The rapid emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants that evade immunity elicited by vaccination has posed a global challenge to the control of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Therefore, developing countermeasures that broadly protect against SARS-CoV-2 and related sarbecoviruses is essential. Herein, we have developed a lipid nanoparticle (LNP)-encapsulated mRNA (mRNA-LNP) encoding the full-length Spike (S) glycoprotein of SARS-CoV-2 (termed RG001), which confers complete protection in a non-human primate model. Intramuscular immunization of two doses of RG001 in Rhesus monkey elicited robust neutralizing antibodies and cellular response against SARS-CoV-2 variants, resulting in significantly protected SARS-CoV-2-infected animals from acute lung lesions and complete inhibition of viral replication in all animals immunized with low or high doses of RG001. More importantly, the third dose of RG001 vaccination elicited effective neutralizing antibodies against current epidemic XBB and JN.1 strains and similar cellular response against SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variants (BA.1, XBB.1.16, and JN.1) were observed in immunized mice. All these results together strongly support the great potential of RG001 in preventing the infection of SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern (VOCs).

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the efficacy， safety and cost-effectiveness of toripalimab （Tor） combined with chemotherapy （CT） in the treatment of locally advanced or metastatic non-small cell lung cancer （NSCLC）. METHODS PubMed， the Cochrane Library， Embase， Web of Science， CBM， CNKI， Wanfang Data， and Health Technology Assessment （HTA） related websites were searched to collect the HTA reports， systematic reviews/meta-analyses and pharmacoeconomic studies of Tor+CT in the treatment of locally advanced or metastatic NSCLC from database/website inception to March 31， 2025. After data extraction and quality evaluation， the results of the included studies were analyzed descriptively. RESULTS A total of eleven studies were included， involving five systematic reviews/meta-analyses， and six pharmacoeconomic studies. Among the five systematic reviews/ meta-analyses， two were of high quality， while there was one each of moderate， low， and very low quality. All six pharmacoeconomic studies were of good quality. In terms of efficacy， compared with CT， Tor+CT significantly improved patients’ progression-free survival （PFS） and overall survival （P＜0.05）. In addition， compared with ipilimumab+CT， durvalumab， durvalumab+tremelimumab and sugemalimab+CT， Tor+CT could also improve the PFS （P＜0.05）. In terms of safety， there was no significant difference in the incidence of grade≥3 adverse events between patients receiving Tor+CT and CT （P＞0.05）； while Tor+CT had a lower incidence of grade≥3 adverse E-mail： events， compared with camrelizumab+CT， pembrolizumab+ 3233255290@qq.com ipilimumab， nivolumab+CT and atezolizumab+CT （P＜0.05）.In terms of cost-effectiveness， Tor+CT treatment had certain cost-effectiveness advantages， compared with CT. CONCLUSIONS Compared with CT， other programmed death-1/programmed death-ligand 1 inhibitors alone， or their combination with CT， Tor+CT for the treatment of locally advanced or metastatic NSCLC has good efficacy， safety and cost-effectiveness.

