Objective:To investigate the relationship between lipid levels and cognitive impairment in the elderly Chinese population using prospective cohort data.Methods:Based on the China-PAR (Prediction for Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease Risk in China) cohort, this study included 24 380 individuals aged ≥60 years who participated in the cognitive function follow-up survey from 2018 to 2019. Cognitive function was assessed using the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), with cognitive impairment defined according to different educational levels: MMSE ≤17 for illiterate individuals, MMSE ≤20 for those with primary education and MMSE ≤24 for those with secondary education or above. Multivariable linear regression and logistic regression models were employed to examine the associations between six baseline lipid indicators and cognitive scores, as well as cognitive impairment. Additionally, restricted cubic splines were used to explore the exposure-dose relationship between lipid levels and cognitive function.Results:The study population had a median follow-up time of 11.6 years, with a baseline age of (59.7±6.8) years. Among the participants, 9 510 (39.0%) were males, and the mean MMSE score was 24.7±6.8. A total of 3 887 individuals (15.9%) were identified as cognitively impaired. The results of multivariable linear regression and logistic regression indicated that total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (non-HDL-C) levels were not only significantly positively associated with cognitive scores but also significantly associated with a lower risk of cognitive impairment. Each 1 mmol/L increase in these lipid levels corresponded to β values (95% CI) of 0.267 (0.173-0.361), 0.385(0.271-0.499) and 0.331(0.231-0.431), respectively. Each 1 mmol/L increase in these lipid levels corresponded to odds ratio ( OR) (95% CI) values of 0.915 (0.876-0.956), 0.875 (0.830-0.923) and 0.886 (0.848-0.927), respectively. The dose-response curve demonstrated that the negative association was primarily observed within the guideline-recommended optimal lipid level range. Specifically, when LDL-C was less than 3.4 mmol/L and non-HDL-C was less than 4.1 mmol/L, the corresponding OR (95% CI) values were 0.859 (0.796-0.926) and 0.876 (0.818-0.939). Conclusion:Lipid levels exhibit a certain linear negative association with cognitive impairment in elderly Chinese adults, with LDL-C and non-HDL-C demonstrating a stronger effect, particularly within the guideline-recommended optimal range.

Osteoarthritis(OA),a common age-related chronic disease,is characterized by degenerative changes in the joints and surrounding tissues.Traditionally,research on OA has primarily focused on the pathological changes in articular cartilage and its repair.However,with the advancements in animal disease modeling in recent years,especially the widespread use of spatiotemporally specific transgenic mouse models,scholars have gradually come to realize that the subchondral bone also plays an important role in the occurrence and development of OA.That is,the pathological changes in articular cartilage and bone mutually affect and promote each other,jointly driving the progression of OA,involving such pathological processes as vascular invasion,ectopic calcification,nerve growth,and the occurrence of pain.Given the complexity of cartilage-bone pathological relationship,it is difficult to conduct in-depth research on subchondral bone pathology using clinical human samples,or to simulate the pathological processes of OA through in vitro cell experiments.Therefore,animal models play an irreplaceable role in investigating the pathological mechanisms of OA and developing clinical drugs.This review,in addition to providing an overview of OA animal models,synthesizes the latest progress in animal experimental research on OA,highlighting the active role of the cartilage-bone pathological relationship in OA progression.These new findings provide references for future in-depth investigations and also provide a theoretical basis for developing fundamental strategies for OA prevention and treatment.

