Objective: To evaluate the performance of platelet efficacy score (PEscore) in predicting platelet transfusion efficacy in hematological patients. Methods: A total of 485 patients with hematological diseases, including 298 males (62.09±15.45 years) and 187 females (59.17±16.52 years) who received platelet transfusion from January 1, 2021 to December 31, 2024 were enrolled in this study. Clinical data of the patients such as diagnosis, gender, age, number of platelet transfusion, and platelet antibody data were analyzed to investigate the incidence and influencing factors of platelet transfusion refractoriness in hematological patients at our hospital. ROC curve was used to evaluate the performance of PEscore model in predicting platelet transfusion efficacy. The predictive performance of PEscore model was validated by calculating its sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy in 115 clinical cases. Results: The incidence of platelet transfusion refractoriness in 485 cases was 29.90% (145/485). Significant differences (P<0.05) were observed between the effective and ineffective platelet transfusion groups regarding the following factors: diagnosis: lymphoma [55.32% (26/47) vs 44.68% (21/47)], the number of previous platelet transfusions [≥25: 60.78% (31/51) vs 39.22% (20/51)], platelet antibody screening result [positive: 33.76% (53/157) vs 66.24% (104/157)], and platelet transfusion volume (×10 /L) [>6: 62.71% (74/118) vs 37.29% (44/118)]. The area under the ROC curve of PEscore was 0.876. The cut-off points and corresponding sensitivity and specificity were 19.90.59% and 69.44%, respectively. The results of clinical application showed that the sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of the PEscore model for predicting platelet transfusion were 87.50%, 93.41% and 92.17%, respectively. Conclusion: The incidence of platelet transfusion refractoriness in hematological patients is relatively high. PEscore prediction model has a good performance in predicting the effect of platelet transfusion, which can provide a reliable basis for predicting the effect of platelet transfusion in hematological patients before blood transfusion.

Objective To analyze the circuit-qi patterns during early embryonic period and at conception in congenital heart disease(CHD)patients based on the five-circuit and six-qi theory,and to explore the pathogenesis and etiology of CHD from a circuit-qi perspective.Methods With 16 400 non-CHD individuals as the healthy control group,a statistical analysis was performed for the circuit-qi patterns during early embryogenesis and at conception in 4 100 CHD patients(CHD group).Results The following factors were identified as significant predisposing factors for CHD:yearly circuit being excessive fire circuit during early embryogenesis,yearly qi being taiyang cold water of celestial qi combined with taiyin damp earth of terrestrial qi during early embryogenesis,yearly circuit being concurrent excessive fire circuit and earth circuit deficiency at conception,and yearly qi being taiyin damp earth of terrestrial qi paired with jueyin wind wood of celestial qi at conception(all P＜0.05 or P＜0.01).Conclusion There is a certain correlation between circuit-qi endowment during embryonic development and the prevalence of CHD.The core pathogenesis of CHD is rooted in heart-spleen insufficiency,with hyperactive heart-fire and cold kidney-water as its manifestations,and spleen deficiency failing in transportation serves as an important contributing factor in the development and progression of CHD.