ObjectiveTo investigate the influencing factors for traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） syndromes in pancreatic cancer by analyzing 608 cases， and to provide a theoretical reference for TCM syndrome differentiation and standardized treatment of pancreatic cancer. MethodsA total of 608 patients with a pathological or clinical diagnosis of pancreatic cancer who were admitted to Shanxi Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine， The Affiliated Hospital of Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine， and Shanxi Provincial Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine from January 2019 to December 2023 were enrolled， and TCM syndrome differentiation was performed. The chi-square test was used for comparison of categorical data between groups. The clinical data with statistical significance between groups were included in the regression analysis， and the unordered polytomous logistic regression model was used to investigate the influencing factors for the TCM syndrome of pancreatic cancer. ResultsFor the 608 patients with pancreatic cancer， common initial symptoms included abdominal pain （32.40%）， abdominal distension （23.85%）， fatigue （16.12%）， and emaciation （10.03%）， and the main clinical symptoms included poor appetite （75.97%）， abdominal pain （67.27%）， fatigue （61.84%）， abdominal distension （57.40%）， and emaciation （53.62%）. There were significant differences between the patients with different TCM syndromes of pancreatic cancer in sex （χ²=62.823， P<0.001）， disease duration （χ²=14.868， P=0.011）， clinical stage （χ²=21.006， P<0.001）， lymph node metastasis （χ²=2.205， P=0.032）， surgery （χ²=38.008， P<0.001）， chemotherapy （χ²=21.384， P<0.001）， radiotherapy （χ²=17.510， P=0.004）， and immunotherapy （χ²=18.573， P=0.002）. The logistic regression analysis showed that male sex was a protective factor against Qi and blood deficiency syndrome （odds ratio ［OR］=0.081， 95% confidence interval ［CI］： 0.031‍ ‍—‍ ‍0.213， P<0.001）， Qi stagnation and blood stasis syndrome （OR=0.100， 95%CI： 0.041‍ ‍—‍ ‍0.247， P<0.001）， and syndrome of Yin deficiency with internal heat （OR=0.158， 95%CI： 0.057‍ ‍—‍ ‍0.444， P<0.001）， while it was a risk factor for the syndrome of damp-heat accumulation （OR=2.378， 95%CI： 1.074‍ ‍—‍ ‍5.266， P=0.033）； the course of the disease of<1 year was a protective factor against Qi and blood deficiency syndrome （OR=0.167， 95%CI： 0.073‍ ‍—‍ ‍0.383， P<0.001）， syndrome of spleen-kidney Yang deficiency （OR=0.183， 95%CI： 0.089‍ ‍—‍ ‍0.378， P<0.001）， and syndrome of Yin deficiency and internal heat （OR=0.164， 95%CI： 0.070‍ ‍—‍ ‍0.385， P<0.001）； clinical stage Ⅰ/Ⅱ/Ⅲ was a risk factor for damp-heat accumulation （OR=2.793， 95%CI： 1.259‍ ‍—‍ ‍6.196， P=0.012） and Qi stagnation and blood stasis syndrome （OR=7.863， 95%CI： 2.808‍ ‍—‍ ‍22.020， P<0.001）； lymph node metastasis was a risk factor for Qi and blood deficiency syndrome （OR=4.005， 95%CI： 1.477‍ ‍—‍ ‍10.861， P=0.006）； surgical treatment was a risk factor for Qi and blood deficiency syndrome （OR=4.151， 95%CI： 1.916‍ ‍—‍ ‍8.995， P<0.001）， syndrome of spleen-kidney yang deficiency （OR=5.352， 95%CI： 2.436‍ ‍—‍ ‍11.759， P<0.001）， Qi stagnation and blood stasis syndrome （OR=2.334， 95%CI： 1.071‍ ‍—‍ ‍5.088， P=0.033）， and syndrome of Yin deficiency and internal heat （OR=4.167， 95%CI： 1.789‍ ‍—‍ ‍9.707， P<0.001）； chemotherapy was a protective factor against damp-heat accumulation （OR=0.188， 95%CI： 0.082‍ ‍—‍ ‍0.428， P<0.001）； radiotherapy was a risk factor for damp-heat accumulation （OR=2.571， 95%CI： 1.151‍ ‍—‍ ‍5.746， P=0.021） and syndrome of Yin deficiency with internal heat （OR=8.384， 95%CI： 3.348‍ ‍—‍ ‍20.997， P<0.001）； immunotherapy was a risk factor for Qi and blood deficiency syndrome （OR=2.114， 95%CI： 1.021‍ ‍—‍ ‍4.379， P=0.044）. ConclusionSex， course of the disease， clinical stage， presence or absence of lymph node metastasis， surgery， chemotherapy， radiotherapy， and immunotherapy are the main influencing factors for the TCM syndrome of pancreatic cancer.

