 4 043 males （53.40%） and 3 528 females （46.60%）， with a median age of 34 years old （P₂₅， P₇₅： 7， 61）. The overall vaccine uptake rate was 59.44% （4 500/7 571）. In December of 2022， there were 563 cases of repeat infection， with an infection rate of 7.44%. The lowest rate of repeat infection was seen in the 3‒ year-old group （2.86%） and the highest rate in the 30‒ year-old group （12.42%）， with significant differences between different age groups. The repeated infection rate for those who had completed their vaccinations was significantly lower （6.57%） compared to those who had not （7.11%）. The age groups of 3‒ years， 70‒79 years， as well as individuals who completed full vaccination and received booster shots were protective factors against repeat infections. ConclusionThe overall rate of reinfection among the infected in Shanghai during the spring of 2022 was low in the outbreak of the Omicron variant， and the rate of reinfection in the 3‒ year-old group was significantly lower than in other age groups. Completing the full course of vaccination significantly reduces the risk of reinfection. Although the reinfection rate is high in individuals who received booster shots， it remains a mitigating factor compared to those who do not receive the vaccine. It is recommended to continue monitoring reinfections in key populations and further strengthen immunization efforts.

Objective:To investigate the impact of circular RanGTPase activating protein 1 (circRANGAP1) on the biological behavior of trophoblast cells in preeclampsia and its potential mechanisms.Methods:Placental tissues were collected from preeclampsia patients and age- and gestational age- matched control pregnant women admitted to Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University from August 2020 to December 2022 (eight cases each in the early-onset preeclampsia group and early-onset control group, and 24 cases each in the late-onset preeclampsia group and late-onset control group). The expression levels of circRANGAP1 and eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4A3 (EIF4A3) mRNA in placental tissues were detected by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR), and EIF4A3 protein expression was assessed by Western blotting. In HTR-8/Svneo cells, the proliferation, migration, and invasion abilities were evaluated by cell counting assay, scratch assay, Transwell invasion assay, and the regulatory effect of EIF4A3 on circRANGAP1 was examined by RNA binding protein immunoprecipitation (RIP). Changes of circRANGAP1 expression in HTR-8/Svneo cells were detected by RT-qPCR after EIF4A3 knockdown. Statistical analysis was performed using independent sample t-test, non-parametric Chi-square test, or Pearson correlation analysis. Results:(1) There was no significant difference in circRANGAP1 expression between the early-onset preeclampsia group and the early-onset control group. However, circRANGAP1 expression was higher in the late-onset preeclampsia group compared to the late-onset control group [(3.764±3.297) vs. (0.960±0.720), t=4.07, P<0.001]. In late-onset preeclampsia patients, circRANGAP1 expression was positively correlated with both systolic and diastolic blood pressure (systolic: r=0.639, P<0.01; diastolic: r=0.800, P<0.001). There was no significant difference in EIF4A3 mRNA and protein expression between the early-onset preeclampsia group and the early-onset control group, but EIF4A3 mRNA and protein expression were higher in the late-onset preeclampsia group compared to the late-onset control group [mRNA: (2.963±3.081) vs. (1.149±0.667), t=2.30, P=0.028; protein: (2.504±1.008) vs. (0.258±0.180), t=4.39, P=0.005]. (2) After small interfering (si) RNA knockdown, there was no significant difference in mRANGAP1 expression, but circRANGAP1 expression decreased [(1.000±0.004), (0.465±0.031), and (0.621±0.030)], with si-1 showing the highest knockdown efficiency ( t=23.59, P=0.002). Specific knockdown of circRANGAP1 resulted in increased proliferation [(1.297±0.058) vs. (1.456±0.030), t=－5.97, P<0.001], invasion [(94.400± 6.504) vs. (219.000±19.870), t=－13.32, P<0.001], and migration [(25.493±3.498)% vs. (58.456±3.277)%, t=－15.38, P<0.001] abilities of trophoblast cells. (3) There are six binding sites for EIF4A3 in the upstream region of circRANGAP1 pre-mRNA. EIF4A3 can bind through regions a and b, but not region c. After siRNA knockdown, EIF4A3 expression decreased [(1.003±0.101), (0.276±0.060), (0.398±0.074), and (0.184±0.017)], with si-3 showing the highest knockdown efficiency. After EIF4A3 knockdown, circRANGAP1 expression in trophoblast cells decreased [(1.004±0.118) vs. (0.480±0.039), t=5.96, P=0.027]. Conclusion:circRANGAP1, regulated by EIF4A3, inhibits the proliferation, migration, and invasion abilities of trophoblast cells, thereby participating in the pathogenesis of preeclampsia.

