Cemental tear is a rare and indetectable condition unless obvious clinical signs present with the involvement of surrounding periodontal and periapical tissues. Due to its clinical manifestations similar to common dental issues, such as vertical root fracture, primary endodontic diseases, and periodontal diseases, as well as the low awareness of cemental tear for clinicians, misdiagnosis often occurs. The critical principle for cemental tear treatment is to remove torn fragments, and overlooking fragments leads to futile therapy, which could deteriorate the conditions of the affected teeth. Therefore, accurate diagnosis and subsequent appropriate interventions are vital for managing cemental tear. Novel diagnostic tools, including cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT), microscopes, and enamel matrix derivatives, have improved early detection and management, enhancing tooth retention. The implementation of standardized diagnostic criteria and treatment protocols, combined with improved clinical awareness among dental professionals, serves to mitigate risks of diagnostic errors and suboptimal therapeutic interventions. This expert consensus reviewed the epidemiology, pathogenesis, potential predisposing factors, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, differential diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of cemental tear, aiming to provide a clinical guideline and facilitate clinicians to have a better understanding of cemental tear.
Humans ; Dental Cementum/injuries* ; Consensus ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Cone-Beam Computed Tomography ; Tooth Fractures/therapy*

Objective:To preliminarily predict the potential pathways and targets of Xiaoban Tongmai Formula in anti-atherosclerosis(AS)by network pharmacology analysis,and to verify its possible mechanism combined with in vitro cell experiment.Method:The databases including Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform(TCMSP),GeneCards,Swiss Target Prediction,and Uniprot were used to collect the information on active compounds and corresponding targets of Xiaoban Tongmai Formula to construct the"compound-target-disease"network.The potential targets and pathways were predicted by protein-protein interaction(PPI)network,and the intersection targets were subjected to Gene Ontology(GO)functional enrichment analysis and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG)pathway enrichment analysis.The human aortic vascular smooth muscle cells(HA-VSMCs)were cultured and identified in vitro,and the abnormal proliferation of HA-VSMCs were induced by oxidized low-density lipoprotein(ox-LDL)and identified;MTT method was used to detect the proliferation activities of the HA-VSMCs in various groups after treated with different concentrations of Xiaoban Tongmai Formula;the safety of Xiaoban Tongmai Fang was confirmed.The HA-VSMCs were divided into blank group,model group(the abnormal proliferation of HA-VSMCs was induced),rosuvastatin group(treated with 4 μmol·L-1 rosuvastatin after inducing the abnormal proliferation of HA-VSMCs),and low,medium,and high doses of Xiaoban Tongmai Formula groups(treated with 0.025,0.050,and 0.100 mng·L-1 Xiaoban Tongmai Formula after inducing the abnormal proliferation of HA-VSMCs);enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA)was used to detect the levels of monocyte chemotactic protein-1(MCP-1),interleukin-6(IL-6),and interleukin-8(IL-8)in supernatant of the HA-VSMCs in various groups;real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR(RT-qPCR)method was used to detect the expression levels of nuclear factor kappa-B(NF-κB)p65 mRNA and fibroblast growth factors 2(FGF2)mRNA in the HA-VSMCs in various groups;Western blotting method was used to detect the expression levels of NF-κB p65 and FGF2 proteins in the HA-VSMCs in various groups.Results:Xiaoban Tongmai Formula contained 103 active ingredients that exert anti-AS effect by acting on 189 target genes.The potential targets included IL-6,IL-8,vascular endothelial growth factor A(VEGFA),nuclear factor kappa B1(NF-κB1),and RELA(NF-κB p65).The GO functional analysis and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis results showed that Xiaoban Tongmai Formula exerted anti-AS effects by regulating lipid metabolism,hypoxia-inducible factor-1(HIF-1),epidermal growth factor(EGF),phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase(PI3K)/protein kinase B(Akt),and NF-κB signaling pathways.The cell morphology and immunofluorescence staining results confirmed that the cells were HA-VSMCs.The oil red O staining results showed numerous red lipid droplets,indicating successful modeling.The MTT assay results showed that Xiaoban Tongmai Formula had no significant effect on the proliferation rate of HA-VSMCs within a certain dose range,indicating good safety.The ELISA results showed that compared with model group,the levels of MCP-1 and IL-6 in supernatant of the HA-VSMCs in rosuvastatin group and different doses of Xiaoban Tongmai Formula groups were decreased(P＜0.05 or P＜0.01),and the levels of IL-8 in supernatant of the HA-VSMCs in 0.050 and 0.100 mg·L-1 Xiaoban Tongmai Formula groups were decreased(P＜0.01);compared with rosuvastatin group,the levels of MCP-1 in supernatant of the HA-VSMCs in different doses of Xiaoban Tongmai Formula groups were decreased(P＜0.01),and the levels of IL-8 in supernatant of the HA-VSMCs in 0.050 and 0.100 mg·L-1 Xiaoban Tongmai Formula groups were decreased(P＜0.01).Compared with model group,the expression levels of NF-κB p65 mRNA in the HA-VSMCs in rosuvastatin group and different doses of Xiaoban Tongmai Formula groups were decreased(P＜0.01),and the expression levels of FGF2 mRNA in the HA-VSMCs in rosuvastatin group and 0.050 and 0.100 mg·L-1 Xiaoban Tongmai Formula groups were decreased(P＜0.01);compared with rosuvastatin group,the expression levels of NF-κB p65 and FGF2 mRNA in the HA-VSMCs in 0.050 and 0.100 mg·L-1 Xiaoban Tongmai Formula groups were decreased(P＜0.05 or P＜0.01).Compared with model group,the expression levels of NF-κB p65 and FGF2 proteins in the HA-VSMCs in rosuvastatin group and different doses of Xiaoban Tongmai Formula groups were decreased(P＜0.01);compared with rosuvastatin group,the expression levels of NF-κB p65 protein in the HA-VSMCs in 0.050 and 0.100 mg·L-1 Xiaoban Tongmai Formula groups were decreased(P＜0.01),and the expression level of FGF2 protein in the HA-VSMCs in 0.100 mg·L-1 Xiaoban Tongmai Formula group was decreased(P＜0.01).Conclusion:Xiaoban Tongmai Formula has anti-inflammatory effect,inhibitory effect on the proliferation of HA-VSMCs,and anti-AS effect,and its mechanism may be related to the inactivation of NF-κB/FGF2 pathway.