Objective:To explore the characteristics of portal vein thrombosis (PVT) formation in patients with hepatitis B cirrhosis and its effect on long-term prognosis.Methods:The clinical data of a cohort of patients with hepatitis B cirrhosis who visited Beijing Youan Hospital from May 2009 to August 2020 were retrospectively analyzed. Enhanced CT examination was used as the standard for diagnosing PVT and its classification. Patients with hepatitis B cirrhosis without PVT at baseline were selected as the research subjects. According to whether PVT was formed during the follow-up period, they were divided into the PVT and control groups including 99 and 168 patients in the PVT and control groups with a follow-up time of 52.0 (46.7, 57.3) months. The changes in baseline and endpoint clinical indicators of the two groups were compared. Kaplan-Meier survival curve, log-rank test, and Cox regression were used to analyze the effect of PVT on prognosis.Results:In the PVT group, 28.28% (28/99) of patients underwent splenectomy, and 74.75% (74/99) did not receive anticoagulation therapy. The main portal vein thrombosis, portal vein branch thrombosis, and thrombosis in both groups accounted for 34.34% (34/99), 23.23% (23/99), and 15.15% (15/99), respectively. The splenic vein or superior mesenteric vein accounted for 27.27% (27/99). PVT was stable in 63.27% (63/99), progressed in 31.31% (31/99), and relieved in 5.05% (5/99) during the follow-up period. The white blood cell, hemoglobin, and platelet counts were all decreased in the PVT group compared with the baseline ( P<0.05). The international normalized ratio (INR) [1.28 (1.14, 1.39) vs. 1.33 (1.19, 1.46), P=0.041] and spleen length [(163.84±30.68) mm vs. (177.26±32.61) mm, P<0.001] was increased compared with the baseline. The proportion of gastroesophageal variceal bleeding was higher in the PVT group than in the control group (57.0% vs. 28.7%, P<0.001), and the constituent ratio of hepatic encephalopathy was not statistically significantly different ( P>0.05). The proportion of patients with ascites in the control group decreased (63.1% vs. 41.7%, P<0.001), while the proportion of patients with ascites in the PVT group was not statistically significantly different ( P>0.05). The incidence of composite clinical endpoint events in the PVT and the control group was 21.21% (21/99) and 4.17% (7/168), respectively ( P＜0.05). The incidence of composite clinical endpoint events in PVT patients without anticoagulation and anticoagulation treatment was 25.68% (19/74) and 8.00% (2/25), respectively ( P=0.062). Cox regression analysis found that PVT formation was an independent risk factor for liver-related adverse events in patients with hepatitis B cirrhosis ( HR=9.36, 95% CI: 3.65～24.02, P=0.001). Conclusions:The presence of PVT in patients with hepatitis B cirrhosis is assoliated with worse prognosis. The formation of PVT is closely related to the increased risk of liver-related adverse prognosis in patients with hepatitis B cirrhosis.

Objective:To continuously track the publishing budget of provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)in China and comprehend the management changes in the provincial CDCs based on the financial input.Methods:Publishing budget data for the period 2021—2024 of 31 provincial CDCs and provincial health administrations in China were collected and analyzed from the perspectives of time change and proportion relationship.Results:Statistical analysis revealed that the overall budget income of provincial CDCs in 2024 exceeded that of 2021.Most provincial CDCs in many provinces exhibited high-level growth(some with slight fluctuations),stable growth,and rapid growth in budget income changes.The proportion of provincial CDCs'budget income relative to provincial health administrations steadily increased,and the synergistic relationship mainly manifested as increase in the same direction,but there is a situation of changing from"strong benign"to"weak benign".Conclusion:The development of the budget income for provincial CDCs in China aligns with the imperative to establish a stable public health investment mechanism,reflecting more support towards provincial CDCs in recent years.Future efforts should continue focusing on the synergistic relationship between provincial CDCs and provincial health administrations,so as to provide guidance for the local provincial CDC budget management and provide references for CDCs in other provinces.

