The aim of this paper was to investigate the serotypes,virulence factors and drug resist-ance of clinical isolates of Pasteurella rnultocida of porcine origin in recent years.Morphological screening and polymerase chain reaction(PCR)were used to isolate and identify 119 isolates from nasal swabs and lung tissue samples sent from swine farms in Zhejiang Province from 2010 to 2024.The isolates of Pasteurella multocida were subjected to capsular polysaccharide serotyping,lipopolysaccharide serotyping,virulence factor detection and drug resistance analysis by PCR and Kirby-Bauer disc agar diffusion method(K-B).The results showed that there were 64 strains(53.7％)of A-type,54 strains(45.3％)of D-type and 1 strain(0.9％)of F-type among the capsu-lar polysaccharide serotypes,and 10 strains(8.4％)of L1-type,20 strains(16.8％)of L3-type,86 strains(72.2％)of L6-type,and 3 strains(2.6％)of undetermined type among the lipopolysaccha-ride serotypes.The amplification results of 10 virulence genes showed that the detection rate of virulence genes hgbA,higbB and fimA was over 86.0％,the detection rate of toxA was 8.4％,while the virulence gene tbpA was not detected.There were also differences in the distribution vir-ulence genes in different capsular polysaccharide serotypes.Virulence factor pfhA was detected in type A and F but not in type D.The detection rate of adhesin gene tadD in serotype A(92.2％)was significantly higher than that of type D(9.3％),and,on the contrary,the detection rate of ad-hesin gene hsf-l in serotype D(90.7％)was significantly higher than that of type A(20.3％).Drug resistance analysis revealed that Pasteurella multocida showed high susceptibility to antimi-crobial drugs such as amoxicillin,ampicillin,cephalosporins,doxycycline,fosfenicol and ciprofloxa-cin,and showed strong resistance to antimicrobial drugs such as lincomycin,cotrimoxazole,genta-micin and amikacin,and there were 54 multi-drug resistant strains(78.3％).In summary,capsular polysaccharide serotypes were dominated by type A and D,lipopolysaccharide serotypes were dom-inated by L6,the distribution of some virulence genes varied greatly among different serotypes,and the proportion of multi-resistant strains was high,which provide reference for the prevention and control of this disease.

Objective To analyze the spatiotemporal evolution patterns of mortality and disease burden of smoking-related prostate cancer(PCa)from 1990 to 2021 and to predict the future trends,so as to provide evidence-based insights for optimizing regional PCa prevention policies and smoking cessation interventions.Methods Based on data from the Global Burden of Disease Study(GBD)2021,annual mortality,disability-adjusted life years(DALYs),years of life lost(YLLs),years lived with disability(YLDs),and age-standardized rates(ASRs)for PCa across 204 countries and 21 regions from 1990 to 2021 were obtained.Estimated annual percentage change(EAPC)was used to assess the disease burden and mortality of smoking-related PCa across global,regional,socio-demographic index(SDI),and age groups.An autoregressive integrated moving average(ARIMA)model was employed to predict trends in these indicators up to 2050.Results In 2021,smoking-related PCa caused 12 992 global deaths,a 30.74％increase compared to 1990.However,from 1990 to 2021,the global age-standardized mortality rate(ASMR),age-standardized DALYs rate(ASDR),age-standardized YLDs rate(ASYR),and age-standardized YLLs rate(ASLR)for smoking-related PCa declined,with EAPCs being-1.43(95％CI:-1.77--1.12),-1.39(95％CI:-1.66--1.12),-0.41(95％CI:-0.67--0.15)and-1.51(95％CI:-1.78--1.23).In 2021,the region with the highest number of deaths from PCa was Asia(4663 deaths),followed by Europe(4647 deaths),and Oceania had the lowest number of deaths(9 deaths).From 1990 to 2021,the mortality rate of PCa in most regions generally showed a downward trend.High SDI regions showed the most significant declines in ASMR,ASDR,and ASLR[EAPCs:-3.17(95％CI:-3.31--3.02),-2.91(95％CI:-3.02--2.83),and-3.22(95％CI:-3.35--3.09)].For ASYR,only high-SDI regions exhibited a decline,whereas low-middle-SDI regions saw the largest increase[EAPC:1.26(95％CI:1.19-1.33)].In 2021,the number of PCa deaths was more concentrated in the age groups of 70-74 and 75-79,with 2312 and 2278 deaths,respectively.From 1990 to 2021,ASMR,ASDR,and ASLR showed an overall downward trend,EAPC were-2.84(95％CI:-3.21--1.83),-2.77(95％CI:-3.13--1.75),and-2.84(95％CI:-3.14--1.71),with the most significant decline observed in individuals aged 35-39.Projections to 2050 indicated continuing declines in all burden metrics,which would stabilize in later years.Conclusion Despite a global decline in smoking-related PCa burden over the past three decades,significant regional disparities persist,with low-and middle-income countries facing ongoing challenges.Implementing stricter tobacco control policies is critical to mitigating smoking-related health risks.