Objective Coronary heart disease(CHD)is one of the major lethal diseases in the world at present.The detection of biomarkers is an important non-invasive method to evaluate the progression of CHD,which is of great significance for the diagnosis and secondary prevention of CHD.This study aims to screen diagnostic biomarkers in the pathogenesis of myocardial infarction,analyze cuprotosis-related genes in the development of this disease,and further predict the traditional Chinese medicine of regulating cuprotosis-related genes.Methods The GEO database was searched to obtain chip data of myocardial infarction,differentially expressed genes(DEGs)were analyzed.Then,DEGs enrichment analysis was performed,and key genes were screened based on least absolute shrinkage and selection operator(LASSO)and random forest(RF)methods.Diagnostic model was constructed and verified.After immune cell infiltration analysis was performed on differential genes,the results were further combined with weighted gene co-expression network analysis to obtain differentially expressed immune-related genes,which were intersected with cuproptosis genes to obtain cuproptosis immune-related Hub genes.The correlation between cuproptosis-related genes and diagnostic genes were analyzed.Gene set enrichment analysis(GSEA)was performed on cuproptosis-related genes to further predict the traditional Chinese medicines of regulating the genes related to cuproptosis.Results A total of 115 DEGs,which were mainly enriched in the biological processes and pathways related to lymphocyte-mediated immunity,mitochondrial respiratory chain complex Ⅳ,C-type lectin receptor signaling pathway,and chemokine signaling pathway,were obtained by differential analysis.Five diagnostic genes,SNORA20,SNORA19,H4C3,SNORD81,and COX7B,were screened out by machine learning methods.Immune infiltration analysis found dendritic cells,macrophages M2,monocytes,neutrophils,natural killer cells,CD4+T cells,CD8+T cells,and γδ T cells.It was indicated the above eight immune cells play a certain role in the pathogenesis of myocardial infarction in coronary heart disease.Weighted correlation network analysis(WGCNA)and immune infiltration analysis were used to obtain 358 key module genes,which were intersected with cuproptosis genes to obtain three cuproptosis and immune signature genes.The correlation analysis results of five diagnostic genes and Hub genes showed that there was a correlation between the expressions of SLC31A1 and SNORA20,LIAS and SNORA19,SNORD81,MTF1 and H4C3,SNORA20,SNORA19,SNORD81.GSEA analysis results indicated that LIAS and MTF1 had a significant effect on the NF-κB signaling pathway,NOD-like receptor signaling pathway and Toll-like receptor signaling pathway.The potential regulatory Chinese medicines are mainly blood-activating and stasis-eliminating,qi-promoting and analgesic drugs.Conclusion SNORA20,SNORA19,H4C3,SNORD81,COX7B have a certain diagnostic value for myocardial infarction in coronary heart disease.The prediction of genes related to cuproptosis and immune infiltration in the pathogenesis of myocardial infarction provides a certain reference for the study of the mechanism of traditional Chinese medicine intervention in myocardial infarction.

