Abelmoschi Corolla is extensively applied in managing diabetic nephropathy (DN) and other renal conditions due to its diuretic and detoxifying properties. The primary bioactive constituents of Abelmoschi Corolla are flavonoids, including notably rutin, hyperoside, isoquercitrin, hibifolin, myricetin, quercetin 3-O-β-D-glucuronide, and quercetin. These flavonoid components can influence the pathological progression of DN via a multi-target synergistic mechanism, effectively reducing proteinuria levels. This review examines the roles of Abelmoschi Corolla and its flavonoid components in modulating the key pathological aspects of DN and their underlying mechanisms, and briefly discusses the metabolic patterns of its bioactive components and the research progress in combined medication, aiming to provide a forward-looking scientific foundation for further investigating the molecular mechanisms and clinical applications of Abelmoschi Corolla in DN treatment.

Objective To explore the solution of local water-fat separation swap artifacts(WFS-SA)on nasopharyngeal T1WI-itera-tive decomposition of water and fat with echo asymmetry and least-squares estimation(T1WI-IDEAL)enhanced examination images.Methods Thirty-seven patients with obvious WFS-SA on nasopharyngeal enhanced examination using the A group T1WI-IDEAL param-eters were collected.Scans with modified parameters B,C,and D groups were subsequently performed based on the A group parame-ters.Subjective ratings of image quality were conducted on the four image groups,and the image signal-to-noise ratio(SNR)of the posterior wall of the nasopharynx and medulla oblongata was quantified.The total number of artifact slices(TAS),total artifact area(TAA),and maximum single-slice artifact area(SSAAmax)of the WFS-SA in the four image groups were recorded.The consistency of image quality ratings between the two technologists was analyzed via the intraclass correlation coefficient(ICC),and one-way analysis of variance or rank-sum test was used to compare the SNR,TAS,TAA,and SSAAmax among the four image groups.Results The subjective rating for modified B,C,and D groups of T1WI-IDEAL images by two technologists was deemed satisfactory(ICC=0.721-0.928,P<0.001).Significant variations in image quality ratings were observed among the three groups(H=45.131,P<0.001),with ratings for C and D groups surpass-ing those for B group(P<0.001).The TAS,TAA,and SSAAmax exhibited a decreasing pattern on T1WI-IDEAL images across A,B,C,and D groups,with statistically significant variances observed among all groups(P<0.001).Moreover,the SNR of the medulla oblongata layer in D group displayed a notably higher value compared to A,B groups,with statistically significant distinctions(P<0.001).Conclusion By combining the reduction of the echo train length(ETL)to 2 with the implementation of a double shimming,the occurrence of WFS-SA on nasopharyngeal T1WI-IDEAL enhanced examination images can be minimized and the overall image quality can be enhanced.

Objective To explore the solution of local water-fat separation swap artifacts(WFS-SA)on nasopharyngeal T1WI-itera-tive decomposition of water and fat with echo asymmetry and least-squares estimation(T1WI-IDEAL)enhanced examination images.Methods Thirty-seven patients with obvious WFS-SA on nasopharyngeal enhanced examination using the A group T1WI-IDEAL param-eters were collected.Scans with modified parameters B,C,and D groups were subsequently performed based on the A group parame-ters.Subjective ratings of image quality were conducted on the four image groups,and the image signal-to-noise ratio(SNR)of the posterior wall of the nasopharynx and medulla oblongata was quantified.The total number of artifact slices(TAS),total artifact area(TAA),and maximum single-slice artifact area(SSAAmax)of the WFS-SA in the four image groups were recorded.The consistency of image quality ratings between the two technologists was analyzed via the intraclass correlation coefficient(ICC),and one-way analysis of variance or rank-sum test was used to compare the SNR,TAS,TAA,and SSAAmax among the four image groups.Results The subjective rating for modified B,C,and D groups of T1WI-IDEAL images by two technologists was deemed satisfactory(ICC=0.721-0.928,P<0.001).Significant variations in image quality ratings were observed among the three groups(H=45.131,P<0.001),with ratings for C and D groups surpass-ing those for B group(P<0.001).The TAS,TAA,and SSAAmax exhibited a decreasing pattern on T1WI-IDEAL images across A,B,C,and D groups,with statistically significant variances observed among all groups(P<0.001).Moreover,the SNR of the medulla oblongata layer in D group displayed a notably higher value compared to A,B groups,with statistically significant distinctions(P<0.001).Conclusion By combining the reduction of the echo train length(ETL)to 2 with the implementation of a double shimming,the occurrence of WFS-SA on nasopharyngeal T1WI-IDEAL enhanced examination images can be minimized and the overall image quality can be enhanced.