The aim of this paper was to investigate the serotypes,virulence factors and drug resist-ance of clinical isolates of Pasteurella rnultocida of porcine origin in recent years.Morphological screening and polymerase chain reaction(PCR)were used to isolate and identify 119 isolates from nasal swabs and lung tissue samples sent from swine farms in Zhejiang Province from 2010 to 2024.The isolates of Pasteurella multocida were subjected to capsular polysaccharide serotyping,lipopolysaccharide serotyping,virulence factor detection and drug resistance analysis by PCR and Kirby-Bauer disc agar diffusion method(K-B).The results showed that there were 64 strains(53.7％)of A-type,54 strains(45.3％)of D-type and 1 strain(0.9％)of F-type among the capsu-lar polysaccharide serotypes,and 10 strains(8.4％)of L1-type,20 strains(16.8％)of L3-type,86 strains(72.2％)of L6-type,and 3 strains(2.6％)of undetermined type among the lipopolysaccha-ride serotypes.The amplification results of 10 virulence genes showed that the detection rate of virulence genes hgbA,higbB and fimA was over 86.0％,the detection rate of toxA was 8.4％,while the virulence gene tbpA was not detected.There were also differences in the distribution vir-ulence genes in different capsular polysaccharide serotypes.Virulence factor pfhA was detected in type A and F but not in type D.The detection rate of adhesin gene tadD in serotype A(92.2％)was significantly higher than that of type D(9.3％),and,on the contrary,the detection rate of ad-hesin gene hsf-l in serotype D(90.7％)was significantly higher than that of type A(20.3％).Drug resistance analysis revealed that Pasteurella multocida showed high susceptibility to antimi-crobial drugs such as amoxicillin,ampicillin,cephalosporins,doxycycline,fosfenicol and ciprofloxa-cin,and showed strong resistance to antimicrobial drugs such as lincomycin,cotrimoxazole,genta-micin and amikacin,and there were 54 multi-drug resistant strains(78.3％).In summary,capsular polysaccharide serotypes were dominated by type A and D,lipopolysaccharide serotypes were dom-inated by L6,the distribution of some virulence genes varied greatly among different serotypes,and the proportion of multi-resistant strains was high,which provide reference for the prevention and control of this disease.

Objective:To investigate the risk factors for delirium after free flap reconstruction surgery in elderly patients with head and neck cancer.Methods:This study retrospectively collected clinical data from 309 elderly patients with head and neck cancer who underwent radical resection and free flap reconstruction surgery in the Department of Operation & Anesthesiology, College & Hospital of Stomatology, Guangxi Medical University from January 2018 to December 2022. Among them, there were 197 males (63.8%) and 112 females (36.2%), with an average age of (66.8±5.5) years old. Based on the delirium diagnostic criteria outlined in the fifth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, patients were evaluated for postoperative delirium within one week after surgery. They were then divided into a delirium group ( n=75) and a non-delirium group ( n=234). Perioperative indicators potentially related to postoperative delirium, including age, gender, past medical history, tumor characteristics, hematological tests, perioperative sleep disturbances, surgical procedures, intraoperative fluid intake and output, anesthetic dosage, postoperative pain, etc, were collected from the relevant medical record system.Variables with P<0.05 were included in a multivariate Logistic regression model to screen for independent risk factors for delirium. Results:The incidence of delirium after free flap reconstruction surgery for head and neck cancer in elderly patients was 24.3% (75/309). Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that male gender ( OR=2.802, P=0.005), perioperative sleep disturbances ( OR=7.104, P<0.001), and moderate-to-severe postoperative pain ( OR=6.903, P<0.001) were risk factors for postoperative delirium. Conclusions:Male gender, perioperative sleep disturbances, and moderate-to-severe postoperative pain are independent risk factors for delirium in these patients.

