Oral lichen planus (OLP) is a chronic inflammatory disease occurring in the oral mucosa. Clinically, OLP presents with various lesion morphologies, attributed to differences in host immune responses. T-helper 17 cells (Th17) are a crucial component of the cellular immune response, primarily functioning through the secretion of interleukin 17 (IL-17). IL-17 plays a dual role in the oral mucosa: on one hand, it exerts a protective effect by promoting the recruitment of neutrophils driven by chemokines, enhancing the secretion of antimicrobial peptides, and strengthening the mucosal barrier; on the other hand, it binds to target cells in the mucosal tissue, activating downstream inflammatory signaling pathways such as nuclear factor kappa-B(NF-κB) and mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK), thereby initiating a pro-inflammatory cascade. This process increases the secretion of pro-inflammatory factors and promotes the recruitment and activation of immune cells, exacerbating inflammation. Current research extensively explores the correlation between the Th17/IL-17 axis and the pathogenesis and progression of OLP. This paper aims to review these developments to provide a research foundation for further elucidating the immunological mechanisms of OLP. Literature review results indicate that upregulation of Th17 and IL-17 in local lesion tissues and peripheral blood of OLP patients may be a key molecular event in the development of OLP. Compared to non-erosive OLP, higher expression levels of Th17 and IL-17 in the tissues and blood of patients with erosive OLP suggest a positive correlation between Th17/IL-17 and disease severity. Clinical studies demonstrate that targeted drugs against the Th17/IL-17 axis, by directly blocking IL-17 or inhibiting the production of Th17 cells, can effectively improve mucosal damage in OLP patients, showcasing potential as a new target for immune therapy. However, whether Th17 and IL-17 influence the pathogenesis of OLP by regulating the oral microbiome remains unclear. In summary, the Th17/IL-17 axis holds potential value as a new target for the immune therapy of OLP, warranting further in-depth research into its biological functions and signaling mechanisms within the inflammatory process of OLP.

ObjectiveTo investigate the regulatory effect and potential mechanisms of isocitrate dehydrogenase 3A （IDH3A） on cardiomyocyte hypertrophy. MethodsThe expression of IDH3A in the myocardium of healthy volunteers （n=10） and patients with heart failure （HF） （n=10）， and in the myocardium of mice subjected to transverse aortic constriction （TAC） surgery and sham operation， as well as in phenylephrine （PE）-induced neonatal rat ventricular cardiomyocytes （NRVCs）， was assessed by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction （RT-qPCR） and Western blot assay. The effect of adenovirus-mediated overexpression of IDH3A on the expression of hypertrophy-related genes in PE-induced NRVCs was also evaluated. The effect of IDH3A on NRVCs area was examined by phalloidin staining assay. A mutant of IDH3A with abolished enzymatic activity， IDH3A_D208A， was generated through site-directed mutagenesis. The impact of this IDH3A mutant on the hypertrophic phenotype， ATP and ROS levels in NRVCs was evaluated to investigate whether the regulatory role of IDH3A in cardiomyocyte hypertrophy was dependent on its enzymatic activity. The effect of exogenous α-ketoglutaric acid （AKG） on cardiomyocyte hypertrophy was also detected by Western blot and phalloidin staining assay， respectively. ResultsIDH3A was significantly decreased in the myocardium of HF patients， in the myocardium of TAC-operated mice， and in PE-induced NRVCs （P = 0.005 2，P = 0.026 6，P = 0.041 3 and P = 0.006 6， respectively）. Overexpression of IDH3A markedly suppressed the expression of hypertrophy-related genes and the increase of cell size of PE-induced NRVCs （P < 0.000 1， P = 0.000 1 and P = 0.000 2， respectively）. The ATP and ROS analysis indicated that IDH3A inhibited the increases of ATP and ROS levels in PE-induced NRVCs （P = 0.001 2 and P<0.000 1， respectively）， whereas the enzymatically inactive IDH3A mutant lacked this effect. Exogenous AKG provision could， but overexpression of IDH3A mutant failed to suppress PE-induced NRVCs hypertrophy. ConclusionIDH3A inhibits cardiomyocyte hypertrophy via elevating AKG level， providing scientific evidence for study on IDH3A-based treatment of cardiac hypertrophy.