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a critical clinical condition characterized by rapid renal function decline, with high morbidity, mortality, and healthcare costs. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has shown potential effects on mitigating oxidative stress and programmed cell death in AKI models. Scutellaria barbata D. Don (SB) and Scleromitrion diffusum (Willd.) R. J. Wang (SD), a classic TCM herbal pair exhibited anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities. Using advanced chromatographic separation technology, we enriched the effective fractions of water extracts from SB-SD, obtaining self-assembled herbal nanoparticles (SB and SD nanoparticles, SSNPs) rich in flavonoids and terpenoids. These SSNPs demonstrated robust antioxidant properties in vitro and mitigated AKI progression in vivo by activating the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) signaling pathway. Oral administration of SSNPs in mice resulted in absorption into the bloodstream, formation of a protein corona, reduced macrophage phagocytosis, and enhanced bioavailability and renal targeting. Furthermore, we investigated the self-assembly principle of SSNPs using representative flavonoids and terpenoids. Kinetic studies and in situ transmission electron microscopy (in situ TEM) revealed that these compounds self-assemble via supramolecular forces like hydrogen bonding and π-π interactions, forming stable nanostructures. This study elucidates the renoprotective effects and mechanisms of SB and SD, and provides a novel approach for the development of TCM-based nanomedicines, highlighting the potential of nano-TCM in AKI treatment.

Soil cadmium pollution can adversely affect the cultivation of the ornamental plant, Coleus scutellarioides. Upon cadmium contamination of the soil, the growth of C. scutellarioides is impeded, and it may even succumb to the toxic accumulation of cadmium. In this study, we investigated the effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) on the adaptation of C. scutellarioides to cadmium stress, by measuring the physiological metabolism and the degree of root damage of C. scutellarioides, with Aspergillus oryzae as the test fungi. The results indicated that cadmium stress increased the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), and catalase (CAT), and the content of malondialdehyde (MDA) and proline (Pro) within the cells of C. scutellarioides, but inhibited mycorrhizal infestation rate, root vigour and growth rate to a great degree. With the same cadmium concentration, the inoculation of AMF significantly improved the physiological indexes of C. scutellarioides. The maximum decrease of MDA content was 42.16%, and the content of secondary metabolites rosemarinic acid and anthocyanosides could be increased by up to 27.43% and 25.72%, respectively. Meanwhile, the increase of root vigour was as high as 35.35%, and the DNA damage of the root system was obviously repaired. In conclusion, the inoculation of AMF can promote the accumulation of secondary metabolites, alleviate root damage, and enhance the tolerance to cadmium stress in C. scutellarioides.
Cadmium/toxicity* ; Mycorrhizae/physiology* ; Plant Roots/drug effects* ; Soil Pollutants/toxicity* ; Stress, Physiological ; Superoxide Dismutase/metabolism*

Objective To establish an 8-hydroxyquinoline pre-column derivatization-high performance liquid chromatographydiode array detection(HPLC-DAD) method for the determination of aluminum content in vaccines, and to verify the method for vaccine quality control.Methods The determination was carried out by pre-column derivatization with 8-hydroxyquinoline, and the sample pretreatment conditions of hydrochloric acid solution concentration(0. 1, 0. 5, 1, 2, 5 mol/L),hydrochloric acid digestion time(20, 30, 40, 50, 60 min), concentratio%n of derivatization reagent 8-hydroxyquinoline(0. 5,1, 2, 3, 4 mg/mL), and ammonia concentration(1. 25%, 6. 25%, 12. 50%, 18. 75%, 25%) were optimized. ZORBAX SB-C_8(4. 6 mm × 150 mm, 5 ??m) column was used with methanol-water as mobile phase in gradient elution at a flow rate of0. 8 mL/min. The detection wavelength was 254 nm, the column temperature was 30 ℃, and the injection volume was 10 ??L.The linear range, accuracy, precision, specificity and stability of the method were validated, the limit of detection(LOD) and limit of quantification(LOQ) were determined, and the method was used to detect the aluminum content in 16 batches of bivalent human papillomavirus(HPV) and three batches of recombinant hepatitis E virus(HEV) vaccines.Results The optimized pretreatment conditions were as follows: hydrochloric acid concentration 1 mol/L, digestion time 20 min,derivatization reagent 8-hydroxyquinoline concentration 2 mg/mL, and ammonia concentration 12. 5%. Aluminum showed a good linearity in the concentration range of 2 to 100 ??g/mL, with a correlation coefficient(r) of 0. 999 98. The average recovery rates of spiked samples were between 89. 6% and 95. 7%. The relative standard deviation(RSD) of the aluminum content test results of six samples was 1. 4%. The blank reagent showed no interference with the detection. The sample solution exhibited good stability at room temperature for 12 h. The LOD and LOQ of the method were 0. 267 ??g/mL and0. 820 ??g/mL respectively. The established method was used to detect the aluminum content in 16 batches of HPV vaccines and three batches of recombinant HEV vaccines, and the results were not significantly different from those detected by titration method in General Principles 3106 of the Chinese Pharmacopoeia(Volume Ⅲ, 2020 edition).Conclusion The established HPLC-DAD method is accurate and reliable, with good precision, specificity and stability. The mobile phase is only methanol-water without adding buffer salts and derivatizing agents, etc., and it is easy to operate and friendly to instruments and chromatographic columns. The method requires a small amount of samples, which can realize the detection of a single dose of vaccine sample and provide reference for the quality control of vaccines.