Objective:To analyze the echocardiographic and genetic characteristics of fetuses with common arterial trunk（CAT）.Methods:A retrospective analysis was conducted on 77 480 fetal echocardiograms examined at the Maternal-Fetal Medicine center in Fetal Heart Disease of Beijing Anzhen Hospital from November 2010 to November 2024.Among them，106 fetuses were initially diagnosed with CAT，and 95 cases were ultimately confirmed（0.1%，95/77 480）. The echocardiographic and genetic features of CAT fetuses were analyzed. According to the modified Van Praagh classification，CAT was divided into types A1-A4［with ventricular septal defect（VSD）］and B1-B4（without VSD）based on the origin of the pulmonary artery branches and the presence or absence of a VSD. Additionally，CAT was categorized into isolated and complex types based on the presence of associated intracardiac or extracardiac anomalies.Results:① Among the 95 confirmed CAT fetuses，type A accounted for 90.5%（86/95），and type B accounted for 9.5%（9/95）. All 9 type B CAT fetuses exhibited no overriding of the arterial trunk ， with 8 cases showing left ventricular hypoplasia accompanied by mitral atresia or absence.② Of the 95 CAT fetuses，14 were isolated（14.7%，14/95） ， and 81 were complex（85.3%，81/95）.The main associated intracardiac anomalies included：single ventricle（22 cases），complete atrioventricular septal defect（12 cases），anomalous pulmonary venous drainage（10 cases），right aortic arch with mirror-image branching（16 cases），and persistent left superior vena cava（14 cases）. ③ Genetic testing was performed in 31 fetuses，with 18 showing positive results，primarily 22q11.21 deletion syndrome（29.0%，9/31）. Conclusions:Apart from VSD，the most common intracardiac anomaly associated with CAT fetuses is single ventricle. Type B CAT without trunk overriding is often associated with left ventricular hypoplasia and mitral atresia or absence. The most frequent genetic abnormality in CAT fetuses is 22q11.21 deletion syndrome. Prenatal echocardiography should clarify the CAT subtype and associated anomalies，and genetic testing is strongly recommended for perinatal counseling and prognostic evaluation.

Objective To investigate the value of serum α-hydroxybutyric dehydrogenase(α-HBDH),cysteine-rich protein 61(CYR61)and gasdermin D(GSDMD)level testing in patients with sepsis-combined cardiomyopathy for clinical diagnosis and prognostic assessment.Methods A total of 244 sepsis patients who underwent consultation and treatment in Baotou Central Hospital from May 2020 to December 2023 were selected as the study subjects,and were separated into a study group(combined cardiomyopathy,n=106)and a control group(uncombined cardiomyopathy,n=138)according to whether they were combined cardiomyopathy or not.The levels of α-HBDH,CYR61 and GSDMD were measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA)method.Pearson and Spearman methods were used to analyze the correlation of α-HBDH,CYR61,and GSDMD with systolic and diastolic blood pressure,left ventricular ejection fraction(LVEF)and acute physiology and chronic health evaluationⅡ(APACHE II)score.Multifactorial Logistic regression was used to analyze the factors affecting sepsis-combined cardiomyopathy.Receiver operator characteristic(ROC)curves were used to assess the diagnostic value of α-HBDH,CYR61 and GSDMD for sepsis-combined cardiomyopathy and their validity for prognostic prediction.Results Serum α-HBDH(278.35±18.89ng/ml vs 253.47±12.75ng/ml),CYR61(18.23±4.14mg/L vs 14.48±2.67mg/L)and GSDMD(12.39±3.28mg/L vs 9.46±2.17mg/L)levels were higher in the study group compared to the control group,and the differences were statistically significant(t=12.261,8.572,8.377,all P<0.05).The levels of α-HBDH(291.93±19.22ng/ml),CYR61(20.33±3.43mg/L)and GSDMD(14.01±3.09mg/L)were higher in the death patients compared to the survived patients(268.71±13.09ng/ml,16.74±2.88mg/L,11.24±2.55mg/L),and the differences were statistically significant(t=7.402,5.839,5.044,all P<0.05).Correlation analysis showed that α-HBDH,CYR61,and GSDMD were negatively correlated with systolic blood pressure,diastolic blood pressure and LVEF(r=-0.631～-0.422,all P<0.05),α-HBDH,CYR61,GSDMD were negatively correlated with APACHE II score(r=0.531,0.507,0.611,all P<0.05).Multifactorial Logistic regression analysis showed that systolic blood pressure,diastolic blood pressure,and LVEF were protective factors affecting sepsis-combined cardiomyopathy(Wald χ2=6.823,7.986,10.875,all P<0.05),and α-HBDH,CYR61,and GSDMD were risk factors affecting sepsis-combined cardiomyopathy(Wald χ2=9.376,6.849,7.435,all P<0.05).From the ROC curve analysis,it was known that the combined application of α-HBDH,CYR61,and GSDMD was more effective in the diagnosis of sepsis-combined cardiomyopathy(Z=2.369,2.454,2.573),the combined application of α-HBDH,CYR61,and GSDMD were superior for prognostic prediction in sepsis-combined cardiomyopathy(Z=2.352,2.468,2.581),and the differences were statistically significant(all P<0.05).Conclusion Serum α-HBDH,CYR61 and GSDMD levels are increased in patients with sepsis-combined cardiomyopathy,and they are correlated with prognosis.The combination of these three tests has a higher diagnostic value and prognostic value in sepsis combined cardiomyopathy.