Objective:To determine the relative correction factor of pre-vitamin D and simplify the calculation method of vitamin D assay.Methods:By studying the calculation method of vitamin D content in drug standards of various countries,HPLC was used to determine the relative correction factor of pre-vitamin D,and the influencing factors of determination were investigated.Results:The relative correction factors of pre-vitamin D at 254 nm and 265nm wavelength were determined by statistical analysis of 7 laboratories in China.Conclusion:Using the pre-vi-tamin D relative correction factor method to calculate the total amount of vitamin D simplified the experimental steps can be simplified by the pre-vitamin D relative correction factor method to calculate the total amount of vitamin D and the random operating errors can be avoided.The method is rapid and accurate,and lay a solid foundation for further improving the standard of vitamin D preparations.

Objective:To analyze the relationship between aquaporin 1 (AQP1) level and vascular calcification in patients with diabetes nephropathy.Methods:A total of 125 diabetic nephropathy patients admitted to Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University from March 2020 to March 2023 were retrospectively selected as case group. The case group was divided into group A (diabetes nephropathy stage Ⅰ and Ⅱ) with 31 cases, group B (diabetes nephropathy stage Ⅲ) with 32 cases, group C (diabetes nephropathy stage Ⅳ) with 39 cases, and group D (diabetes nephropathy stage V) with 23 cases. In these patients, 51 cases had vascular calcification, taken as the calcification group, and 74 cases had no vascular calcification, taken as the non calcification group. Sixty volunteers who underwent health examinations in the same hospital were selected as the control group. Receiver operating characteristic curve was used to analyze the predictive value of AQP1 on vascular calcification in diabetes nephropathy patients and to explore the related factors of vascular calcification in diabetes nephropathy patients.Results:Compared with the control group, AQP1 level and calcification rate in groups A, B, C and D were higher: 6.41 ± 1.04, 7.93 ± 1.23, 9.50 ± 1.52 and 11.37 ± 2.01 vs. 3.83 ± 0.56 ng/L, 6.45% (2/31), 28.13% (9/32), 51.28% (20/29) and 86.96% (20/23) vs. 0 ( P<0.05). Compared with group A, the level of AQP1 and calcification rate in groups B, C and D were higher ( P<0.05); compared with group B, the AQP1 level and calcification rate in groups C and D were higher ( P<0.05); compared with group C, the level of AQP1 and calcification rate in group D were higher ( P<0.05). Compared to the non calcification group, the levels of uric acid, homocysteine and cystatin C in calcification group were higher: (313.82 ± 38.72) μmol/L vs. (253.42 ± 30.14) μmol/L, (20.03 ± 3.01) μmol/L vs. (15.01 ± 2.71) μmol/L, (1.73 ± 0.26) mg/L vs. (1.30 ± 0.17) mg/L ( P<0.05). AQP1 was positively correlated with uric acid, homocysteine, and cystatin C ( P<0.05). The area under the curve of AQP1, uric acid, homocysteine and cystatin C in predicting vascular calcification in patients with diabetes nephropathy were 0.892, 0.803, 0.738 and 0.763, respectively. Taking whether vascular calcification occurs in patients with diabetes nephropathy as the dependent variable (no = 0, yes = 1), the variables of P<0.05 in the single factor analysis were selected for multivariate Logistic regression analysis. The results showed that uric acid, homocysteine, cystatin C and AQP1 were the main factors affecting vascular calcification in patients with diabetes nephropathy ( P<0.05). Conclusions:Serum AQP1 has a high predictive value for vascular calcification in diabetes nephropathy patients, and is expected to be used as a biomarker for early diagnosis of vascular calcification in diabetes nephropathy patients.