Objective To compare and analyze the application value of brain black blood technology three-dimensional BrainVIEW(3D-BrainVIEW)and conventional three-dimensional turbo field echo T1 weighted imaging(3D-TFE T1WI)in brain metastases of lung cancer.Methods A total of 60 patients with pathologically confirmed lung cancer were selected.All patients underwent brain enhanced MRI using 3D-BrainVIEW and 3D-TFE T1WI.The signal-to-noise ratio(SNR)and contrast-to-noise ratio(CNR)of the two groups were compared and analyzed,respectively.The diagnostic efficacy(including number,size,and location)of the two groups of images in detecting brain metastases was evaluated by two experienced radiologists via double-blind method.Results The diagnostic consistency between the two radiologists was excellent[intraclass correlation coefficient(ICC)=0.998,P<0.001].There were significant differences in SNR,CNR,and the number and location of brain metastases between 3D-BrainVIEW sequence and 3D-TFE T1WI sequence(P<0.05),and 3D-BrainVIEW sequence was significantly superior to 3D-TFE T1WI sequence.In addition,the number of brain metastases detected by 3D-Brain VIEW sequence was significantly higher than that detected by 3D-TFE T1WI sequence in lesions with minimum diameter(Dmin)<5 mm(P<0.001).There was no difference in the number of lesions detected by the two sequences in lesions with Dmin>5 mm(P>0.05).Conclusion The SNR and CNR of 3D-Brain VIEW enhanced scan images are significantly higher than those of 3D-TFE T1WI,which has higher detection efficiency for lung cancer brain metastases,and can effectively reduce misdiagnosis caused by microvascular enhance-ment,which has high clinical application value.

Objective:To investigate the predictive value of anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) on the outcome of microscopic testicular sperm extraction (micro-TESE) in patients with non-mosaic Klinefelter syndrome (KS) of the clinical data and to identify effective predictors for successful micro-TESE.Methods:A retrospective case-control study was conducted on the clinical data of 118 non-mosaic KS patients treated at the Center for Reproductive Medicine of the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University between May 2018 and September 2023. Patients were divided into two groups based on whether sperm were successfully retrieved via micro-TESE: the sperm retrieved group ( n=45) and the no sperm retrieved group ( n=73). Differences between the two groups were compared, and multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to identify factors influencing sperm retrieval. Changes in testicular volume and sex hormone levels before and after surgery were also assessed. Results:The sperm retrieval rate was 38.1% (45/118). Patients in the sperm retrieved group were significantly younger [(26.93±3.80) years] than those in the no sperm retrieved group [(28.27±3.92) years, P=0.029], and the AMH level was significantly higher [0.44 (0.18, 1.13) μg/L] than that in the no sperm retrieved group [0.10 (0.03, 0.22) μg/L, P<0.001]. AMH was identified as an independent predictor of micro-TESE outcome in non-mosaic KS patients ( OR=7.867, 95% CI: 2.727-27.242, P=0.001). The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.802 (95% CI: 0.722-0.883), and the optimal reference threshold for AMH was ≥0.265 μg/L. Postoperatively, testosterone levels decreased significantly by a median of 0.27 μg/L ( P=0.019), while luteinizing hormone levels increased by a median of 2.08 U/L ( P=0.049), with a more significant decline in testosterone levels observed in the no sperm retrieved group by a median of 0.29 μg/L ( P=0.022). Conclusion:AMH can predict successful micro-TESE in non-mosaic KS patients, with higher AMH levels indicating a higher likelihood of success.