Objective To investigate the value of serum α-hydroxybutyric dehydrogenase(α-HBDH),cysteine-rich protein 61(CYR61)and gasdermin D(GSDMD)level testing in patients with sepsis-combined cardiomyopathy for clinical diagnosis and prognostic assessment.Methods A total of 244 sepsis patients who underwent consultation and treatment in Baotou Central Hospital from May 2020 to December 2023 were selected as the study subjects,and were separated into a study group(combined cardiomyopathy,n=106)and a control group(uncombined cardiomyopathy,n=138)according to whether they were combined cardiomyopathy or not.The levels of α-HBDH,CYR61 and GSDMD were measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA)method.Pearson and Spearman methods were used to analyze the correlation of α-HBDH,CYR61,and GSDMD with systolic and diastolic blood pressure,left ventricular ejection fraction(LVEF)and acute physiology and chronic health evaluationⅡ(APACHE II)score.Multifactorial Logistic regression was used to analyze the factors affecting sepsis-combined cardiomyopathy.Receiver operator characteristic(ROC)curves were used to assess the diagnostic value of α-HBDH,CYR61 and GSDMD for sepsis-combined cardiomyopathy and their validity for prognostic prediction.Results Serum α-HBDH(278.35±18.89ng/ml vs 253.47±12.75ng/ml),CYR61(18.23±4.14mg/L vs 14.48±2.67mg/L)and GSDMD(12.39±3.28mg/L vs 9.46±2.17mg/L)levels were higher in the study group compared to the control group,and the differences were statistically significant(t=12.261,8.572,8.377,all P<0.05).The levels of α-HBDH(291.93±19.22ng/ml),CYR61(20.33±3.43mg/L)and GSDMD(14.01±3.09mg/L)were higher in the death patients compared to the survived patients(268.71±13.09ng/ml,16.74±2.88mg/L,11.24±2.55mg/L),and the differences were statistically significant(t=7.402,5.839,5.044,all P<0.05).Correlation analysis showed that α-HBDH,CYR61,and GSDMD were negatively correlated with systolic blood pressure,diastolic blood pressure and LVEF(r=-0.631～-0.422,all P<0.05),α-HBDH,CYR61,GSDMD were negatively correlated with APACHE II score(r=0.531,0.507,0.611,all P<0.05).Multifactorial Logistic regression analysis showed that systolic blood pressure,diastolic blood pressure,and LVEF were protective factors affecting sepsis-combined cardiomyopathy(Wald χ2=6.823,7.986,10.875,all P<0.05),and α-HBDH,CYR61,and GSDMD were risk factors affecting sepsis-combined cardiomyopathy(Wald χ2=9.376,6.849,7.435,all P<0.05).From the ROC curve analysis,it was known that the combined application of α-HBDH,CYR61,and GSDMD was more effective in the diagnosis of sepsis-combined cardiomyopathy(Z=2.369,2.454,2.573),the combined application of α-HBDH,CYR61,and GSDMD were superior for prognostic prediction in sepsis-combined cardiomyopathy(Z=2.352,2.468,2.581),and the differences were statistically significant(all P<0.05).Conclusion Serum α-HBDH,CYR61 and GSDMD levels are increased in patients with sepsis-combined cardiomyopathy,and they are correlated with prognosis.The combination of these three tests has a higher diagnostic value and prognostic value in sepsis combined cardiomyopathy.