Objective:To investigate the relationship between thyroid autoimmunity and pregnancy outcome in patients with unexplained recurrent abortion.Methods:A retrospective cohort study of 354 patients with normal thyroid function with recurrent abortion of unknown cause admitted to Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University from January 2015 to June 2022 was used to detect thyroid antibody and thyroid function levels during pregnancy or early pregnancy. They were divided into TAI group ( n=144) and non-TAI group ( n=210) according to whether thyroid autoimmunity (TAI) was complicated or not. Tracking pregnancy outcomes. Results:Compared with the non-TAI group, the TAI group had a higher proportion of pregnancy outcomes resulting in miscarriage [42.4%(61/144) vs 27.1%(57/210), P=0.004]. In patients with unexplained recurrent abortion, TAI significantly increased the risk of spontaneous abortion [ OR(95% CI): 2.13(1.34, 3.41), P=0.001]. Positive TPOAb or TgAb also increased the risk of spontaneous abortion [ OR(95% CI): 2.18(1.37, 3.50), P=0.001; OR(95% CI): 2.33(1.31, 4.13), P=0.004]. TAI, TPOAb and TgAb had no significant interaction with age ( P=0.482, 0.724, 0.740). Conclusions:TAI is positively associated with the risk of spontaneous abortion in patients with unexplained recurrent abortion. TAI may be a potential risk factor for unexplained recurrent abortion, expanding the diagnosis and treatment of unexplained recurrent abortion.

Objective To describe the clinical characteristics of acute dichlorvos poisoning and analyzed the risk factors affecting patient prognosis,in order to provide important treatment guidance and theoretical reference for reducing the mortality of patients with acute dichlorvos poisoning.Methods A retrospective study method was conduct to collect the clinical data of patients admitted to the department of emergency of Fuyang People's Hospital from November 2019 to November 2023 and analyze the clinical poisoning characteristics.The patients were divided into death group and survival group according to the prognosis to compare the differences in the clinical characteristics of patients with different outcomes.This study conducted binary multifactor Logistic regression analysis of statistically significant indicators to select the independent risk factors affecting the prognosis of patients,and drew the receiver operator characteristic(ROC)curve to predict value of the risk factors on the prognosis.Results In 82 patients,22(26.83%)died,39(47.56%)developed capillary leak syndrome(CLS),31(37.80%)had acute respiratory failure,and 35(42.68%)had shock.Compared with the survival group,patients in the death group were older(years:57.73±17.67 vs.44.25±13.74),the proportion of gastric lavage,cholinesterase activity,Glasgow coma scale(GCS),albumin,pH value were all significantly decreased[proportion of gastric lavage:81.82%(18/22)vs.100.00%(60/60),cholinesterase activity(U/L):235.96(200.00,401.67)vs.450.00(240.26,739.25),GCS scores:4.00(3.00,6.00)vs.12.00(4.00,15.00),albumin(g/L):39.35±12.02 vs.45.21±4.51,pH value:7.14(7.04,7.26)vs.7.38(7.28,7.40)],dichlorvos concentration,dipterex concentration,sequential organ failure assessment(SOFA),acute physiology and chronic health evaluationⅡ(APACHEⅡ),alanine transaminase(ALT),blood urea nitrogen(BUN),serum creatinine(SCr),MB isoenzyme of creatine kinase(CK-MB),blood lactate acid(Lac),and concurrent acute respiratory failure,shock,CLS ratio were significantly increased[dichlorvos concentration(μg/L):271.00(49.25,908.25)vs.64.00(16.75,211.00),dipterex concentration(μg/L):1 337.50(397.25,3 614.00)vs.494.00(71.00,1 679.80),SOFA score:12.50(9.00,15.50)vs.2.00(0.00,6.75),APACHEⅡscore:28.50(23.00,32.50)vs.6.50(2.25,19.00),ALT(U/L):40.40(17.28,66.33)vs.19.65(13.70,34.68),BUN(mmol/L):6.30±2.78 vs.5.05±1.48,SCr(μmol/L):87.59±39.67 vs.58.87±14.85,CK-MB(U/L):164.80(86.13,284.85)vs.116.05(81.65,160.60),Lac(mmol/L):3.00(1.68,9.15)vs.1.20(1.00,2.40),the proportion of concurrent acute respiratory failure:95.45%(21/22)vs.33.33%(20/60),proportion of concurrent shock:100.00%(22/22)vs.21.67%(13/60),proportion of concurrent CLS:95.45%(21/22)vs.30.00%(18/60)],the differences were statistically significant(all P<0.05).The binary multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that age,SOFA score,and CLS were independent risk factors affecting the prognosis of dichlorvos poisoning[age:odds ratio(OR)=1.090,95%credibility interval(95%CI)was 1.019-1.167;SOFA score:OR=1.454,95%CI was 1.159-1.825;CLS:OR=122.473,95%CI was 7.954-1 885.787,all P<0.05].The ROC curve analysis shows that the age,SOFA score and CLS had a certain predictive value for the prognosis of patients with acute dichlorvos poisoning[area under the curve(AUC)were 0.752,0.864,0.827,95%CI were 0.622-0.881,0.767-0.960,0.735-0.919,the Youden index were 0.453,0.681,0.655,sensitivity were 63.6%,86.4%,95.5%,specific features were 81.7%,81.6%,70.0%,all P<0.05].Conclusions Age,SOFA score,and CLS are independent risk factors affecting the prognosis of patients with acute dichlorvos poisoning.In particular,CLS is the most important risk factor affecting the prognosis of patients.When managing acute dichlorvos poisoning,it is crucial to closely monitor the occurrence of CLS and administer prompt,proactive treatment.