Abstract： Objective　To elucidate the antigenic antibody reaction of recombinant expression of non-structural protein 1 (NS1) of Japanese encephalitis (JE) virus with various mosquito-borne flaviviruses, including JE virus, and the antigenic antibody reaction of serum samples of patients infected with JE virus in acute stage. Methods　In this study, Escherichia coli prokaryotic expression vector (pET) system was used to recombinant express Japanese encephalitis virus NS1 gene. Western Blot assay was performed to detect the antibody responses of the recombinantly expressed protein against a variety of mosquito-transmitted flaviviruses, including JE virus, as well as antigen-antibody reactions of serum from patients with acute JE virus infection. Results　The NS1 gene expression product of JE virus (P3 strain) was in the form of an inclusion body, and the denatured and renatured expression product was displayed as a single band in the denatured gel (polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, PAGE), with a molecular weight of about 45 000. The results of further antigen-antibody analysis showed that the antigen/antibody hybridization reaction of the expression product with polyclonal or monoclonal antibody of JE virus (mosquito isolates, encephalitis isolates) and serum samples of patients with acute JE virus infection could be completely consistent. The recombinant product showed negative antigen/antibody hybridization reactions with mosquito-transmitted flaviviruses, such as dengue virus and yellow fever virus polyclonal antibodies, but positive reactions with polyclonal antibodies to West Nile virus and Murray Valley encephalitis virus. Conclusions　In this study, the recombinant expression of the NS1 protein of JE virus was successfully obtained, and the antigen/antibody reaction between the recombinant protein and samples of patients infected with mosquito-borne flavivirus and JE virus was analyzed. The study results provide important basic data for elucidating the antigen-antibody reaction between the NS1 protein of JE virus and mosquito-borne flavivirus. The recombinant expression protein obtained in this study provides an important material basis for further research on the function of JE virus NS1 protein.

Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) can be employed to monitor regional oxygen saturation (rSO 2), to reflect the oxygen metabolism and local effective blood perfusion of the measured site in a real-time and noninvasive manner.NIRS has been extensively used in monitoring blood perfusion of brain, kidney, gastrointestinal tract and organ function evaluation in different conditions.During the perioperative period of congenital heart disease, hemodynamic fluctuation may easily cause organ hypoperfusion, which would lead to the development of ischemia, hypoxia and internal environment disorder, thus resulting in harmful changes in tissue oxygenation status.However, there is no change in the arterial oxygen saturation (SaO 2) and mixed venous saturation (SvO 2). NIRS can be employed to sensitively monitor the changes of tissue rSO 2, so as to prevent further injury caused by tissue ischemia and hypoxia.This paper briefly describes the basic principle, limitations and new progress of NIRS in the perioperative application of CHD, in order to provide new ideas and directions for its clinical application in the perioperative period of CHD, early evaluate the patient′s condition and guide clinical work.