Objective:To analyze the echocardiographic and genetic characteristics of fetuses with common arterial trunk（CAT）.Methods:A retrospective analysis was conducted on 77 480 fetal echocardiograms examined at the Maternal-Fetal Medicine center in Fetal Heart Disease of Beijing Anzhen Hospital from November 2010 to November 2024.Among them，106 fetuses were initially diagnosed with CAT，and 95 cases were ultimately confirmed（0.1%，95/77 480）. The echocardiographic and genetic features of CAT fetuses were analyzed. According to the modified Van Praagh classification，CAT was divided into types A1-A4［with ventricular septal defect（VSD）］and B1-B4（without VSD）based on the origin of the pulmonary artery branches and the presence or absence of a VSD. Additionally，CAT was categorized into isolated and complex types based on the presence of associated intracardiac or extracardiac anomalies.Results:① Among the 95 confirmed CAT fetuses，type A accounted for 90.5%（86/95），and type B accounted for 9.5%（9/95）. All 9 type B CAT fetuses exhibited no overriding of the arterial trunk ， with 8 cases showing left ventricular hypoplasia accompanied by mitral atresia or absence.② Of the 95 CAT fetuses，14 were isolated（14.7%，14/95） ， and 81 were complex（85.3%，81/95）.The main associated intracardiac anomalies included：single ventricle（22 cases），complete atrioventricular septal defect（12 cases），anomalous pulmonary venous drainage（10 cases），right aortic arch with mirror-image branching（16 cases），and persistent left superior vena cava（14 cases）. ③ Genetic testing was performed in 31 fetuses，with 18 showing positive results，primarily 22q11.21 deletion syndrome（29.0%，9/31）. Conclusions:Apart from VSD，the most common intracardiac anomaly associated with CAT fetuses is single ventricle. Type B CAT without trunk overriding is often associated with left ventricular hypoplasia and mitral atresia or absence. The most frequent genetic abnormality in CAT fetuses is 22q11.21 deletion syndrome. Prenatal echocardiography should clarify the CAT subtype and associated anomalies，and genetic testing is strongly recommended for perinatal counseling and prognostic evaluation.

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic inflammatory skin condition. Natural products have gained traction in AD treatment due to their accessibility, low toxicity, and favorable pharmacological properties. However, their application is primarily constrained by poor solubility, instability, and limited permeability. The transdermal drug delivery system (TDDS) offers potential solutions for transdermal delivery, enhanced penetration, improved efficacy, and reduced toxicity of natural drugs, aligning with the requirements of modern AD treatment. This review examines the application of hydrogels, microneedles (MNs), liposomes, nanoemulsions, and other TDDS-carrying natural products in AD treatment, with a primary focus on their effects on penetration and accumulation in the skin. The aim is to provide valuable insights into the treatment of AD and other dermatological conditions.
Animals ; Humans ; Administration, Cutaneous ; Biological Products/pharmacokinetics* ; Dermatitis, Atopic/drug therapy* ; Drug Delivery Systems ; Hydrogels/chemistry* ; Skin/metabolism* ; Skin Absorption

The application of pesticides(mostly insecticides and fungicides)during the tea-planting process will undoubtedly increase the dietary risk associated with drinking tea.Thus,it is necessary to ascertain whether pesticide residues in tea products exceed the maximum residue limits.However,the complex matrices present in tea samples comprise a major challenge in the analytical detection of pesticide residues.In this study,nine types of lateral flow immunochromatographic strips(LFICSs)were developed to detect the pesticides of interest(fenpropathrin,chlorpyrifos,imidacloprid,thiamethoxam,acet-amiprid,carbendazim,chlorothalonil,pyraclostrobin,and iprodione).To reduce the interference of tea substrates on the assay sensitivity,the pretreatment conditions for tea samples,including the extraction solvent,extraction time,and purification agent,were optimized for the simultaneous detection of these pesticides.The entire testing procedure(including pretreatment and detection)could be completed within 30 min.The detected results of authentic tea samples were confirmed by ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry(UPLC-MS/MS),which suggest that the LFICS coupled with sample rapid pretreatment can be used for on-site rapid screening of the target pesticide in tea products prior to their market release.