Objective:To investigate the predictive value of anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) on the outcome of microscopic testicular sperm extraction (micro-TESE) in patients with non-mosaic Klinefelter syndrome (KS) of the clinical data and to identify effective predictors for successful micro-TESE.Methods:A retrospective case-control study was conducted on the clinical data of 118 non-mosaic KS patients treated at the Center for Reproductive Medicine of the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University between May 2018 and September 2023. Patients were divided into two groups based on whether sperm were successfully retrieved via micro-TESE: the sperm retrieved group ( n=45) and the no sperm retrieved group ( n=73). Differences between the two groups were compared, and multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to identify factors influencing sperm retrieval. Changes in testicular volume and sex hormone levels before and after surgery were also assessed. Results:The sperm retrieval rate was 38.1% (45/118). Patients in the sperm retrieved group were significantly younger [(26.93±3.80) years] than those in the no sperm retrieved group [(28.27±3.92) years, P=0.029], and the AMH level was significantly higher [0.44 (0.18, 1.13) μg/L] than that in the no sperm retrieved group [0.10 (0.03, 0.22) μg/L, P<0.001]. AMH was identified as an independent predictor of micro-TESE outcome in non-mosaic KS patients ( OR=7.867, 95% CI: 2.727-27.242, P=0.001). The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.802 (95% CI: 0.722-0.883), and the optimal reference threshold for AMH was ≥0.265 μg/L. Postoperatively, testosterone levels decreased significantly by a median of 0.27 μg/L ( P=0.019), while luteinizing hormone levels increased by a median of 2.08 U/L ( P=0.049), with a more significant decline in testosterone levels observed in the no sperm retrieved group by a median of 0.29 μg/L ( P=0.022). Conclusion:AMH can predict successful micro-TESE in non-mosaic KS patients, with higher AMH levels indicating a higher likelihood of success.

Objective To compare and analyze the application value of brain black blood technology three-dimensional BrainVIEW(3D-BrainVIEW)and conventional three-dimensional turbo field echo T1 weighted imaging(3D-TFE T1WI)in brain metastases of lung cancer.Methods A total of 60 patients with pathologically confirmed lung cancer were selected.All patients underwent brain enhanced MRI using 3D-BrainVIEW and 3D-TFE T1WI.The signal-to-noise ratio(SNR)and contrast-to-noise ratio(CNR)of the two groups were compared and analyzed,respectively.The diagnostic efficacy(including number,size,and location)of the two groups of images in detecting brain metastases was evaluated by two experienced radiologists via double-blind method.Results The diagnostic consistency between the two radiologists was excellent[intraclass correlation coefficient(ICC)=0.998,P<0.001].There were significant differences in SNR,CNR,and the number and location of brain metastases between 3D-BrainVIEW sequence and 3D-TFE T1WI sequence(P<0.05),and 3D-BrainVIEW sequence was significantly superior to 3D-TFE T1WI sequence.In addition,the number of brain metastases detected by 3D-Brain VIEW sequence was significantly higher than that detected by 3D-TFE T1WI sequence in lesions with minimum diameter(Dmin)<5 mm(P<0.001).There was no difference in the number of lesions detected by the two sequences in lesions with Dmin>5 mm(P>0.05).Conclusion The SNR and CNR of 3D-Brain VIEW enhanced scan images are significantly higher than those of 3D-TFE T1WI,which has higher detection efficiency for lung cancer brain metastases,and can effectively reduce misdiagnosis caused by microvascular enhance-ment,which has high clinical application value.

Objective: To understand the nutritional literacy level and associated factors of primary and secondary school students in Beijing, so as to provide a scientific basis for improving student nutrition. Methods: From October 2022 to May 2023, a multi stage cluster random sampling method was employed to select a total of 14 568 primary, junior and senior high school students from 16 districts (ecluding the Economic Technological Development area) in Beijing. Through a survey questionnaire on nutritional literacy and dietary hehavior of school age children, basic information as well as data on nutritional literacy levels across four dimensions:nutrition related knowledge concepts, food selection, food preparation, and food intake dimensions were obtained. The Wilcoxon rank sum test, Kruskal-Wallis test, Spearman correlation analysis, Chi square test and binary Logistic regression were used for the analysis. Results: The median total score of nutritional literacy among primary and secondary school students in Beijing was 68.8. Approximately 26.0% of primary and secondary school students achieved nutritional literacy standards. The median scores and rates of meeting the standards for nutrition related knowledge concepts, food selection, food preparation and food intake dimensions were 23.0, 42.1%; 17.0, 27.4%; 6.5, 33.5%; 23.0, 33.3%, respectively. There were positive correlations between all pairs of the four dimensions ( r=0.33-0.49, P <0.05). The results of multiple Logistic regression analysis showed that primary school students, junior high school students, female students, suburban students, caregivers with a college education level and a bachelor s degree or above were the positive arrelation factors that promoted the achievement of nutritional literacy standards ( OR =2.21, 1.39, 1.18, 1.27, 1.42, 1.66, P <0.05). Conclusion The literacy level of primary and secondary school students in Beijing needs to be significantly improved. School stage, gender, region and caregiver s education level are associated factors.