Objective:To explore the effect of systolic anterior motion (SAM) of mitral valves on the morphology and function of left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT) in patients with hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy (HOCM) using computer fluid dynamics based on three-dimensional echocardiography with inverted grey values.Methods:A total of 40 patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy were divided into SAM group (24 cases) and non SAM group (16 cases) in Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University from April 2016 to October 2019. Two dimensional and three-dimensional echocardiographic data of the patients were collected. The LVOT morphological model was constructed based on the post-processing of three-dimensional echocardiography data, and the LVOT flow field model was constructed based on the time-volume curve of left ventricle. LVOT peak velocity was obtained to assess the agreement with echocardiography measurements. Area of LVOT, average velocity, flow rate and iso-surface area of vortex of different levels were obtained and compared between the two groups.Results:There was a good correlation between cardiac fluid model and echocardiographic measurement ( r=0.943, P<0.01). The Bland-Altman consistency interval was -75.0-111.3, and 92.5% of the points were within the consistency limit. Compared with non-SAM group patients, the peak velocity of LVOT increased, the area of LVOT decreased, the flow rate decreased and the area of vortex increased in SAM patients (all P<0.01). In the SAM group, in 16 patients the double orifice LVOT was observed due to the contact between mitral valve and septum, in 1 patient the single orifice LVOT structure was observed with contact between mitral value and septum, and in 7 patients, single orifice LVOT without contact between mitral value and septum. In SAM patients, compared with single orifice LVOT, patients with double orifice LVOT were observed with higher LVOT velocity, smaller LVOT area and higher vortex area with high level(all P<0.05). Conclusions:Accurate fluid models can be obtained using three-dimensional echocardiography with inverted grey values. In SAM patients, contact between mitral valve and septum leads to the formation of double orifice structure and the increase of vortex level in LVOT.

Objective:To implement PRECEDE-PROCEED based intervention in community patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and explore its effects on patients' diabetes knowledge and self-efficacy.Methods:Totally 86 T2DM patients treated in a community health service center in Hangzhou between May and October 2014 were selected using convenient sampling and divided into intervention group ( n=43) and control group ( n=43) . Patients in the intervention group received 6-month intervention based on PRECEDE-PROCEED, while patients in the control group received a regular community health education course once during the same period. The diabetes knowledge and self-efficacy scores were evaluated between the two groups before and 3 and 6 months after intervention. At last, a total of 40 patients in the intervention group and 42 patients in the control group completed the study. Results:Repeated measures analysis of variance showed that there were time-dependent, between-group and combined effects in diabetes knowledge and self-efficacy scores in the two groups ( P<0.05) . Pairwise comparison between the two groups revealed that there was no statistically significant difference in diabetes knowledge and self-efficacy scores between the two groups before intervention ( P>0.05) , but there were statistically significant differences in diabetes knowledge and self-efficacy scores between the two groups 3 and 6 months after intervention ( P<0.05) . Conclusions:The PRECEDE-PROCEED based intervention can effectively improve the diabetes knowledge and self-efficacy of T2DM patients, which is worth promoting in clinical practice.

Objective To investigate the relationship between subgroups of central lymph node metastasis (sCLNM) and lateral lymph node metastasis (LNM) of unilatal papillary thyroid carcinoma (uPTC) with cervical lymph node negative(cN0).Methods The clinical and pathological data of 161 patients with cN0-uPTC who underwent total thyroidectomy+central lymph node dissection+lateral lymph node dissection from Jan.2016 to Dec.2016 were retrospectively analyzed.The relationship between the lymph node metastasis of each subarea in the central area of the affected side and the lymph node metastasis of the affected side was investigated.Results Binary logistic regression analysis of cN0-uPTC subregions in the affected central region showed:pre-laryngeal lymph node metastasis,pre-tracheal lymph node metastasis and paratracheal lymph node metastasis were independent risk factors for lymph node metastasis in the affected lateral region(P=0.008,0.016,0.035,respectively).Prelaryngeal lymph node metastasis was an independent risk factor for lymph node metastasis in the affected area Ⅱ (P=0.015).Pre-tracheal lymph node metastasis was an independent risk factor for lymph node metastasis in affected area Ⅲ (P=0.004).Pre-tracheal and para-tracheal lymph node metastasis were independent risk factors for lymph node metastasis in the affected Ⅳ area (P=0.035,0.011,respectively).Conclusions The lymph node metastasis pathway of thyroid cancer had certain regularity.The pre-laryngeal lymph node metastasis has the prediction value for the lymph node metastasis of the affected area Ⅱ.The pre-tracheal lymph node metastasis has the prediction value for the lymph node metastasis of the affected area Ⅲ.The pre-tracheal and paratracheal lymph node metastasis have the prediction value for lymph node metastasis of the affected area Ⅳ.Lymph node dissection in affected areas Ⅲ and Ⅳ needs to be considered in patients with pre-tracheal or paratracheal lymph node metastases.On this basis,lymph node dissection on the affected areas Ⅱ,Ⅲ,and Ⅳ might be considered if there is pre-laryngeal lymph node metastasis at the same time.

