OBJECTIVES: To investigate the effect of Ching Shum Pills (CSP) for alleviating non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and the underlying mechanism. METHODS: In a mouse model of NAFLD, the therapeutic effect of CSP was evaluated by measuring serum glucose, lipid profiles (TC, TG, LDL-C, HDL-C), and hepatic function markers. Network pharmacology was employed to identify active compounds in CSP and their targets using TCMSP, HERB, SwissTargetPrediction, GeneCards, OMIM, and DisGeNET. Protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks, Gene Ontology (GO), and KEGG pathway analyses were conducted. Molecular docking (AutoDock Vina) was used to assess the compound-target binding affinities. Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) was used to validate the mRNA expressions of the core genes in the liver tissue of the mouse models. RESULTS: In the mouse model of NAFLD, treatment with CSP significantly reduced body weight gain and serum TG levels of the mice, and high-dose CSP treatment resulted in obvious reduction of ALT levels and hepatic fat accumulation. Network pharmacology analysis identified quercetin and 2-monolinolenin as the key bioactives in CSP, which target TNF, AKT1, IL6, TP53, and ALB. Docking simulations suggested strong binding between the two core compounds and their target proteins. The results of qRT-PCR showed that high-fat diet induced significant downregulation of Tp53, Cpt1, and Ppara expressions in mice, which was effectively reversed by CSP treatment. CONCLUSIONS CSP can improve lipid metabolism disorders in NAFLD mice through a regulatory mechanism involving multiple targets and pathways to reduce liver fat accumulation and protect liver function. The key components in CSP such as quercetin and linolenic acid monoacylglycerol may participate in the regulation of such metabolic processes as fatty acid oxidation by targeting TP53.
Animals ; Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease/drug therapy* ; Mice ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/pharmacology* ; Lipid Metabolism/drug effects* ; Molecular Docking Simulation ; Disease Models, Animal ; Liver/metabolism* ; Male ; Lipid Metabolism Disorders/drug therapy* ; PPAR alpha/metabolism* ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Network Pharmacology

Objective To observe the effectiveness of ultrasound wide beam(WB)-based harmonic motion imaging(HMI)(WB-HMI)for locating irradiation focus of high intensity focused ultrasound(HIFU)for in vitro tissue.Methods WB-HMI technology was developed with acoustic radiation force and ultrasound imaging as the key technology.For in vitro porcine tenderloin and bovine liver tissue,different amplitude modulation(AM)frequencies(25-100 Hz)and excitation acoustic power(0.7-28 W)were used to achieve WB-HMI localization of HIFU irradiation focus,and the differences of WB-HMI localization of HIFU irradiation focus under different parameter combinations were observed.Taken the actual focus position on ultrasonic image after HIFU as the standard and the focus positioning error＜1 mm as the effective standard of WB-HMI locating irradiation focus,the locating success rate was calculated.Results The larger the acoustic power,the larger the displacement amplitude of irradiation focus by WB-HMI at the same AM frequency,while the smaller the AM frequency,the larger the displacement amplitude of irradiation focus located by WB-HMI under the same acoustic power.Under different AM frequencies,for in vitro porcine tenderloin,the success rate of WB-HMI for locating HIFU radiation focus was higher than 90.00％when acoustic power was 15 W or 22 W,whereas the success rate showed a decreasing trend when the acoustic power was 28 W.For in vitro bovine liver tissue,the success rate of WB-HMI localization was 100％when acoustic power was ≥7.0 W.Conclusion WB-HMI could be used to effectively locate HIFU irradiation focus for isolated tissue.

