Objective:To compare the effects of different reference brain regions on the semi-quantitative SUV ratio (SUVR) of 18F-Florzolotau PET images of Alzheimer′s disease (AD). Methods:The 18F-Florzolotau PET images of 28 (13 males, 15 females, age (57.3±9.5) years) normal controls (NC), 19 patients (4 males, 15 females, age (73.3±7.3) years) with β-amyloid (Aβ)-positive mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and 40 patients (19 males, 21 females, age (61.9±9.1) years) with AD were collected from Huashan Hospital, Fudan University between November 2018 and July 2020. Six semi-quantitative reference brain regions were defined, including whole cerebellum (WC), cerebellar gray matter (GM), cerebellar white matter (WM), parametric estimation of reference signal intensity (PERSI), WC after partial volume correction (WC_pvc), cerebellar GM after partial volume correction (GM_pvc). SUVR was calculated for 14 ROIs, which included the whole brain defined by the automated anatomical labeling (AAL) template, fusiform, inferior temporal, lingual, middle temporal, occipital, parahippocampal, parietal, posterior cingulate, precuneus defined by the AAL template, and Meta ROI composed of the above brain regions, and braak_Ⅰ-Ⅱ, braak_Ⅲ-Ⅳ, braak_Ⅴ-Ⅵ defined by the Desikan Killiany template. AUC was used to evaluate the classification ability of SUVR, and the correlation between SUVR and clinical scale scores were assessed by Spearman rank correlation analysis. Results:The SUVRs of most brain regions showed a steady upward trend in the AD disease spectrum. In the classification task of NC and MCI, the overall performance of SUVR based on WC_pvc was relatively optimal (AUCs: 0.975-1.000). In the classification task of NC and AD, SUVRs of 10 ROIs based on the WC_pvc method showed the relatively best performance (AUCs: 0.976-1.000). The correlation between SUVR of fusiform based on cerebellar WM and mini-mental state examination (MMSE) score was the strongest ( rs=-0.72, P<0.001), and the SUVR of precuneus based on WC_pvc showed the strongest correlation with clinical dementia rating (CDR) score ( rs=0.78, P<0.001). Conclusion:The SUVR based on WC_pvc method performs well in classification and correlation tasks, and is recommended to be used in semi-quantification of 18F-Florzolotau PET images of AD.

Objective:A voxel-level quantification method based on the tau IQ algorithm and Braak staging, excluding β-amyloid (Aβ) imaging, was developed to achieve specific tau quantification. Methods:This cross-sectional study included 92 subjects (35 males, 57 females; age (62.9±10.4) years) from the Nuclear Medicine/PET Center of Huashan Hospital, Fudan University between November 2018 and July 2020. The cohort comprised 28 cognitively normal (CN) individuals, 20 patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and 44 patients with Alzheimer′s disease (AD). All participants underwent 18F-florzolotau PET imaging, Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), and Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR) scoring. A longitudinal tau dataset was constructed based on Braak staging. Voxel-level logistic regression fitting provided a baseline matrix, decomposed via least squares to yield the Tau load coefficient. One-way analysis of variance (with post hoc Tukey) was used to compare Tau load and SUV ratio (SUVR) among groups. ROC curve analysis was used to evaluate classification between CN, MCI and AD. Spearman rank correlation was used to assess the relationships between Tau load, SUVR, and MMSE scores or CDR scores. Results:The Tau load in the CN group was close to 0 and significantly lower than that in the MCI and AD groups ( F=55.03, P<0.001; post hoc tests all P<0.001). Significant differences were also observed in the SUVR across all ROIs ( F values: 36.46-55.38, all P<0.001). Compared to SUVR, Tau load demonstrated greater intergroup differences. In ROC curve analyses between each pair of CN, MCI, and AD groups, Tau load consistently achieved the highest AUC (0.754-1.000). Both Tau load and SUVR for each ROI were negatively correlated with MMSE scores ( rs values: from -0.698 to -0.583, all P<0.05) and positively correlated with CDR scores ( rs values: 0.648-0.783, all P<0.05), with Tau load showing the highest absolute correlation coefficients. Conclusion:Compared to the traditional semi-quantitative SUVR method, the Braak-tau IQ algorithm does not require a specific reference brain region to achieve specific tau quantification.