BACKGROUND:Currently,electrospun nanofibers,which are biomimetic materials of natural extracellular matrix and contain a three-dimensional network of interconnected pores,have been successfully used as scaffolds for various tissue regeneration,but are still faced with the challenge of extending the biomaterials into three-dimensional structures to reproduce the physiological,chemical as well as mechanical properties of the tissue microenvironment. OBJECTIVE:To summarize the process and principles of electrostatic spinning and to explore the applications of the resulting electrospun nanofibers in tissue regeneration of skin,blood vessels,nerves,bone,cartilage and tendons/ligaments. METHODS:With"electrospinning,electrospun nanofibers,electrospun nanofiber scaffolds,tissue regeneration"as the Chinese and English search terms,Google Academic Database,PubMed,and CNKI were searched,and finally 88 articles were included for review. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)The electrospun nanofibers are a natural fibrous extracellular matrix mimetic material and contain a three-dimensional network of interconnected pores that have been successfully used as scaffolds for a variety of tissue regeneration applications.(2)Several papers have described the great potential of electrospun nanofiber scaffolds applied to the regeneration of skin,blood vessels,nerves,bones,cartilage and tendons/ligaments,providing a solid theoretical basis for its final application in clinical disease treatment,or for its transformation into practical products to enter the market.(3)However,the current research results are mostly based on cell experimental research results in vitro,and whether it can be finally applied to human body still needs clinical verification.(4)At present,many kinds of electrospun products for various clinical needs have been commercialized in and outside China,indicating that the research field of electrospun nanofiber scaffolds for soft and hard tissue regeneration has great research value and application potential.