Objective To analyze the distribution of carbapenem-resistant strains and the transmission mode of resistance genes in the bacteria strains from urinary system of the individuals outside hospitals,and further explore the impacts of the antibiotics with different antibacterial mechanisms on the conjugation transfer of resistant plasmids.Methods The imipenem-resistant strains from 991 non-re-petitive urine samples of healthy individuals were screened for determining the carbapenem-resistance genotypes.Using the multilocus sequence typing(MLST)method,the main carbapenem-resistant strains were classified to determine the phylogenetic relationship be-tween different sequence types(STs)and reveal the transmission mode of resistance genes in the individuals outside hospitals.The conjugation experiment was used to analyze the effects of different sub-inhibitory concentrations of ampicillin,ciprofloxacin,and genta-micin on the conjugation efficiency of resistant plasmids in the bacteria of donor and/or recipient at different times.Results A total of 18 non-repetitive carbapenem-resistant strains(1.82％,18/991)were detected in healthy individuals outside hospitals,among which Escherichia coli(E.coli)(44.44％,8/18)was the main strain with main genotype being blaKPC-2(7/8).MLST showed that the 7 strains of E.coli with blaKPC-2 genotype belonged to ST-10,ST-101,ST-131,ST-405,ST-410,ST-1193,and ST-2562,respectively.Homologous clustering analysis showed that the type of the 7 E.coli strains exhibited high diversity.The range of joint efficiency was(1.59±0.20)× 10-4 to(4.01±1.31)× 10-4.The highest conjugation efficiency was observed in the donor bacteria treated with 1/8 of MIC of antibiotics for 9 hours,and the conjugation efficiency most significantly increased compared to the group without antibiotic treat-ment.Three antibiotics with different mechanisms of action could all improve conjugation efficiency,among which ampicillin exhibited the most significant improvement.Conclusion In this study,the genotype of carbapenem-resistant Escherichia coli(CREC)was mainly blaKPC-2 with a main mode of horizontal transmission.Antibiotics with sub-inhibitory concentrations could promote the conjugation transfer of the resistant plasmid.There may be significant differences in the effects of antibiotics with different mechanisms of action and different antibiotic stress conditions on the conjugation efficiency.

The functional health and stability of the oral and maxillofacial system is one of the basic goals of orth-odontic treatment.Currently,it is believed that,in general,the condyle is located in the center of the joint fossa when the mandible is in an intercuspal position(ICP)in healthy normal people.At this time,the function of the temporoman-dibular joint(TMJ)is stable.Due to orthodontic tooth movement and subsequent occlusal changes,patients with maloc-clusion may experience related remodeling of the temporomandibular joint,especially changes in the position of the con-dyle.The position of the mandibular condyle is traditionally evaluated using a condylar position indicator.However,this method lacks consistency in obtaining condylar position changes.In recent years,in the clinical application of orthodon-tic treatment,cone beam computed tomography(CBCT)has become the first choice for examination.CBCT can accurate-ly measure the interarticular space and determine changes in condylar position.This article reviews the CBCT assess-ment of condylar position and related research on condylar position changes in patients with malocclusion before and af-ter orthodontic treatment.The literature review results indicate that there are differences in the condylar position of pa-tients with different malocclusions,and the condylar position may also change before and after orthodontic treatment.With a lower radiation dose,CBCT has higher accuracy in evaluating the condylar position in patients with malocclu-sion who undergo orthodontic treatment,thus promoting further study of the mechanism of condylar position changes in patients with malocclusion in the future and providing more accurate and personalized guidance for patient treatment.