Objective To investigate the role and possible mechanism of celastrol(Cel)in sodium oxalate(NaOx)-induced acute kidney injury(AKI)and crystal deposition in the kidney tissues in mice.Methods Male C57BL/6 mice(aged 8～12 weeks,weighing 22～24 g)were randomly divided into 3 groups.Saline group(control group,intraperitoneal injection with normal saline and drinking water freely),NaOx group(injured group,intraperitoneal injection of 75 mg/kg NaOx,and drinking water containing 50 μmol/L NaOx),and NaOx+Cel group(treatment group,intraperitoneal injection of 1 mg/kg Cel firstly and then 75 mg/kg NaOx in 24 h later,drinking water containing 50 μmol/L NaOx).All specimens were collected in 24 h after NaOx injection.HK-2 cells were randomly divided into 4 groups:Medium group(no treatment),NaOx group(500 μmol/L NaOx),NaOx+Cel group(400 nmol/L Cel pre-treatment for 2 h followed by 500 μmol/L NaOx treatment),and NaOx+Cel+BA group[8 μmol/L betulinic acid(BA,NF-κB agonist)after the interventions as the NaOx+Cel group].Cells of each group were collected in 24 h after corresponding treatments.Von Koosa and cell adhesion assays were used to observe crystal deposition.HE staining was employed to observe renal histopathology and score the damage.CCK-8 assay was utilized to detect cell viability to obtain the optimal concentrations of NaOx and Cel.Serum urea and creatinine levels were detected.Immunohisotochemical assay was conducted to detect the expression of OPN,CD44,KIM-1,NGAL,p65,IL-1β,BAX,and Caspase-3,and Western blotting was performed for protein levels of OPN,CD44,KIM-1,p65,P-p65 and IL-1β.Results The mice in the NaOx+Cel group showed reduced crystal deposition(P<0.0001),attenuated renal tubular damage(P<0.01),decreased serum urea and creatinine levels(P<0.05),and declined expression levels of the renal adhesion molecules OPN and CD44,the kidney injury molecules KIM-1 and NGAL,the inflammation-associated molecules p65 and IL-1β,and the apoptosis related molecules BAX and Caspase-3 when compared with the NaOx group(P<0.05).In in vitro study,the NaOx+Cel group showed reduced crystal adhesion(P<0.0001),decreased expression of the adhesion molecules OPN and CD44(P<0.05),down-regulation of the inflammatory molecule IL-1β and P-p65/p65 ratio(P<0.05),and down-regulation of the renal injury molecule KIM-1(P<0.05)when compared with the NaOx group.In the NaOx+Cel+BA group,crystal adhesion was significantly increased(P<0.0001),the inflammatory molecule IL-1β and the ratio of P-p65/p65 were increased(P<0.05),and the kidney injury molecule KIM-1 was increased when compared with the NaOx+Cel group(P<0.05).Conclusion Cel may reduce NaOx-induced crystal deposition and AKI by inhibiting NF-κB activation.