Objective:To investigate the efficacy of an extracorporeal diaphragm pacemaker (EDP) combined with airway clearance technology (ACT) in the treatment of pulmonary infection in older adult patients with dementia and its impact on diaphragmatic mobility and thickness.Methods:A total of 60 patients with dementia and pulmonary infections who received treatment at The Second Hospital of Jinhua from June 2022 to February 2023 were included in this prospective study. These patients were randomly divided into an observation group and a control group, with 30 patients in each group. The control group received ACT treatment, while the observation group received EDP treatment on the basis of ACT treatment. Two groups were treated for 4 successive weeks. Efficacy was compared between the two groups. Before and after treatment, sputum color score, sputum quality score, diaphragmatic mobility, and diaphragmatic thickness were compared between the two groups.Results:The overall response rate in the observation group was 93.33% (28/30), which was significantly higher than 73.33% (22/30) in the control group ( Z = 2.08, P = 0.038). After treatment, the sputum color score, sputum quality score, and sputum volume in the observation group were (0.46 ± 0.12) points, (0.34 ± 0.10) points, and (8.47 ± 1.23) mL, respectively, which were significantly lower than (0.89 ± 0.17) points, (0.76 ± 0.18) points, and (13.25 ± 2.87) mL, respectively, in the control group ( t = 11.32, 11.17, 8.38, all P < 0.001). After treatment, the diaphragmatic mobility and thickness in the observation group were (13.52 ± 0.51) mm and (0.52 ± 0.06) mm, respectively, which were significantly greater than (12.76 ± 0.41) mm and (0.44 ± 0.04) mm, respectively, in the control group ( t = -6.36, -6.08, both P < 0.001). Conclusion:The combined application of EDP and ACT shows a significant therapeutic effect on patients with dementia and pulmonary infection, effectively improving their pulmonary function, increasing the mobility and thickness of the diaphragm, and alleviating difficulties in breathing.

Objective To overcome the limitations of existing human respiratory syncytial virus(hRSV)animal models,such as semi-permissiveness and short duration of infection,this study established an IL2rg gene knockout(IL2rg-/-)rat model using TALEN gene editing technology.Methods The animal model was infected with hRSV intranasally.Clinical characteristics,body weight,and temperature changes were observed over the infection period(0～35 days).The total viral loads in respiratory organs,such as the nasal tissue,trachea,and lungs,were measured at various time points(4,11,20,and 35 days post-infection).Pathological analysis was conducted on target organs at the endpoint of observation(35 days post-infection).Changes in peripheral blood T,B,NK,and NKT cells and various cytokines were assessed at various time points(4,20,and 35 days post-infection).Results(1)IL2rg/-knockout rats sustained high viral loads in the nasal cavity upon intranasal inoculation with hRSV.The average peak titer rapidly reached 1 × 1010 copies/g in nasal tissue and 1 × 107 copies/g up to 5 weeks post-infection.(2)However,no significant pathological changes were noted in nasal,tracheal,or lung tissues.(3)An increase was observed in the content of peripheral blood B cells in hRSV-infected IL2rg--rats.(4)IL-6 and MCP-1 were increased in the early stage of infection and then decreased at the end of the observation period.Conclusions This study established a new IL2rg-/-rat model using TALEN technology and found that this model effectively supported high-level replication and long-term infection of hRSV,providing a good basis for antiviral drug screening and in vivo efficacy evaluation of anti-hRSV antibodies.

OBJECTIVE To establish HPLC methods with different separation principles to analyze the relevant impurities in the APIs of bivalirudin from seven enterprises, to provide a basis for the comprehensive control of related substances of bivalirudin. METHODS Reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography(RP-HPLC) was used to separate and analyze 11 kinds of impurities. Hydrophilic chromatography(HILIC)-HPLC was used to control four process impurities. Polymers were determined by size exclusion chromatography(SEC)-HPLC. RESULTS The established RP-HPLC could effectively separate the principal component and 11 impurities, the correction factors of 11 impurities were between 0.8−1.2, the detection concentration of bivalirudin was 0.1 μg·mL−1, and the detection limit was 0.004%. The established HILIC-HPLC could effectively separate the principal components and four process impurities, and the detection concentration of bivalirudin was 0.3 μg·mL−1, and the detection limit was 0.01%. Under SEC-HPLC conditions, the polymer and bivalirudin peaked sequentially, the resolution of the two was 2.9, the detection concentration of bivalirudin was 6 ng·mL−1, and the detection limit was 0.000 6%. Fifteen kinds of known impurities and polymers in 15 batches of samples from 7 enterprises were calculated by the self-control method of principal components, and the impurity contents from different enterprises had a certain correlation with their production processes. CONCLUSION The three different principles of the method have good specificity, high sensitivity, good durability, and reliable results, and can be used for quality control of substances related to bivalirudin.