Objective To summarize the clinical efficacy of robotic-assisted left thoracic small-incision minimally invasive direct coronary artery bypass grafting(MIDCAB).Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on the procedures and treatment outcomes of robotic-assisted MIDCAB in the Army Medical Center of PLA from October 2016 to June 2023.Baseline clinical information,MIDCAB-related data,perioperative conditions and data during follow-up were collected and analyzed.Results There were 23 patients subjected,including 21 males and 2 females,with a mean age of 58.17±7.49 years,and a body mass index(BMI)of 23.99±3.25 kg/m2.All of them experienced angina pectoris,and 1 had a history of myocardial infarction,1 had dilated cardiomyopathy,2 patients had chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD),and 10 had a history of percutaneous coronary intervention(PCI).Robotic-assisted MIDCAB procedure was successfully completed.No internal mammary artery injury or transformation of the procedure occurred in these cases,and excellent bridging vessel flow was achieved after anastomosis of the internal mammary artery to left anterior descending branch.The incision length in the left chest was 8(8,8)cm,the operation time was 380(300,465)min,the intraoperative bleeding volume was 300(100,400)mL,the length of ICU stay was 3(2,3)d,the amount of thoracic drainage was 780(525,1 040)mL,and the postoperative length from surgery to discharge was 11.17±2.38 d.No mortality was observed during or within 30 d of hospitalization,and 1 patient was readmitted due to pericardial effusion within 30 d,and was discharged after symptomatic treatment including pericardiocentesis and drainage.No deaths,major adverse cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events(MACCE),or re-revascularization occurred in all patients during outpatient and telephone follow-up.Conclusion Robotic-assisted internal mammary artery dissection is a delicate and safe technique,and coronary artery bypass grafting in minimally invasive small-incision off-pump is effective,safe and feasible,with satisfactory short-and mid-term outcomes.The technique is suitable for minimally invasive coronary artery disease surgery and is worthy of popularization and application.

Chimeric antigen receptor T cell immuno-therapy (CAR-T) has achieved remarkable results in treating hematological malignancies by targeted killing of tumor by gene-edited T cells. However, it faces challenges such as target antigen deletion, tumor heterogeneity, and an immunosuppressive microenvironment when applied to solid tumors. Nanocarriers, as a new carrier system, can effectively improve the therapeutic effect of CAR-T and reduce its toxicity. In this review, the application progress of nanotechnology in CAR-T was summarized, such as using nanoparticles (NPs) to delivery mRNA CAR and provide antigen targets for CAR-T, and nanocarriers improve the tumor microenvironment. These techniques provide a new strategy for achieving efficient, personalized CAR-T immunotherapy in solid tumors.