OBJECTIVE To explore the detoxification mechanism of Terminalia chebula Retz(TCR)soup-processed Euphorbia fischeriana Steud.(EFS)based on LC-MS and simulation processing.METHODS The changes of chemical composition of TCR soup-processed EFS,and dichloromethane extracts of crude EFS after simulation processing with TCR soup were analyzed by LC-MS.Mice were orally administered with alcoholic extracts of crude EFS,alcoholic extracts of water-processed EFS,alcoholic extracts of TCR soup,alcoholic extracts of TCR soup-processed EFS,dichloromethane extracts of crude EFS,dichloromethane extracts of TCR soup-processed EFS,and dichloromethane extracts of crude EFS after simulation processing with TCR soup,respectively.Toxicity changes in TCR soup-processed EFS and dichloromethane extracts of crude EFS after simulation processing with TCR soup were evalu-ated by fecal water contents,release levels of TNF-α and IL-1β,and intestinal pathology.RESULTS A total of 115 and 53 com-pounds were identified in EFS and TCR soup,respectively.The contents of 58 and 12 compounds significantly decreased and signifi-cantly increased respectively in EFS after processing with TCR soup.Compared to the blank control group,the fecal water contents and the release levels of TNF-α and IL-1β significantly increased in both the crude and water-processed EFS groups(P<0.01),and no-table intestinal injury was observed.Compared to the crude EFS group,the fecal water contents and the release levels of TNF-α and IL-1β significantly decreased in both the TCR soup group and the TCR soup-processed EFS group(P<0.01),and repaired intestinal injury was observed.After simulation processing for the dichloromethane extracts of crude EFS with TCR soup,the ion intensity change rates for diterpenoids and tannin phenolic acid compounds ranged from-6.75%to 8.09%and 66.06%to 100.00%,respectively.The ion intensity change rates of diterpenoids in the dichloromethane extracts of TCR soup-processed EFS ranged from-9.92%to 54.72%with almost no tannin phenolic acid compounds.Compared to the blank control group,the fecal water contents and the release levels of TNF-α and IL-1β significantly increased in both the dichloromethane extracts of crude and TCR soup-processed EFS groups(P<0.01),and severe intestinal injury was observed.Compared to the dichloromethane extracts of crude EFS group,the fecal water contents and the release levels of TNF-α and IL-1β significantly decreased in the group of the dichloromethane extracts of crude EFS after simulation processing with TCR soup(P<0.01),with no apparent intestinal injury.CONCLUSION TCR soup pro-cessing can alleviate the intestinal toxicity of EFS.The detoxification mechanism may involve the introduction of a large number of tan-nin phenolic acid compounds in TCR soup during the processing of EFS,which plays a pharmacological antagonistic role in the animal body.

ObjectiveTo explore the association between total iron， iron supplements， dietary total iron， heme iron intake and the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus（GDM）. MethodsA total of 668 pregnant women who gave birth in one hospital in Shanghai during January 2020 to July 2021 were included in a retrospective cohort study. Baseline characteristics and data of iron supplements in second trimester were collected through a questionnaire. A simplified dietary frequency questionnaire was used to quantify the food intake in second trimester. Total iron， iron supplements， dietary total iron， and heme iron intake was classified into groups by quintile and median. The association between iron intake from different sources and risk of GDM was determined using logistic regression analysis. ResultsAfter correction for age， family history of diabetes， overweight / obesity before pregnancy， hemoglobin（Hb）in first trimester， energy， carbohydrate energy， protein， and free sugar， it showed no association between total iron intake and risk of GDM （P>0.05）， while elevated risk of GDM among women with high iron supplements intake （OR=1.65； 95%CI： 1.14‒2.39）， and decreased risk of GDM among those with high dietary total iron intake （OR=0.53； 95%CI： 0.35‒0.81）. However， no association was found between heme iron intake and risk of GDM （P>0.05）. ConclusionHigh dietary total iron intake may be a protective factor， while high iron supplements may be a risk factor for GDM. It suggests that pregnant women should carefully choose high-dose iron-containing supplements in the absence of iron deficiency， as dietary iron intake should be the priority.