Maintaining the stemness of the transplanted stem cell spheroids in an inflammatory microenvironment is challenging but important in regenerative medicine. Direct delivery of stem cells to repair periodontal defects may yield suboptimal effects due to the complexity of the periodontal inflammatory environment. Herein, stem cell spheroid is encapsulated by interfacial assembly of metal-phenolic network (MPN) nanofilm to form a stem cell microsphere capsule. Specifically, periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs) spheroid was coated with Fe^III/tannic acid coordination network to obtain spheroid@[Fe^III-TA] microcapsules. The formed biodegradable MPN biointerface acted as a cytoprotective barrier and exhibited antioxidative, antibacterial and anti-inflammatory activities, effectively remodeling the inflammatory microenvironment and maintaining the stemness of PDLSCs. The stem cell microencapsulation proposed in this study can be applied to multiple stem cells with various functional metal ion/polyphenol coordination, providing a simple yet efficient delivery strategy for stem cell stemness maintenance in an inflammatory environment toward a better therapeutic outcome.
Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology* ; Capsules/pharmacology* ; Cell Differentiation ; Cell Encapsulation ; Cells, Cultured ; Ferric Compounds/pharmacology* ; Osteogenesis/physiology* ; Periodontal Ligament ; Polyphenols/pharmacology* ; Stem Cells ; Tannins/pharmacology*

Objective:To explore the expression of serum inflammatory factors in patients with thyroid tumor and their correlation with thyroid hormones.Methods:A total of 92 patients with thyroid tumors (48 cases of thyroid cancer and 44 cases of thyroid adenoma) admitted to Department of Endocrinology in Linyi Central Hospital in Shandong Province from Jan. 2020 to Oct. 2021 were enrolled. 50 healthy volunteers who received physical examination in the hospital during the same period were enrolled in the control group. The serum inflammatory factors [tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) , interleukin-6 (IL-6) , interleukin-17 (IL-17) ] and thyroid hormone expression levels [thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) , free thyroxin T4 (FT4) , free triiodothyronine (FT3) ] of the three groups were detected. Analysis of variance was used for multi-group comparison, independent sample t test was performed for comparison between groups, Spearman correlation analysis and Logistic regression analysis were made for the risk factors of thyroid cancer. The expression of serum inflammation and thyroid hormones in patients with different stages of thyroid cancer was observed. Results:Serum TNF-α, IL-17, IL-6 from high to low were in the thyroid cancer group (74.61±7.94 ng/L, 68.65±7.05 ng/L, 20.52±2.84 ng/L) , thyroid adenoma group (26.97±3.42 ng/L, 46.31±5.31 ng/L, 13.61±1.58 ng/L) , control group (18.82±2.63 ng/L, 34.52±4.02 ng/L, 8.97±1.06 ng/L) ( F=1596.271, 468.602, 423.351, all P<0.001) ; Serum TSH levels from high to low were in the thyroid cancer group (8.64±1.34 mU/L) , the thyroid adenoma group (5.21±1.02 mU/L) , the control group (3.94±0.85 mU/L) ( F=242.182, P=0.000) . There was no significant difference in serum FT4 or FT3 levels among the three groups ( P=0.753, 0.634) . Correlation analysis indicated that serum TNF-α, IL-17, and IL-6 were positively correlated with the expression level of serum TSH ( r=0.936, 0.726, 759, all P<0.05) . The expression level of TNF- α, IL-17, IL-6 and TSH was significantly higher in patients of stage III and IV than that in patients of stage I and II ( t=2.541, 4.394, 6.390, 4.962, P=0.015, P<0.001, P<0.001, P<0.001) . Multivariate Logistic regression analysis suggested serum TNF-α, IL-17, IL-6 and TSH were all risk factors for thyroid cancer. Conclusions:Serum inflammatory factors and some thyroid hormones (TSH) are generally highly expressed in patients with thyroid tumors, the expression levels of serum inflammatory factors are correlated with the expression of TSH. There are statistically significant differences in the expression levels of serum inflammatory factors and TSH between patients with thyroid cancer of different stages, serum inflammatory factors and TSH are also involved in the occurrence and development of thyroid cancer, and are risk factors for thyroid cancer.