Objective To evaluate the effect of modulating gut microbiota for improving brain injury in rats with post-stroke depression.Methods Adult SD rats were randomized into normal control,middle cerebral artery occlusion(MCAO),post-stroke depression(PSD),PSD with fecal transplantation,PSD with antibiotics(rifaximin),PSD with probiotics(lactobacilli),and PSD with fluoxetine treatment groups(n=9).Neurological function scores of the rats were determined,and the changes in sugar water preference and immobility time in forced swimming test were observed;plasma levels of trimethylamine N-oxide(TMAO)and hydrogen sulfide(H2S)were detected with ELISA,Occludin,and the expressions of occludin,caudin-5 and IgG proteins I the brain tissues were determined using Western blotting.Results Compared with those in the control group,the rats in MCAO and PSD groups had significantly increased neurological function scores,TMAO level,the ratio of TMAO/H2S,and immobility time in forced swimming test with a lowered level of H2S(P<0.05).These changes were more obvious in PSD rats,which also exhibited a reduced sugar water preference with increased IgG protein and decreased occluding and caudin-5 expressions in the brain tissue(P<0.05).TMAO/H2S ratio in PSD rats was positively correlated with neurological function score(R2=0.3235,P=0.0269)and immobility time in swimming(R2=0.6290,P=0.0004)and negatively with sugar water preference(R2=-0.4534,P=0.0059).Treatment with fecal transplantation,antibiotics,probiotics and fluoxetine all significantly reduced neurological function scores,immobility time in forced swimming,TMAO/H2S ratio,and IgG protein expression and increased sugar water preference and brain occludin and caudin-5 expressions of the PSD rats(P<0.05).Conclusion In PSD rats,TMAO/H2S ratio is correlated with neurological function score,immobility time in forced swimming and sugar water preference,and modulating intestinal flora can improve neurological function and depressive symptoms and improve the integrity of the blood-brain barrier.

Objective To evaluate the effect of modulating gut microbiota for improving brain injury in rats with post-stroke depression.Methods Adult SD rats were randomized into normal control,middle cerebral artery occlusion(MCAO),post-stroke depression(PSD),PSD with fecal transplantation,PSD with antibiotics(rifaximin),PSD with probiotics(lactobacilli),and PSD with fluoxetine treatment groups(n=9).Neurological function scores of the rats were determined,and the changes in sugar water preference and immobility time in forced swimming test were observed;plasma levels of trimethylamine N-oxide(TMAO)and hydrogen sulfide(H2S)were detected with ELISA,Occludin,and the expressions of occludin,caudin-5 and IgG proteins I the brain tissues were determined using Western blotting.Results Compared with those in the control group,the rats in MCAO and PSD groups had significantly increased neurological function scores,TMAO level,the ratio of TMAO/H2S,and immobility time in forced swimming test with a lowered level of H2S(P<0.05).These changes were more obvious in PSD rats,which also exhibited a reduced sugar water preference with increased IgG protein and decreased occluding and caudin-5 expressions in the brain tissue(P<0.05).TMAO/H2S ratio in PSD rats was positively correlated with neurological function score(R2=0.3235,P=0.0269)and immobility time in swimming(R2=0.6290,P=0.0004)and negatively with sugar water preference(R2=-0.4534,P=0.0059).Treatment with fecal transplantation,antibiotics,probiotics and fluoxetine all significantly reduced neurological function scores,immobility time in forced swimming,TMAO/H2S ratio,and IgG protein expression and increased sugar water preference and brain occludin and caudin-5 expressions of the PSD rats(P<0.05).Conclusion In PSD rats,TMAO/H2S ratio is correlated with neurological function score,immobility time in forced swimming and sugar water preference,and modulating intestinal flora can improve neurological function and depressive symptoms and improve the integrity of the blood-brain barrier.