Objective To analyze the spatiotemporal evolution patterns of mortality and disease burden of smoking-related prostate cancer(PCa)from 1990 to 2021 and to predict the future trends,so as to provide evidence-based insights for optimizing regional PCa prevention policies and smoking cessation interventions.Methods Based on data from the Global Burden of Disease Study(GBD)2021,annual mortality,disability-adjusted life years(DALYs),years of life lost(YLLs),years lived with disability(YLDs),and age-standardized rates(ASRs)for PCa across 204 countries and 21 regions from 1990 to 2021 were obtained.Estimated annual percentage change(EAPC)was used to assess the disease burden and mortality of smoking-related PCa across global,regional,socio-demographic index(SDI),and age groups.An autoregressive integrated moving average(ARIMA)model was employed to predict trends in these indicators up to 2050.Results In 2021,smoking-related PCa caused 12 992 global deaths,a 30.74％increase compared to 1990.However,from 1990 to 2021,the global age-standardized mortality rate(ASMR),age-standardized DALYs rate(ASDR),age-standardized YLDs rate(ASYR),and age-standardized YLLs rate(ASLR)for smoking-related PCa declined,with EAPCs being-1.43(95％CI:-1.77--1.12),-1.39(95％CI:-1.66--1.12),-0.41(95％CI:-0.67--0.15)and-1.51(95％CI:-1.78--1.23).In 2021,the region with the highest number of deaths from PCa was Asia(4663 deaths),followed by Europe(4647 deaths),and Oceania had the lowest number of deaths(9 deaths).From 1990 to 2021,the mortality rate of PCa in most regions generally showed a downward trend.High SDI regions showed the most significant declines in ASMR,ASDR,and ASLR[EAPCs:-3.17(95％CI:-3.31--3.02),-2.91(95％CI:-3.02--2.83),and-3.22(95％CI:-3.35--3.09)].For ASYR,only high-SDI regions exhibited a decline,whereas low-middle-SDI regions saw the largest increase[EAPC:1.26(95％CI:1.19-1.33)].In 2021,the number of PCa deaths was more concentrated in the age groups of 70-74 and 75-79,with 2312 and 2278 deaths,respectively.From 1990 to 2021,ASMR,ASDR,and ASLR showed an overall downward trend,EAPC were-2.84(95％CI:-3.21--1.83),-2.77(95％CI:-3.13--1.75),and-2.84(95％CI:-3.14--1.71),with the most significant decline observed in individuals aged 35-39.Projections to 2050 indicated continuing declines in all burden metrics,which would stabilize in later years.Conclusion Despite a global decline in smoking-related PCa burden over the past three decades,significant regional disparities persist,with low-and middle-income countries facing ongoing challenges.Implementing stricter tobacco control policies is critical to mitigating smoking-related health risks.