Objective:To investigate the clinical efficacy and safety of ferric derisomaltose injection versus iron sucrose injection in the treatment of iron deficiency anemia (IDA) .Methods:A total of 120 patients with iron deficiency anemia admitted from June 2021 to March 2023 were given intravenous iron supplementation with ferric derisomaltose to assess the efficacy and safety of hemoglobin (HGB) elevation before and after treatment. Simultaneously, the clinical effects of iron supplementation with iron sucrose were compared to those of inpatient patients during the same period.Results:Baseline values were comparable in both groups. Within 12 weeks of treatment, the elevated HGB level in the ferric derisomaltose group was higher than that of the iron sucrose group, with a statistical difference at all time points, and the proportion of HGB increased over 20 g/L in the patients treated for 4 weeks was higher (98.7%, 75.9% ). During the treatment with ferric derisomaltose and iron sucrose, the proportion of mild adverse reactions in the ferric derisomaltose group was slightly lower than that of the iron sucrose group, and neither group experienced any serious adverse reactions. The patients responded well to the infusion treatment, with no reports of pain or pigmentation at the injection site.Conclusion:The treatment of IDA patients with ferric derisomaltose has a satisfactory curative effect, with the advantages of rapidity, accuracy, and safety. Therefore, it is worthy of widespread clinical use.

Objective Because of the poor prognosis of colon adenocarcinoma(COAD),it is necessary to screen prognosis-related genes in COAD patients and establish a new prognostic risk assessment model.Methods COAD-related data from the cancer genome atlas(TCGA)and gene expression omnibus(GEO)were used as training and validation sets,respectively.Weighted gene co-expression network analysis(WGCNA),a Cox regression model and least absolute selection and shrinkage operator(LASSO)regression analysis were used to screen prognosis-related genes of COAD and establish a prognostic model.A receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve was combined with a survival curve to verify the model accuracy,and a nomogram was constructed.Patients were divided into two groups by the median risk score.The immune cell proportion score(IPS)was used to evaluate the immunotherapy response of the two groups.Results A total of 15 feature genes were screened.The area under the ROC curve in the predictive model of COAD patients was＞0.6,and the survival rate of the high-risk group was significantly lower than that of the low-risk group(P＜0.05),suggesting a good distinguishing ability for high-and low-risk COAD patients.Patients in the low-risk group had a higher IPS(P=0.026),indicating a better response to immunotherapy.Conclusions The model developed for COAD in this study has a good ability to predict the survival of patients at high and low risk of COAD.

Presynaptic dopaminergic PET imaging is a useful method for the diagnosis of parkinsonism. Based on the expert consensus on operation and clinical application of dopamine transporter brain PET imaging technology published in 2020, this paper further recommends the relevant elements of result interpretation of presynaptic dopaminergic PET imaging.

Multi-centre clinical trials on PET/CT brain imaging are complex to organize and require careful co-ordination and management. This article describes considerations, which are necessary when designing and starting a multi-centre clinical trial on PET/CT brain imaging, based on guidelines and multi-center clinical brain imaging studies, providing references for further studies.

ObjectiveTo investigate the main clinical influencing factors for the rate of active immune response to hepatitis B vaccine in adult hepatitis B recipients after liver transplantation. MethodsAnalysis was performed for the clinical follow-up data of 15 hepatitis B recipients after liver transplantation who received hepatitis B vaccine in Peking University International Hospital from May 2019 to November 2020, and all patients received liver transplantation at least 3 years before and had a CD4 level of 300-800 cells/u before vaccination. Each dose of vaccination was 40 μg recombinant hepatitis B vaccine (Saccharomyces cerevisiae), with a total of 4 injections at 0, 1, 6, and 8 months. Anti-HBs ≥100 mIU/L after four injections which lasted for 12 weeks without attenuation was considered successful response. Pearson correlation analysis and Kendall correlation analysis were used to investigate the correlation between CD4 level before vaccination and vaccine response rate; a linear regression analysis was used to investigate whether CD4 level before vaccination could predict the titer of anti-HBs after active vaccine immunization; a logistic regression analysis was used to investigate whether CD4 level before vaccination could predict vaccine response. ResultsOf all patients at week 12 of monitoring, 6 patients had response, among whom 1 had an anti-HBs level of ＞1000 mIU/L and 5 had an anti-HBs level of ≥100 mIU/L, and the antibody titer did not attenuate till week 16; the response rate of hepatitis B vaccine was 40%. The 6 patients with response had a mean CD4 level of ≥592 cells/u before vaccination, while the 9 patients without response had a mean CD4 level of ≤500 cells/u before vaccination. CD4 level before vaccination was strongly correlated with the response rate of hepatitis B vaccine (Pearson correlation analysis: r=0.767, P=0.001; Kendall correlation: r=0.717, P=0.001). ConclusionCD4 level before vaccination is a key clinical factor affecting the response rate of hepatitis B vaccine after liver transplantation.