ObjectiveTo analyze the prevalence of HCV antibody positive and associated factors among drug users in Dehong Prefecture， Yunnan， and to provide scientific evidence for HCV prevention. MethodsQuestionnaire surveys and serological testing were conducted among 400 drug users continuously selected from four national AIDS sentinel surveillance in Dehong Prefecture between January and July during 2014‒2021. Results11 683 drug users were included. The prevalence of HCV antibody positive was 20.2% overall， and 14.9%， 20.1%， 22.4%， 19.8%， 22.5%， 20.6%， 24.5%， 19.0% from 2014 to 2021， respectively （trend Z=-3.78， P<0.001）. Multivariable analysis indicated the following were independently associated with HCV antibody positive： that older age （OR=1.02， 95%CI： 1.02‒1.03）， male （OR=1.70， 95%CI： 1.19‒2.42）， unmarried （OR=1.64， 95%CI： 1.44‒1.87）， divorced or widowed （OR=1.73， 95%CI： 1.48‒2.02）， Jingpo ethnicity （OR=1.39， 95%CI： 1.19‒1.63）， injection drug use （OR=15.46， 95%CI： 13.13‒18.12）， and HIV infection（OR=4.96， 95%CI：4.12‒5.99）. ConclusionThe prevalence of HCV antibody positive among drug users in Dehong Prefecture is high and increases with some fluctuations during 2014 to 2021， which highlights the need to develop interventions targeting this population.

ObjectiveTo determine the characteristics and influencing factors of hepatitis C virus （HCV） co-infection among HIV concordant couples in Dehong Prefecture. MethodsUsing the data of newly reported HIV concordant couples in Dehong Prefecture from 2016 to 2019， we collected the demographic characteristics， exposure history， and HCV infection to determine the characteristics of HCV co-infection among HIV concordant couples. ResultsAmong the 160 HIV concordant couples included in the study， 46 （28.8%） males and 14 （8.8%） females were co-infected with HCV. The prevalence of HIV-HCV co-infection was higher among the male spouses who were diagnosed less than 40， Jingpo ethnic， Burmese， illiteracy， farmers， and intravenous drug users. In contrast， the prevalence of HIV-HCV co-infection was higher among the female spouses who were diagnosed less than 40， Jingpo ethnic， and Burmese. Logistic regression analysis among male spouses showed that the Jingpo ethnic and intravenous drug users had higher risk of HCV co-infection. ConclusionHIV concordant couples in Dehong Prefecture have high prevalence of HIV-HCV co-infection. Effective intervention strategies should be developed based on ethnic-specific factors and exposure characteristics among male and female spouses of HIV concordant couples.

Objective: To study the prevalence and correlates of diabetes among HIV/AIDS who were on antiretroviral therapy (ART) in Dehong Dai and Jingpo autonomous prefectures (Dehong), Yunnan province. Methods: The database of HIV/AIDS receiving ART in Dehong was downloaded by using the basic information system of AIDS prevention and control in China. In this cross-sectional study, HIV/AIDS patients who were currently on ART and aged 18 years or above, were consecutively recruited, between July 2017 and June 2018, in Dehong. All the subjects underwent hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) testing. Patient with diabetes was defined as meeting any of these indicators (HbA1c ≥6.5%, baseline FPG ≥7.0 mmol/L, FPG ≥7.0 mmol/L in the most recent visit). Both univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis were carried on to evaluate the correlates of diabetes among the HIV/AIDS patients. Results: In total of 4 376 HIV/AIDS patients were included for analysis, with the average age as (43.7±10.1) years, proportion of males as 53.8% (2 356/4 376) and the HCV positive rate as 24.1% (1 055/4 376). The mean years was (8.9±3.8) years after the HIV diagnosis was made, and the mean duration on treatment was (6.8±2.9) years. The prevalence of diabetes was 11.4% (500/4 376). Through multivariate logistic regression analysis, data showed that the risk factors of diabetes of HIV/AIDS on ART were: aged 40 years or above, being male, HCV positive, baseline body mass index ≥24.0 kg/m², elevated TG ≥1.70 mmol/L in the most recent visit and baseline antiretroviral regimens under Efavirenz (EFV). Conclusions Prevalence rate of diabetes appeared higher in HIV/AIDS patients who were on ART in Dehong. Prevention and control measures should be targeted on HIV/AIDS patients who were with risk factors of diabetes as being elderly, male, HCV positive, overweight and higher TG. Further esearch is needed to evaluate the association between the use of EFV and diabetes.