Objective:To investigate the relationship between lipid levels and cognitive impairment in the elderly Chinese population using prospective cohort data.Methods:Based on the China-PAR (Prediction for Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease Risk in China) cohort, this study included 24 380 individuals aged ≥60 years who participated in the cognitive function follow-up survey from 2018 to 2019. Cognitive function was assessed using the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), with cognitive impairment defined according to different educational levels: MMSE ≤17 for illiterate individuals, MMSE ≤20 for those with primary education and MMSE ≤24 for those with secondary education or above. Multivariable linear regression and logistic regression models were employed to examine the associations between six baseline lipid indicators and cognitive scores, as well as cognitive impairment. Additionally, restricted cubic splines were used to explore the exposure-dose relationship between lipid levels and cognitive function.Results:The study population had a median follow-up time of 11.6 years, with a baseline age of (59.7±6.8) years. Among the participants, 9 510 (39.0%) were males, and the mean MMSE score was 24.7±6.8. A total of 3 887 individuals (15.9%) were identified as cognitively impaired. The results of multivariable linear regression and logistic regression indicated that total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (non-HDL-C) levels were not only significantly positively associated with cognitive scores but also significantly associated with a lower risk of cognitive impairment. Each 1 mmol/L increase in these lipid levels corresponded to β values (95% CI) of 0.267 (0.173-0.361), 0.385(0.271-0.499) and 0.331(0.231-0.431), respectively. Each 1 mmol/L increase in these lipid levels corresponded to odds ratio ( OR) (95% CI) values of 0.915 (0.876-0.956), 0.875 (0.830-0.923) and 0.886 (0.848-0.927), respectively. The dose-response curve demonstrated that the negative association was primarily observed within the guideline-recommended optimal lipid level range. Specifically, when LDL-C was less than 3.4 mmol/L and non-HDL-C was less than 4.1 mmol/L, the corresponding OR (95% CI) values were 0.859 (0.796-0.926) and 0.876 (0.818-0.939). Conclusion:Lipid levels exhibit a certain linear negative association with cognitive impairment in elderly Chinese adults, with LDL-C and non-HDL-C demonstrating a stronger effect, particularly within the guideline-recommended optimal range.

Objective To explore the early brain microstructural changes in patients with alcohol use disorder(AUD)and the correlations with cognitive function.Methods Totally 81 AUD patients(AUD group)and 75 healthy volunteers(control group)were retrospectively enrolled.Gray matter volume(GMV)and cortical thickness of brain regions were calculated with voxel-based morphometry and surface-based morphometry,and the correlations of the above indexes of brain regions being significantly different between groups and clinical cognitive function scale scores were analyzed.Results In AUD group,GMV of bilateral hippocampus,insula,inferior parietal angular gyrus,straight gyrus,central posterior gyrus and cerebellar angle 1 area,of left medial superior frontal gyrus,precuneus,anterior cingulated cortex,middle temporal gyrus and middle occipital gyrus,as well as of right lingual gyrus reduced significantly compared with those in control group.The cortical thickness of bilateral superior frontal gyrus,middle frontal gyrus,inferior frontal gyrus,supramarginal gyrus,superior parietal lobule,inferior parietal lobule,central posterior gyrus,central anterior gyrus,temporal superior gyrus and middle temporal gyrus reduced in AUD group.In AUD group,GMV of left medial superior frontal gyrus was positively correlated with Pittsburgh sleep quality index score(r=0.301,P=0.006),while of the left and right straight gyrus were positively correlated with Hopkins verbal learning test-revised score(r=0.328,0.326;both P=0.003)but negatively correlated with trail making test-B score(r=-0.295,-0.312;P=0.008,0.005),while the cortical thickness of the left central anterior gyrus and the lower part of the right middle frontal gyrus were positively correlated with Beck anxiety inventory score(r=0.323,0.289;P=0.003,0.009).Conclusion Prefrontal cortex atrophy could be observed in early stage AUD patients,which was correlated with cognitive function impaired.

Objective To explore the early brain microstructural changes in patients with alcohol use disorder(AUD)and the correlations with cognitive function.Methods Totally 81 AUD patients(AUD group)and 75 healthy volunteers(control group)were retrospectively enrolled.Gray matter volume(GMV)and cortical thickness of brain regions were calculated with voxel-based morphometry and surface-based morphometry,and the correlations of the above indexes of brain regions being significantly different between groups and clinical cognitive function scale scores were analyzed.Results In AUD group,GMV of bilateral hippocampus,insula,inferior parietal angular gyrus,straight gyrus,central posterior gyrus and cerebellar angle 1 area,of left medial superior frontal gyrus,precuneus,anterior cingulated cortex,middle temporal gyrus and middle occipital gyrus,as well as of right lingual gyrus reduced significantly compared with those in control group.The cortical thickness of bilateral superior frontal gyrus,middle frontal gyrus,inferior frontal gyrus,supramarginal gyrus,superior parietal lobule,inferior parietal lobule,central posterior gyrus,central anterior gyrus,temporal superior gyrus and middle temporal gyrus reduced in AUD group.In AUD group,GMV of left medial superior frontal gyrus was positively correlated with Pittsburgh sleep quality index score(r=0.301,P=0.006),while of the left and right straight gyrus were positively correlated with Hopkins verbal learning test-revised score(r=0.328,0.326;both P=0.003)but negatively correlated with trail making test-B score(r=-0.295,-0.312;P=0.008,0.005),while the cortical thickness of the left central anterior gyrus and the lower part of the right middle frontal gyrus were positively correlated with Beck anxiety inventory score(r=0.323,0.289;P=0.003,0.009).Conclusion Prefrontal cortex atrophy could be observed in early stage AUD patients,which was correlated with cognitive function impaired.