Objective To analyze the predictive value of serum levels of procalcitonin(PCT)and cytokines on the prognosis of patients with COVID-19 at admission.Methods From November 2022 to February 2023,patients diagnosed with COVID-19 who were admitted to Beijing Chest Hospital were enrolled.Chemiluminescence was used to detect serum PCT levels,and flow microsphere array was used to detect serum cytokines IL-1β,IL-2,IL-4,IL-5,IL-6,IL-8,IL-10,IL-12p70,IL-17A,IL-17F,IL-22,TNF-α,TNF-β,IFN-γ level.ICU admission,mechanical ventilation and in-hospital death were defined as poor prognosis.After excluding patients with bacterial infection,the relationship between serum PCT and cytokine levels at admission and the prognosis of COVID-19 patients was analyzed.After excluding patients with bacterial infection,the relationship between serum PCT and cytokine levels at admission and the prognosis of COVID-19 patients was analyzed.Results A total of 176 patients with complete data were included,including 134 in the PCT-normal group and 42 in the PCT-elevated group,with a median age of 71.50 years and 71.59%males.Patients in the PCT elevated-group had significantly higher rates of ICU admission(38.41%vs.13.11%,P<0.05),mechanical ventilation(76.92%vs.24.59%,P<0.001)and in-hospital mortality(38.46%vs.6.56%,P<0.001)were significantly higher than those in the PCT-normal group.Serum levels of cytokines IL-6(7.40 pg/mL vs.4.78 pg/mL,P = 0.033 4)and IL-8(10.97 pg/mL vs.5.92 pg/mL,P<0.001)were significantly higher in patients with poor prognosis than in those with good prognosis.The area under the curve for PCT,IL-6,and IL-8 to predict poor prognosis in COVID-19 patients was 0.687,0.660,and 0.746,respectively;sensitivity was 52.78%,55.17%,and 72.41%,respectively;and specificity was 81.58%,74.19%,and 74.19%,respectively,as calculated from the ROC curve.When PCT,IL-6 and IL-8 jointly predict the prognosis of COVID-19 patients,the area under the curve is 0.764,the sensitivity is 70.00%,and the specificity is 80.00%.Conclusion Serum PCT and cytokines IL-6 and IL-8 could be used as predictive markers for poor prognosis in patients with COVID-19.

The small G-protein Rac1 is the main regulatory factor of the actin cytoskeleton. Rac1 cycles between the inactive GDP-bound form and the active GTP-bound form. Rac1 not only promotes viral replication and infection, but also regulates the actin cytoskeleton rearrangement, adhesion, and invasion of glioma cells. In addition, Rac1 is implicated in human diseases such as tumors and epilepsy. This article reviews the latest research on the small G-protein Rac1 in virology, cell biology, and human pathology. It is found that the existence of Rac1 is closely related to the replication and infection of viruses, that is, inhibiting the existence of Rac1 can effectively reduce the replication and transportation of viruses, providing new ideas for the development of various therapeutic drugs targeting Rac1.
Humans ; rac1 GTP-Binding Protein/genetics* ; Virus Replication ; Glioma/pathology* ; Actin Cytoskeleton/metabolism* ; Animals

Objective:To scientifically measure and morphologically evaluate the anatomical shape of the skin in the first web space based on cadavers, and to guide the design of flap in this area.Methods:Sixteen human cadavers fixed with 10% formaldehyde without injury or deformity on the hand were selected in the Department of Hand Surgery, the Third Hospital of Suqian. According to the characteristics of the first web area, marker points were selected for measurement and morphological observation. Morphological characteristics of the first web with thumb radial abduction(r) or palmar abduction(p) were measured and compared. The t-test was used for statistical analysis. P<0.05 was considered statistically significant. According to the results of measurement, standardised shapes and parameters of the skin were obtained for flap repair of defect of the first web. Results:When the thumb was in palmar abduction, the maximum distance [a(p)] of the first web of female(F) and male(M) was 5.78/8.42 cm(F/M), and the skin [S(p)] was 17.09/23.63 cm 2(F/M), both were significantly greater than the distance [a(r)] at 4.86/6.28 cm and the area of skin area [S(r)] at 14.39/20.15 cm 2 when thumb was in the radial abduction position( P<0.05). There was no significant difference in the length of [b(r)] and [b(p)] alone the long axis of flap between palmar and radial abductions(7.54/9.38 cm and 7.34/9.74 cm, respectively) of the thumb( P>0.05). It was found that the area of first web was not shaped as a symmetrical spindle, but an irregular quadrilateral inclined to the index finger. Conclusion:Design and measurement of a flap for the first web space should take the maximum palmar abduction of a thumb as a reference. The asymmetric quadrilateral flap design is more in line with the anatomical and characteristics in the region.