Objective:To explore the application of home nutrition support in children with intestinal failure.Methods:Children with intestinal failure admitted to Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition and Department of Pediatric Surgery in Xinhua Hospital were retrospectively enrolled since January 2009. The details of home nutrition support, nutritional status and home parenteral nutrition (HPN) associated complications were collected.Results:A total of 10 children received HPN support, 7 of whom were with short bowel syndrome (SBS) and the other 3 with pediatric intestinal pseudo-obstruction. The average length of remnant small bowel in 7 SBS children was (36.7±32.4) cm. The average age at HPN onset was (5.4±4.7) years. The average duration of follow-up was (3.1±2.1) years. The average duration of HPN was (619.5±669.1) days after (391.8±340.1) days of parenteral nutrition support in our hospital. All 10 cases started home enteral nutrition (HEN) with tube feeding (3 cases transited to oral feeding during treatment). The average duration of HEN was (536.1±429.6) days. Daily calorie intake was 104.0%±39.0% of the recommended intake according to the guideline, with 46.5%±21.3% via HPN and 57.5%±29.2% via HEN. During follow-up, 3 cases were found with severe malnutrition, 5 with moderate malnutrition and 2 with mild malnutrition. Four children suffered from catheter-related thrombosis and five children were identified with catheter-related blood stream infection. No intestinal failure associated liver disease was observed.Conclusions:HPN is feasible but needs the support of national medical insurance policy. At present, there are still frequent nutritional deficiencies and complications in HPN. Nutrition support team (NST) should provide guidance for more scientific nutrition screening and nutrition management.

【Objective】 To analyze the metagenomics and microbiology of voluntary blood donors in China, so as to assess the potential threats of emerging infectious diseases to the safety of blood transfusion. 【Methods】 12 300 plasma samples (10 mL each) collected by central blood stations in Chongqing, Liuzhou, Urumqi, Mianyang, Wuhan, Nanjing, Mudanjiang, and Dehong Prefecture area from 2012 to 2018 were subjected to total DNA extraction after ultracentrifugation (32 000 rpm/min, centrifugal radius 91.9 mm) in minipools of 160 donations. The metagenomic library was constructed, and deep sequencing was conducted by Illumina Hiseq 4 500. By comparing with reference sequences of bacteria, fungi, parasites and viruses, metagenomic data were analyzed, classification of microbes were identified, and potentially harmful pathogens were evaluated. 【Results】 A total of 632 GB clean data were obtained by deep sequencing, and the top three pathogens were Pseudomonas(0.561 1%), Burkholderia(0.468 7%) and Serratia(4.242 0%). Pathogens with potential threat which could be transmitted by blood transfusion or blood products were found, such as human parvovirus B19(0.126 6%), Leishmania spp(1.348 5%) and Toxoplasma gondii(0.615 8%). 【Conclusion】 Our study analyzed metagenomics of voluntary blood donors in parts of China and revealed pathogens that may cause potential harm to blood safety, which were helpful for targeted prevention and control of emerging infectious diseases.

OBJECTIVE To explore the application value of the cortical bone packing in external auditory bony canal and attic reconstruction in tympanoplasty.METHODS A total of 30 patients admitted during the period of middle ear cholesteatoma patients in our hospital from March 2014 to March 2016,were randomly divided to observation group and control group,the radical mastoidectomy with canal wall down was adopted in the control group,the radical mastoidectomy with canal wall down combined with bone autograft in the external auditory meatus and bony powder mastoid obliteration in observation group,the postoperative out-come between two groups were compared.RESULTS There was no significant difference between the speech frequency average air bone conduction and air conduction threshold before the treatment in two groups.There was significant difference between the speech frequency average air bone conduction and air conduction threshold after the treatment(P＜0.05),the air conduction threshold significantly reduced,the patients in the observation group were significantly lower than the control group,there was no recurrence of cholesteatoma in two groups of patients before and after the treatment during follow-up period;the dry ear time in observation group was significantly lower than that of the control group,and dry ear the incidence was significantly higher than that of the control group,the difference is statistically significant(t=2.758,4.865,P＜0.05).CONCLUSION Radical mastoidectomy with canal wall down combined with the cortical bone packing in external auditory bony canal and attic reconstruction,can effectively presesre the patient hearing,it should be recommended.