Objective:To investigate the incidence of abnormal bone mineral density (BMD) in male patients with alcoholic cirrhosis.Methods:Clinical data of 72 patients with alcoholic cirrhosis admitted in Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University from March 2017 to July 2023 were enrolled as study group, and 40 age-and BMI-matched non-hepatopathy subjects were selected as control group.The incidence of abnormal BMD were compared between two groups. The serum levels of osteocalcin (OC), total procollagen type 1 amino-terminal propeptide (TP1NP), β-C-terminal telopeptide of typeⅠcollagen (CTX) and 25-hydroxy vitamin D [25-(OH)VD] were measured and compared among patients with different Child-Pugh grades.Results:Among 72 alcoholic cirrhosis patients, there were 54 cases (75.0%) complicated with abnormal BMD, including 21 cases (29.2%) of bone loss and 33 cases (45.8%) of osteoporosis. In control group there were 15 subjects with abnormal bone mineral density, including 9 cases (22.5%) of bone loss and 6 cases (15.0%) of osteoporosis( χ2=5.623 and 15.900,both P<0.05). The average BMDs of L1-L4, femoral neck, intertrochanteric region and trochanter of the femur in patients with alcoholic cirrhosis were significantly lower than those in control group ( t=3.574, 8.640, 7.282, 7.958, 3.755, 5.573, 5.026,all P<0.05); the average BWDs of L1-L3 and hip joint in patients with Child-Pugh C were significantly lower than those in patients with Child-Pugh A and B ( t=1.414, 1.699, 3.786, 2.590, 8.763, 2.581, 1.392, 6.232,all P<0.05). The serum levels of 25-(OH)VD in alcoholic cirrhosis patients with Child-Pugh C grade were significantly lower than those with Child-Pugh A and B ( t=3.969 and 2.911, P<0.05); the serum calcium levels in patients with Child-Pugh C grade were lower than those with Child-Pugh A( t=3.627, P<0.05); while the TP1NP levels in patients with Child-Pugh C were higher than those with Child-Pugh A and B grades( t=6.722 and 5.034, P<0.05).The Child-Pugh grade was negatively correlated with 25-(OH)VD level( β=-0.767, P<0.05)and positively correlated with TP1NP level ( β=2.186, P<0.05). Conclusion:The incidence of bone loss and osteoporosis in patients with alcoholic cirrhosis is increased significantly, and the deterioration of their liver function is closely associated with an increased TP1NP level and decreased 25-(OH)VD levels.

MSM are a high-risk population for HPV infection and related diseases. MSM can be effectively protected by quadrivalent and nine-valent HPV vaccines. This paper outlines the significance of providing HPV vaccination to MSM, summarizes the basis of HPV vaccination in MSM, and puts forward the following recommendations. First, China should expedite the development and approval of the HPV vaccine for male use. Second, HIV-positive MSM should vaccinate against HPV as soon as possible. Third, prioritize HPV vaccination for MSM individuals aged 26 or less. Fourth, for MSM aged over 26, catch-up vaccination or opportunistic vaccination should be provided when HPV vaccine resources are sufficient. Implementing this vaccination strategy can provide protection for the MSM and control the spread of sexually transmitted diseases.