OBJECTIVETo study the clinical characteristics of patients with alcoholic liver disease (ALD).

METHODSThe records of the 302 Hospital of People's Liberation Army (Beijing, China) were searched to identify patients diagnosed with liver disease for retrospective analysis of ALD. Measurement data was summarized as mean +/- standard deviation and intergroup comparisons were made using ANOVA; count data was assessed using the chi-square test.

RESULTSAmong the total 4132 ALD cases, 97.68% were male and 2.32% were female; ages ranged from 18 to 95 years-old,with the average age being 48.11+/-10.58 years and the range of 40 to 60 years-old being the most frequently represented.Considering all patients with liver disease from 2003 to 2012,ALD cases increased over time (from 2.00% in 2003 to 5.05% in 2012). The overall ALD cases were represented by alcoholic cirrhosis (70.35%), alcoholic hepatitis (19.26%), alcoholic fatty liver (6.29%), and alcoholic liver failure (4.09%). Among the ALD patients between 40 and 60 years of age, 73.81% had cirrhosis,compared to 50.42% of ALD patients less than 40 years-old (P less than 0.001). Comparison of ALD cases in 5-year increments showed increasing trends in rates of alcoholic cirrhosis and alcoholic hepatic failure;moreover, there was an increasing annual trend in the percentage of alcoholic liver failure cases among the total cases of liver failure in our hospital.

CONCLUSIONFrom 2003 to 2012,our hospital admissions increased for patients with alcoholic liver disease, and the patients were primarily in the age range of 40-60 years-old. In general, incidences of alcoholic liver failure and cirrhosis increased in recent years, and cirrhosis has been common among the elderly patients with ALD.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Beijing ; Fatty Liver, Alcoholic ; epidemiology ; Female ; Hepatitis, Alcoholic ; epidemiology ; Humans ; Incidence ; Liver Cirrhosis ; epidemiology ; Liver Diseases, Alcoholic ; epidemiology ; Liver Failure ; epidemiology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Retrospective Studies ; Young Adult

Acute-On-Chronic Liver Failure ; Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor ; Hepatitis B ; Humans ; Injections, Subcutaneous

Objective To establish a method for the rapid detection of hepatitis E virus (HEV)from serum samples based on fluorescence quantitative PCR.Methods (1 )One-hundred HEV sequences including our country popular three major genotypes were obtained from the GeneBank with the Vector NTI software.The proper sequence was selected to design and synthesize the primers of the fluorescence quantitation and the Taqman probe.(2)The amplification region PCR fragment was transcribed in vitro to synthesize cRNA standard,at the same time the trace serum virus lysate was introduced into a universal real-time TaqMan PCR assay.(3)10 clinical serum samples were collected from the patients with clinical hepatitis E and detected by using the established method for further verifying this method.Results This detection technique could effectively detect the serum samples in the pa-tients with genotype I and genotype IV hepatitis E positive,while the serum detection in the patients with other virus infectious dis-eases had the negative results,which verified that this RT-PCR detection technique had higher specificity and good reliability.The detection results from 10 clinical serum samples further verified that this method was rapid,convenient and sensitive with good re-peatability.Conclusion A fluorescence quantitative RT-PCR detection technique suitable for detecting main genotypes of HEV in China population is established,which can meet the demand of early and rapid diagnosis for HEV.