ObjectiveTo investigate the influencing factors for traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） syndromes in pancreatic cancer by analyzing 608 cases， and to provide a theoretical reference for TCM syndrome differentiation and standardized treatment of pancreatic cancer. MethodsA total of 608 patients with a pathological or clinical diagnosis of pancreatic cancer who were admitted to Shanxi Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine， The Affiliated Hospital of Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine， and Shanxi Provincial Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine from January 2019 to December 2023 were enrolled， and TCM syndrome differentiation was performed. The chi-square test was used for comparison of categorical data between groups. The clinical data with statistical significance between groups were included in the regression analysis， and the unordered polytomous logistic regression model was used to investigate the influencing factors for the TCM syndrome of pancreatic cancer. ResultsFor the 608 patients with pancreatic cancer， common initial symptoms included abdominal pain （32.40%）， abdominal distension （23.85%）， fatigue （16.12%）， and emaciation （10.03%）， and the main clinical symptoms included poor appetite （75.97%）， abdominal pain （67.27%）， fatigue （61.84%）， abdominal distension （57.40%）， and emaciation （53.62%）. There were significant differences between the patients with different TCM syndromes of pancreatic cancer in sex （χ²=62.823， P<0.001）， disease duration （χ²=14.868， P=0.011）， clinical stage （χ²=21.006， P<0.001）， lymph node metastasis （χ²=2.205， P=0.032）， surgery （χ²=38.008， P<0.001）， chemotherapy （χ²=21.384， P<0.001）， radiotherapy （χ²=17.510， P=0.004）， and immunotherapy （χ²=18.573， P=0.002）. The logistic regression analysis showed that male sex was a protective factor against Qi and blood deficiency syndrome （odds ratio ［OR］=0.081， 95% confidence interval ［CI］： 0.031‍ ‍—‍ ‍0.213， P<0.001）， Qi stagnation and blood stasis syndrome （OR=0.100， 95%CI： 0.041‍ ‍—‍ ‍0.247， P<0.001）， and syndrome of Yin deficiency with internal heat （OR=0.158， 95%CI： 0.057‍ ‍—‍ ‍0.444， P<0.001）， while it was a risk factor for the syndrome of damp-heat accumulation （OR=2.378， 95%CI： 1.074‍ ‍—‍ ‍5.266， P=0.033）； the course of the disease of<1 year was a protective factor against Qi and blood deficiency syndrome （OR=0.167， 95%CI： 0.073‍ ‍—‍ ‍0.383， P<0.001）， syndrome of spleen-kidney Yang deficiency （OR=0.183， 95%CI： 0.089‍ ‍—‍ ‍0.378， P<0.001）， and syndrome of Yin deficiency and internal heat （OR=0.164， 95%CI： 0.070‍ ‍—‍ ‍0.385， P<0.001）； clinical stage Ⅰ/Ⅱ/Ⅲ was a risk factor for damp-heat accumulation （OR=2.793， 95%CI： 1.259‍ ‍—‍ ‍6.196， P=0.012） and Qi stagnation and blood stasis syndrome （OR=7.863， 95%CI： 2.808‍ ‍—‍ ‍22.020， P<0.001）； lymph node metastasis was a risk factor for Qi and blood deficiency syndrome （OR=4.005， 95%CI： 1.477‍ ‍—‍ ‍10.861， P=0.006）； surgical treatment was a risk factor for Qi and blood deficiency syndrome （OR=4.151， 95%CI： 1.916‍ ‍—‍ ‍8.995， P<0.001）， syndrome of spleen-kidney yang deficiency （OR=5.352， 95%CI： 2.436‍ ‍—‍ ‍11.759， P<0.001）， Qi stagnation and blood stasis syndrome （OR=2.334， 95%CI： 1.071‍ ‍—‍ ‍5.088， P=0.033）， and syndrome of Yin deficiency and internal heat （OR=4.167， 95%CI： 1.789‍ ‍—‍ ‍9.707， P<0.001）； chemotherapy was a protective factor against damp-heat accumulation （OR=0.188， 95%CI： 0.082‍ ‍—‍ ‍0.428， P<0.001）； radiotherapy was a risk factor for damp-heat accumulation （OR=2.571， 95%CI： 1.151‍ ‍—‍ ‍5.746， P=0.021） and syndrome of Yin deficiency with internal heat （OR=8.384， 95%CI： 3.348‍ ‍—‍ ‍20.997， P<0.001）； immunotherapy was a risk factor for Qi and blood deficiency syndrome （OR=2.114， 95%CI： 1.021‍ ‍—‍ ‍4.379， P=0.044）. ConclusionSex， course of the disease， clinical stage， presence or absence of lymph node metastasis， surgery， chemotherapy， radiotherapy， and immunotherapy are the main influencing factors for the TCM syndrome of pancreatic cancer.

Objective:To investigate the risk factors for delirium after free flap reconstruction surgery in elderly patients with head and neck cancer.Methods:This study retrospectively collected clinical data from 309 elderly patients with head and neck cancer who underwent radical resection and free flap reconstruction surgery in the Department of Operation & Anesthesiology, College & Hospital of Stomatology, Guangxi Medical University from January 2018 to December 2022. Among them, there were 197 males (63.8%) and 112 females (36.2%), with an average age of (66.8±5.5) years old. Based on the delirium diagnostic criteria outlined in the fifth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, patients were evaluated for postoperative delirium within one week after surgery. They were then divided into a delirium group ( n=75) and a non-delirium group ( n=234). Perioperative indicators potentially related to postoperative delirium, including age, gender, past medical history, tumor characteristics, hematological tests, perioperative sleep disturbances, surgical procedures, intraoperative fluid intake and output, anesthetic dosage, postoperative pain, etc, were collected from the relevant medical record system.Variables with P<0.05 were included in a multivariate Logistic regression model to screen for independent risk factors for delirium. Results:The incidence of delirium after free flap reconstruction surgery for head and neck cancer in elderly patients was 24.3% (75/309). Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that male gender ( OR=2.802, P=0.005), perioperative sleep disturbances ( OR=7.104, P<0.001), and moderate-to-severe postoperative pain ( OR=6.903, P<0.001) were risk factors for postoperative delirium. Conclusions:Male gender, perioperative sleep disturbances, and moderate-to-severe postoperative pain are independent risk factors for delirium in these patients.