Objective:To investigate the clinical effect of the relaying perforator flap for repairing the donor site of the anterolateral thigh flap.Methods:From March 2019 to June 2020, 28 consecutive patients who underwent anterolateral thigh free flap reconstruction for limb soft tissue defects were retrospectively reviewed. A relaying perforator flap was selected from one of the four areas adjacent to the donor site of the anterolateral thigh flap for covering the donor site of the anterolateral thigh flap. The secondary donor site was closed directly. The followed-up contents included the appearance and texture of the flaps. The postoperative followed-up was performed through outpatient visits, telephone, and WeChat interviews.Results:A total of 28 patients were included, with an average age of 37.3 (ranging from 15 to 65). The relaying perforator flap was selected from the anteromedial thigh region ( n=13), the proximal anterolateral thigh region( n=6), the distal anterolateral thigh region ( n=5), and the ilioinguinal region ( n=4). The size of the anterolateral thigh flap ranged from 12.0 cm×10.0 cm to 20.0 cm×13.0 cm, and the size of the relaying perforator flap ranged from 6.0 cm×5.0 cm to 11.0 cm×7.5 cm. The followed-up time ranged from 1 to 6 months (mean 4.8 months). The color, texture, and contour of the flaps were good. Only one linear scar is left in the donor site. Two cases with small necrosis (1.0 cm×2.0 cm and 1.5 cm×1.5 cm, respectively) were found in the distal edge of relaying perforator flaps. Conclusions:The relaying perforator flap is considered as an optimized and reliable method for repairing the donor site of an anterolateral thigh flap and should be recommended.

The pharmacy of Y anqing Winter （Paralympic）Olympic Village Polyclinic of 2022 Beijing Winter （Paralympic） Olympic Games will be comprehensively managed from five aspects of man ，machine，material，method and environment by adopting the 4M1E management method of quality management tool . In terms of man ，constantly enhanced training and daily health monitoring have been insisted ；in terms of machine ，drug information entry and drug information management have been improved and maintained ；in terms of drugs ，on the basis of drug management ，the management of drugs banned by the World Anti -Doping Agency，class Ⅱ psychotropic drugs and narcotic drugs have been strengthened ；in terms of regulations and environment ，strict pharmacy workflow and management system have been established ，and epidemic prevention closed -loop management requirements have been strictly implemented . From the pre -opening of Yanqing Winter （Paralympic）Olympic Village on January 23，2022 to the official closing of the Village on March 16，2022，the clinic pharmacy dispensed a total of 156 prescriptions（105 prescriptions during the Winter Olympic Games ，51 prescriptions during the Winter Paralympic Games ），including 18 prescriptions from the National （Regional） Olympic Committee and the National （Regional） Paralympic Games team doctors ，2 prescriptions containing stimulants that do not need to be exempted from treatment，1 prescription for narcotics ，and 37 prescriptions for athletes（23.7%）. Ibuprofen tablets ，Diclofenac diethylamine emulsion，Loratadine tablets and other drugs are widely used . The application of 4M1E management method enables the clinic pharmacy to provide perfect and high -quality pharmaceutical services for large -scale events while doing well in epidemic prevention and control .

Objective:To investigate the clinical effect of the relaying perforator flap for repairing the donor site of the anterolateral thigh flap.Methods:From March 2019 to June 2020, 28 consecutive patients who underwent anterolateral thigh free flap reconstruction for limb soft tissue defects were retrospectively reviewed. A relaying perforator flap was selected from one of the four areas adjacent to the donor site of the anterolateral thigh flap for covering the donor site of the anterolateral thigh flap. The secondary donor site was closed directly. The followed-up contents included the appearance and texture of the flaps. The postoperative followed-up was performed through outpatient visits, telephone, and WeChat interviews.Results:A total of 28 patients were included, with an average age of 37.3 (ranging from 15 to 65). The relaying perforator flap was selected from the anteromedial thigh region ( n=13), the proximal anterolateral thigh region( n=6), the distal anterolateral thigh region ( n=5), and the ilioinguinal region ( n=4). The size of the anterolateral thigh flap ranged from 12.0 cm×10.0 cm to 20.0 cm×13.0 cm, and the size of the relaying perforator flap ranged from 6.0 cm×5.0 cm to 11.0 cm×7.5 cm. The followed-up time ranged from 1 to 6 months (mean 4.8 months). The color, texture, and contour of the flaps were good. Only one linear scar is left in the donor site. Two cases with small necrosis (1.0 cm×2.0 cm and 1.5 cm×1.5 cm, respectively) were found in the distal edge of relaying perforator flaps. Conclusions:The relaying perforator flap is considered as an optimized and reliable method for repairing the donor site of an anterolateral thigh flap and should be recommended.