Aim Todiscusstheapplicationoftissue spontaneous fluorescence in myocardial ischemia injury of rats based on specific fluorescence detection technol-ogy.Methods Thechangeofspontaneousfluores-cence was compared between the myocardial tissue of normal rats and those of rats with myocardial ischemia injury and an quantitative analysis was then made.Re-sult Theresultsshowedthatspontaneousfluorescence of myocardial tissue for myocardial ischemia injury changed significantly.Spontaneous fluorescence signal of injury considerably was enhanced.The fluorescence signal which was quantified by FX Pro had statistical significance compared with normal myocardial tissue,P<0.01orP<0.05.Conclusion Ourresearchshows that spontaneous fluorescence of myocardial tissue can be enhanced obviously after myocardial ischemia inju-ry.Our research provides a method for the research and evaluation of myocardial ischemia injury model in rats which can be used in positioning,qualitative and quan-titative comparative study and in pathological,physio-logical,pharmacological and mechanism study.

Garlic is a bulb from generalized liliaceous plant Alli-um sativum, it plays an essential role in the prevention and treat-ment of cardiovascular diseases, tumors and pathogenic microor-ganisms. Through consulting domestic and foreign references, the main active ingredients of garlic and their pharmacological
effects are reviewed, the problems and achievement in Chinese research are also discussed. It can provide a certain reference for the further study of garlic and new drug development.

OBJECTIVETo compare the anaphylactoid effect of Danshen injection and its components on guinea pig.

METHODApplying active systemic anaphylaxis (ASA) tests, the corresponding experimental injections were administrated to guinea pigs to sensitized, and allergen with double doses was injected to stimulate in the 11 days after the last sensitized. The anaphylaxis situation of guinea pigs was observed.

RESULTDanshen injection and its components are suspicion on guinea pigs, while negative reaction was observed on guinea pigs which injected by the liquid excipients of Danshen injection.

CONCLUSIONDanshen injection using the ultrafiltration method still have some antigenic impurities which cannot be removed completely, and this may be one of the reasons for anaphylactic reaction.

Anaphylaxis ; chemically induced ; Animals ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; toxicity ; Female ; Guinea Pigs ; Injections ; methods ; Male ; Phenanthrolines ; toxicity ; Salvia miltiorrhiza ; chemistry ; toxicity

OBJECTIVETo compare the anaphylactoid effect of old Shengmai injection and new Shengmai injection on Cynomolgus monkey.

METHODCynomolgus monkeys were randomly divided into 4 groups, and were respectively injected with 5% glucose injection, old Shengmai injection, new Shengmai injection, positive control drug. The changes of each monkey were observed from injection before until 24 hours after injection, and the response level was determined according to the severity of the symptoms. Blood samples were collected before injection and at 10 min after injection for measuring histamine content in plasma. Blood pressure and heart rates were detected before injection and at 10 min after injection. Sensitization of the injection was comprehensively determined by combined the response level of symptoms and the histamine level.

RESULTThe Cynomolgus monkeys administrated with old Shengmai injection showed typical symptoms of anaphylactoid reactions and the content of serum histamine is not more than doubled. The Cynomolgus monkeys administrated with new Shengmai injection showed untypical symptoms of anaphylactoid reactions and the content of serum histamine did not rise.

CONCLUSIONThe old Shengmai injection can induce typical anaphylactoid reactions on Cynomolgus monkeys, and the sensitization ability is strong. The symptoms of anaphylactoid reactions induced by the new Shengmai injection appeared later and showed lesser degree with the sensitization lower.

Anaphylaxis ; chemically induced ; Animals ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; administration & dosage ; toxicity ; Injections ; methods ; Macaca fascicularis ; Male