Objective: The relationship between adverse childhood experiences and methamphetamine use disorder (MUD) has been shown in previous studies; nevertheless, the underlying neural mechanisms remain elusive. Childhood trauma is associated with aberrant functional connectivity (FC) within the default-mode network (DMN). Furthermore, within the DMN, FC may contribute to impaired self-awareness in addiction, while cross-network FC is critical for relapse.We aimed to investigate whether childhood trauma was associated with DMN-related resting-state FC among healthy controls and patients with MUD and to examine whether DMN-related FC affected the effect of childhood trauma on the symptom load of MUD diagnosis. Methods: Twenty-seven male patients with MUD and 27 male healthy controls were enrolled and completed the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire. DMN-related resting-state FC was examined using functional magnetic resonance imaging. Results: There were 47.1% healthy controls and 66.7% MUD patients in this study with adverse childhood experiences.Negative correlations between adverse childhood experiences and within-DMN FC were observed in both healthy controls and MUD patients, while within-DMN FC was significantly altered in MUD patients. The detrimental effects of adverse childhood experiences on MUD patients may be attenuated through DMN-executive control networks (ECN) FC. Conclusion Adverse childhood experiences were negatively associated with within-DMN FC in MUD patients and healthy controls. However, DMN-ECN FC may attenuate the effects of childhood trauma on symptoms load of MUD.

Objective:To investigate the high risk factors,diagnostic accuracy of ultrasonography and pregnan-cy outcomes of umbilical cord wrapped around the neck for≥4 loops.Methods:The clinical data of 64 pregnant women with umbilical cord around the neck for≥4 loops(the group with umbilical cord around the neck≥4 loops)in Tongji Hospital,Tongji Medical College,Huazhong University of Science and Technology from January 2011 to February 2024 were retrospectively analyzed.At the same time,80 cases with umbilical cord around the neck for 1-2 loops(the group with umbilical cord around the neck 1-2 loops)were randomly selected as the controls.General information,clinical manifestations,ultrasound diagnosis and other data of the two groups were collected.The risk factors of umbilical cord around the neck≥4 loops and diagnostic accuracy of ultrasonography were ana-lyzed with univariate and multivariate Logistic regression analysis,and the pregnancy outcomes were compared between the two groups.Results:①The incidence of pregnancy,abortion,delivery and history of cesarean sec-tion were lower in the group with umbilical cord around the neck ≥4 loops than those in the group with umbilical cord around the neck 1-2 loops.The incidence of consciously abnormal fetal movement,abnormal umbilical ar-tery systolic/diastolic(S/D)ratio,abnormal fetal heart rate monitoring(NST)and fetal distress were higher in the group with umbilical cord around the neck≥4 loops than those in the group with umbilical cord around the neck 1-2 loops,and the differences were statistically significant(P＜0.05).②Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that polyhydramnios and excessively long cord were independent risk factors for umbilical cord around the neck≥4 loops(OR＞1,P＜0.05).③When the time between ultrasound diagnosis and the operation was 2 days,the consistency rate between ultrasound diagnosis of umbilical cord around the neck≥4 loops and intrao-perative diagnosis was the highest,and the difference was statistically significant with＞3 days(46.2％vs.6.30％,P＜0.05).Compared with umbilical cord around the neck 3 loops,ultrasound diagnosis of umbilical cord loops around the neck at 4 or 5 loops had a higher consistency rate with intraoperative diagnosis,and the differ-ence was statistically significant(P＜0.05).④The incidence of premature delivery,neonatal asphyxia and admis-sion to neonatology in the group with umbilical cord around the neck ≥4 loops were higher than those in the group with umbilical cord around the neck 1-2 loops,and the difference was statistically significant(P＜0.05);and the gestational week and birth weight of newborns were significantly lower(P＜0.05).Conclusions:Polyhydramnios and excessively long cord are high risk factors for umbilical cord around the neck≥4 loops.The closer the ultra-sound diagnosis is to the time before cesarean section and the more times the umbilical cord is around the neck in ultrasonic diagnosis,the higher the diagnostic accuracy.Fetal outcomes with umbilical cord around the neck≥4 loops are worse.