Objective:To explore the quality management status of the final rinse water for flexible endoscope in medical institutions in Jilin Province, and analyze the factors affecting the quality of purified water.Methods:From January to May 2020, 75 medical institutions in Jilin Province were selected as subjects by convenience sampling. A self-designed Flexible Endoscopic Final Rinse Water Quality Management Questionnaire was used to investigate the managers of the Endoscopy Center in 75 medical institutions. The final rinse water of medical institutions was sampled on site, and 159 water samples were collected from the water treatment equipment terminal, water storage tank outlet and use terminal outlet, and the total number of bacteria was detected by pouring and filtration method. A total of 75 questionnaires were distributed, and 72 valid questionnaires were recovered, with a valid recovery rate of 96.00%.Results:A total of 40.28% (29/72) of medical institutions passed the final rinse water biological test results, and there was no statistically significant difference in the rate of passing the final rinse water biological test between different levels of medical institutions ( P>0.05) . In terms of the final rinse water production equipment configuration of medical institutions, the type of final rinse water, the availability of water treatment equipment, water treatment process, the installation of raw water pretreatment device, and the installation of disinfection device were the influencing factors of the biological test results of final rinse water, and the difference was statistically significant ( P<0.05) . In terms of the maintenance of the final rinse water production equipment, whether to record the maintenance of the final rinse water, whether to replace the filter membrane regularly, whether to disinfect the water storage tank and the disinfection of the pipeline in the medical institutions that installed the raw water pretreatment and filter membrane and other equipment were the influencing factors of the biological test results of the final rinse water, and the difference was statistically significant ( P<0.05) . In terms of the final rinse water quality monitoring, the establishment of the final rinse water quality monitoring system and the monitoring record were the influencing factors of the final rinse water biological detection results with a statistical difference ( P<0.05) . Conclusions:Medical institutions should pay attention to the quality control of the final rinse water for endoscope by relevant departments, increase financial support and scientific research support, formulate and improve relevant specifications, and unify industry standards and behaviors, so as to ensure the quality of the final rinse water for flexible endoscope and medical safety.

Objective: To compare bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) and dual energy X ray absorptiometry (DXA) for measuring body mineral content (BMC) of children and adolescents, and to provide a basis for BIA to accurately measure BMC in children and adolescents. Methods: By using the convenience sampling method, among 1 469 children and adolescents aged 7-17 were recruited in Guangzhou from April to May 2019, the BMC was measured by DXA and BIA. The intraclass correlation coefficient ( ICC ) and Bland Altman analysis were used to evaluate the agreement between BIA and DXA. Bland Altman analysis was performed on log transformed data. The BMC was categorized into age and specific tertiles, and the agreement between methods was evaluated based on the kappa coefficients. Treating the BMC with DXA as the dependent variable, a prediction model was constructed for correcting the BIA measure. Results: The ICC s were 0.93 and 0.94 for boys and girls, respectively. In Bland Altman analysis, the limits of agreements for the BIA to DXA ratio were wide in boys and girls, ranging from 0.27-0.76 and 0.17-0.72, respectively. The kappa coefficients for categorized BMC levels were 0.57 and 0.45 for boys and girls, respectively, showing a fair to good degree of agreement. When sub grouped by BMI, the kappa coefficients for all BMI groups of boys and overweight girls were all >0.75 , with an excellent agreement. The prediction models for boys and girls were as follows: BMC DXA =-0.51+0.44× BMC BIA + 0.06× Age +0.02× BMI ; and BMC DXA =-0.55+0.43× BMC BIA +0.06× Age +0.02× BMI , respectively. The R 2 for models of boys and girls were 0.87 and 0.87, respectively. Conclusion The agreement between BIA and DXA was poor for measuring BMC, but acceptable when evaluating the categorized BMC levels, suggesting the BIA may be applied in assessment of the BMC levels when compared to the age and gender specific population. Additionally, the prediction model for correcting BMC by BIA fis well to the measurement by DXA.

Objective:To explore the value of diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) in evaluating the effects of hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HOT) in treating spinal cord injury.Methods:The modified Allen′s method was used to induce a traumatic spinal cord injury in 30 rats who were then divided randomly into an injured group and a treatment group, each of 15. The treatment group was given HOT twice a day for 3 days, then once a day for a total of 4 weeks. The injured group did not receive HOT. DTI was performed (along with Basso-Beattie-Bresnahan (BBB) evaluation) at 0h, 6h, 24h, as well as 3, 7, 14, 21 and 28 days after the operation. Two-factor repeated measures ANOVA was conducted to analyze any differences in the DTI results: the fractional anisotropy, mean apparent diffusivity, radial diffusivity and axial diffusivity, as well as the BBB scores. LSD t-tests were performed to analyze the significance of the differences at different time points.Results:At each time point after 24h the average FA value of the treatment group was significantly higher than the injured group′s average, while its average MD and RD values were significantly lower. Beyond 14 days the average AD value of the treatment group was significantly higher than that of the injured group. The treatment group′s average BBB score was also significantly higher at all the time points beyond 3 days.Conclusions:DTI results can evaluate spinal cord function and provide valuable information for the dynamic assessment of hyperbaric oxygen therapy after a traumatic spinal cord injury, and the therapy promotes the recovery of motor function, at least in rats.