Objective:To evaluate the clinical effect of the modified transfer of the proximal interphalangeal joint (PIPJ) from the second toe in the treatment of a finger PIPJ defect.Methods:A total of 13 patients with finger PIPJ defects caused by traumatic injury were enrolled from May, 2017 to March, 2020. All the PIPJ defects had primary traumatic repairs. The causes of injury: 5 patients were caused by strangulation, 4 by chainsaw, 2 by strangulation and 2 by crushing. Of which, 7 patients had index finger injury, 3 middle fingers and 3 ring fingers. The operations were carried out 3-7 months after the first stage of treatment. The grafting of the PIPJ of the second toe with modified vascular anastomosis were performed. The ipsilateral second toe was taken in 10 patients, and the contralateral second toe in 3 patients. The grafted joints all carried observation skin islands, with an area of 1.0 cm×1.5 cm-1.0 cm×2.0 cm. All the secondary bone defects in the donor site of the toe were reconstructed with iliac bone grafts, and the length of the iliac bone strips was 4.0-6.0 cm. At the same time, the island flap on the fibular side of the great toe was removed and repaired at the donor site, with an area of 1.1 cm×1.6 cm - 1.1 cm×2.1 cm. Early postoperative rehabilitation was performed. The patients were followed-up through outpatient visits, telephone and WeChat interviews.Results:All the 13 finger PIPJ and donor site island flaps survived. Bone healing were observed in all patients with the healing time in 8-12(average 10) weeks. Three patients with severe adhesion of joint and tendon were treated with secondary release. All the patients were followed-up for 10 - 18 months without degeneration of PIPJ. Active range of motion of PIPJ ranged: 45°-90° in flexion and 0°-10° in extension, the average motion activity was 66.3°. Seven patients were in excellent, 4 in good and 2 in fair, according to the function assessment proposed by the Society of Hand Surgery of Chinese Medical Association. The appearance on donor site was good and the walking was normal in the longterm follow-up. Only one linear scar was left in the ilioinguinal donor site without obvious discomfort.Conclusion:It was possible to use the modified transfer of the PIPJ from the second toe in the treatment of a finger PIPJ defect. An iliac bone graft and an island flap of the first toe transfer can preserve the appearance and function of the toes.

OBJECTIVE：To provid e reference for pharmaceutical workers to better understand Novel Coronavirus Infection ： Expert Consensus on Guidance and Prevention Strategies for Hospital Pharmacists and the Pharmacy Workforce （hereinafter referred to as “expert consensus ”），and to apply and practice in specific work ，so as to give full play to the role of pharmacists to help fight the epidemic.METHODS ：The background of the formulation and revision of the expert consensus were introduced ，and its main contents and viewpoints were interpreted. RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS ：The text of expert consensus is divided into 8 parts，mainly including disease diagnosis and treatment [SARS-CoV- 2 infection related background ，clinical manifestations and diagnosis， treatment]，hospital pharmacy （prevention and control strategy ，work guidance ），drug and facility support management（key drug/facility/equipment support ，management and use of the drug in special circumstances ），information sources and related resources ，etc.，which comprehensively and detailedly provide information ，guidance and strategies for coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 infection prevention and control to play the role of pharmacists in hospital pharmacy well ，do well in the protection of staff in different pharmaceutical posts ，drug security work in response to epidemic situation ，and develop pharmaceutical care. So far，the understanding of SARS-CoV- 2 in the pharmaceutical industry is relatively limited. Based on the accumulated experience and progress in epidemic prevention and control ，the expert consensus will be updated and improved continuously ，so as to provide guidance and help for hospital pharmaceutical personnel.