Objective To explore the effect of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation(rTMS)on the sleep disorder and examination results of recruits.Methods At a training base,the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index(PSQI)was used to screen the recruits with sleep disorders(total score of PSQI>7).The recruits were randomly assigned to rTMS group or sham rTMS group.Both groups received cognitive and behavioral intervention therapy,including sleep health education and relaxation training.Moreover,the rTMS group was treated with rTMS at the right posterior parietal lobe by continuous theta burst stimulation(cTBS)twice a day at an interval of at least 50 min for 5 consecutive days as a course of treatment with an interval of 2 days for a total of 2 courses of treatment.The coil position and stimulus intensity of sham rTMS group were consistent with the rTMS group,but the head of subjects was perpendicular to the coil plane and there was no effective stimulation.Before and after treatment,PSQI,self-rating depression scale,generalized anxiety disorder-7 and health questionnaire-15 were used to evaluate the sleep,mood and physical state of the recruits.The training result was assessed one month after treatment.The total effective rate of PSQI improvement and examination results were compared between the two groups.The independent influencing factors of excellent examination result were analyzed.Results Among 351 recruits,83 with sleep disorders completed treatment and follow-up.There were 40 patients in the rTMS group and 43 patients in the sham rTMS group.There was no significant difference between the two groups at baseline.After treatment,the total effective rate of PSQI improvement in the rTMS group was higher than that in the sham rTMS group(77.50%vs 53.49%,P=0.022).The average examination score and excellent rate of the rTMS group were higher than those of the sham rTMS group(91.58±3.19 vs 89.47±4.67,P=0.020;85%vs 65.12%,P=0.037).Logistic regression analysis showed that the treatment mode(rTMS group)was the independent influencing factor of excellent examination results(P=0.032).Conclusion rTMS can effectively and safely improve the sleep disorders and examination results of recruits.rTMS may play a positive role in improving the learning and training effect of recruits,which needs to be further proved.

Clinicians need to focus on various points in the diagnosis and treatment of insomnia.This article prescribed the treatment protocol based on the unique features,such as insomnia in the elderly,women experiencing specific physiologi-cal periods,children insomnia,insomnia in sleep-breathing disorder patients,insomnia in patients with chronic liver and kidney dysfunction.It pro-vides some reference for clinicians while they make decision on diagnosis,differentiation and treat-ment methods.

Traumatic supraorbital fissure syndrome (TSOFS) is a symptom complex caused by nerve entrapment in the supraorbital fissure after skull base trauma. If the compressed cranial nerve in the supraorbital fissure is not decompressed surgically, ptosis, diplopia and eye movement disorder may exist for a long time and seriously affect the patients′ quality of life. Since its overall incidence is not high, it is not familiarized with the majority of neurosurgeons and some TSOFS may be complicated with skull base vascular injury. If the supraorbital fissure surgery is performed without treatment of vascular injury, it may cause massive hemorrhage, and disability and even life-threatening in severe cases. At present, there is no consensus or guideline on the diagnosis and treatment of TSOFS that can be referred to both domestically and internationally. To improve the understanding of TSOFS among clinical physicians and establish standardized diagnosis and treatment plans, the Skull Base Trauma Group of the Neurorepair Professional Committee of the Chinese Medical Doctor Association, Neurotrauma Group of the Neurosurgery Branch of the Chinese Medical Association, Neurotrauma Group of the Traumatology Branch of the Chinese Medical Association, and Editorial Committee of Chinese Journal of Trauma organized relevant experts to formulate Chinese expert consensus on the diagnosis and treatment of traumatic supraorbital fissure syndrome ( version 2024) based on evidence of evidence-based medicine and clinical experience of diagnosis and treatment. This consensus puts forward 12 recommendations on the diagnosis, classification, treatment, efficacy evaluation and follow-up of TSOFS, aiming to provide references for neurosurgeons from hospitals of all levels to standardize the diagnosis and treatment of TSOFS.