Objective To study the antigen-specific immune response induced by the graphene oxide (GO) in mice.Methods OVA-loaded GO nano-immunocomplexes (GO-OVA) were prepared by co-incubation of nano GO with model antigen ovalbumin (OVA).Nano GO was characterized by atomic force microscopy and laser particle sizeanalyzer.The cytotoxicity of GO to mouse bone marrow dendritic cells (BMDCs) was detected by cell counting kit (CCK-8).The GO-OVA uptake of BMDCs were observed by fluorescent staining.C57BL/6 mice were divided into OVA group,aluminum adjuvant OVA (Al-OVA) group and GO-OVA group (6 mice in each group) by body weight for in vivo immunization.The levels of OVA-specific antibody IgG (total IgG,IgG1,and IgG2a) in serum of mice were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).The T lymphocyte subsets in spleen and inguinal lymph nodes of mice were detected by flow cytometry.Results The average particle size of the prepared nano GO was (294.34±4.68) nm,and the polydispersity coefficient was 0.208.Nano GO has less toxicity to mouse BMDCs.The results of in vitro experiments indicated that GO-OVA nanovaccine can be efficiently internalized by mouse BMDCs.The antigen-specific IgG antibodies induced by the GO-OVA was similar to that of aluminum adjuvant and the difference was not statistically significant (P＞0.05),and the Th1-type response was predominant.The proportions of CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes in the spleen and inguinal lymph nodes in GO-OVA group were significantly higher than those in OVA and Al-OVA groups,and the differences were statistically significant (all P＜0.05).Conclusions GO-OVA nano-immunocomplexes can induce both humoral and cellular immune responses in mice,which provides basis for the development of novel vaccine vectors and adjuvants.

Objective To study the maturation and activation effects of hyaluronic acid (HA) modified polymer nanoparticles co-delivering adjuvants and antigens on mouse bone marrow dendritic cells (BMDCs). Methods HA-modified polylactic acid-glycolic acid copolymer (PLGA) and cationic lipid DOTAP were used as nanocarriers (DOTAP-PLGA) to co-deliver adjuvant CpG with model antigen ovalbumin (OVA). In the drug-loaded nanocarriers, CpG was covalently bound to the surface of HA, and OVA was physically blended into DOTAP-PLGA nanocarriers. The nanoparticles were characterized by transmission electron microscopy and dynamic light scattering. The in vitro release of CpG and OVA in the nanoparticles was investigated. The uptake and distribution of nanoparticles in mouse BMDCs were studied by flow cytometry and laser scanning confocal microscopy. The maturation and cytokine expression of mouse BMDCs were evaluated by flow cytometry and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, respectively. Results The CpG-HA-OVA-PLGA nanoparticles loading CpG and OVA were prepared. The average particle size was (305.1±2.2) nm and the polydispersity index was 0.203. A core-shell structure of the nanoparticles modified by HA was clearly observed by transmission electron microscopy. Cellular experiment results showed that CpG-HA-OVA-PLGA nanoparticles could be efficiently uptaken by mouse BMDCs, and promote lysosomal release of CpG and cytoplasmic delivery of antigen OVA. Compared with free OVA group and free OVA+CpG group, the CpG-HA-OVA-PLGA nanoparticles significantly up-regulated the expression of co-stimulatory molecules CD86 and CD40 (all P<0.01), major histocompatibility complex I (MHC-I) (P<0.01), and cytokine tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) (P<0.01). Conclusions HA-modified CpG and OVA nanoparticle co-delivery vectors can effectively promote the maturation and activation of dendritic cells, which provides a basis for the development of novel vaccine vectors for the co-delivery of antigens and adjuvants.