ObjectiveMicrotube associated protein-2 （MAP-2）， alpha-tubulin （α-tubulin）， and synaptophysin （SYP） are important proteins in neuronal signal communication. This paper observed the effects of modified Zhigancao Tang on the expression of serum α-Synuclein （α-Syn） and its oligomers， MAP-2， α-tubulin， and SYP of patients with liver and kidney deficiency of Parkinson's disease （PD）， analyzed their correlation， and evaluated the therapeutic effect of modified Zhigancao Tang in patients with liver and kidney deficiency of PD based on α-Syn transmission pathway mediated by neuronal communication in vivo. MethodsA total of 60 patients with PD who met the inclusion criteria were randomly divided into a treatment group （30 cases） and a control group （30 cases）. Both groups were treated on the basis of PD medicine， and the treatment group was treated with modified Zhigancao Tang. Both groups were treated for 12 weeks. The changes in UPDRS score， TCM syndrome score， and expression of serum α-Syn and its oligomers， MAP-2， α-tubulin， and SYP were observed before and after 12 weeks of treatment in each group. The correlation between the above-mentioned serum biological indexes and the levels of serum α-Syn and its oligomers was analyzed. ResultsAfter treatment， the TCM syndrome score， UPDRS score， UPDRS-Ⅱ score， and UPDRS-Ⅲ score of the treatment group were significantly decreased （P<0.05， P<0.01）. The UPDRS score， UPDRS-Ⅱ score， and UPDRS-Ⅲ scores in the treatment group were significantly decreased compared with those in the control group after treatment （P<0.05）. After treatment， the total effective rate of the control group was 63.3% （19/30）， and that of the treatment group was 86.7% （26/30）. The clinical effect of the observation group was better than the control group （Z=-2.03， P<0.05）. The total effective rate of the observation group was better than that of the control group， and the difference was statistically significant （χ²=5.136， P<0.05）. After treatment， the oligomer level of serum α-Syn and MAP-2 level in the treatment group were significantly decreased （P<0.05， P<0.01）. The levels of serum α-Syn and its oligomers， as well as α-tubulin in the treatment group， were significantly decreased compared with those in the control group after treatment （P<0.05， P<0.01）. Serum α-Syn was correlated with serum MAP-2 and α-Syn oligomer in patients with PD （P<0.05， P<0.01） but not correlated with serum SYP . Serum α-Syn oligomers of patients with PD were correlated with serum MAP-2 and α-tubulin （P<0.05， P<0.01） but not correlated with serum SYP level. Serum SYP of patients with PD was correlated with serum MAP-2 （P<0.05）. ConclusionModified Zhigancao Tang has a therapeutic effect on patients with liver and kidney deficiency of PD by inhibiting the production of α-Syn oligomers and intervening α-Syn microtubule transport pathway in vivo.

Objective: To examine the association between incidence of hand-foot-mouth disease (HFMD) and meteorological factors, so as to provide the basis for the prevention and control of HFMD. Methods: The number of HFMD cases in Jiading District, Shanghai Municipality from 2016 to 2023 were collected through the Chinese Disease Prevention and Control Information System, and meteorological data were obtained from the Shanghai Meteorological Bureau. The associations of daily average temperature, daily average relative humidity, and daily average atmospheric pressure with the daily number of HFMD cases were analyzed using a distributed lag non-linear model (DLNM). Results: A total of 21 555 HFMD cases were reported in Jiading District from 2016 to 2023, with an average annual incidence of 132.57/100 000. There were 12 762 male cases (59.21%) and 8 793 female cases (40.79%). The main peak of incidence occurred from June to August, and the secondary peak was from October to December. DLNM analysis showed that the incidence risk of HFMD first increased and then decreased with the increase of daily average temperature, and first decreased and then increased with the prolongation of the lag time. The cumulative lag risk was higher when the daily average temperature ranged from 18.4 to 35.1 ℃, and the maximum cumulative lag effect was observed at 27.8 ℃ (RR=5.522, 95%CI: 4.751-6.370). The incidence risk of HFMD first increased and then decreased with the increase of daily average relative humidity, and first decreased, then increased and then decreased again with the prolongation of the lag time. The cumulative lag risk was higher when the daily average relative humidity ranged from 71.7% and 90.8%, and the maximum cumulative lag effect was observed at 81.8% (RR=1.603, 95%CI: 1.321-1.995). The incidence risk of HFMD decreased with the increase of daily average atmospheric pressure, and decreased with the prolongation of the lag time when the daily average atmospheric pressure was greater than 1 015.80 hPa. When the daily average atmospheric pressure was less than 1 015.80 hPa, the incidence risk of HFMD increased with the prolongation of the lag time. The maximum cumulative lag effect was observed at 986.80 hPa (RR=8.513, 95%CI: 1.401-36.625). Conclusion The incidence risk of HFMD in Jiading District initially increases and then decreases with increasing temperature and relative humidity, while it decreases with increasing atmospheric pressure, and these effects exhibit a lagged response.

Objective: To examine the association between frailty and cognitive function in middle-aged and elderly populations using group-based trajectory model (GBTM), so as to provide insights into the prevention and intervention strategies for cognitive impairment in this population. Methods: From 2011 to 2018, data of demographic information and lifestyle behavior for individuals aged ≥45 years were collected from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study. Frailty status was assessed using the frailty index, and cognitive function was evaluated using the Chinese version of the Mini-Mental State Examination. GBTM was applied to establish frailty trajectories based on the frailty index from 2011 to 2018 to analyze the trajectory of frailty changes. The association between frailty and cognitive function was analyzed using multiple linear regression model. Results: A total of 4 809 participants were included, with a mean age of (56.63±7.73) years. There were 2 621 males (54.50%) and 2 188 females (45.50%). The 2018 survey identified 574 individuals (11.94%) with cognitive function decline. GBTM identified four distinct frailty trajectories including the normal and stable group (69.27%), recovering frail group (9.32%), progressing pre-frail group (16.20%) and persistently frail group (5.22%). The mean cognitive funtion scores for these groups were (17.24±4.83) (16.38±5.53) (15.74±5.20) (15.02±5.11) points, respectively. The differences in cognitive funtion scores across groups were statistically significant (P<0.05). Multiple linear regression analysis showed, after adjusting for confounding factors such as gender, age, nighttime sleep duration, and smoking, compared with the normal and stable group, the cognitive function decline risk was higher in the frailty recovery group (β=-0.581), the pre-frail progression group (β=-0.583), and the persistently frail group (β=-0.662) compared with the non-frail stable group (all P<0.05). Conclusions There are four groups of changes in frailty among the middle-aged and elderly populations. Compared with the normal and stable group, the groups experiencing progression, persistence, and recovery of frailty exhibit a more pronounced risk of cognitive funtion decline.

ObjectiveTo screen key genes associated with neuroblastoma （NB） diagnosis and prognosis using the Gene Expression Omnibus （GEO） database， and to investigate the expression and clinical significance of nucleoporin 93 （NUP93） in NB tissues. MethodsNB gene chip data （GSE73517， GSE49710， GSE19274） were retrieved from the GEO database. Differentially expressed genes （DEGs） commonly upregulated in high-risk groups were screened. The R2 database was then used to assess the prognostic value of DEGs that were commonly upregulated in the MYCN amplification group. Finally， NUP93 expression levels in the tissues from 60 NB， 25 ganglioneuroblastoma （GNB）， and 26 ganglioneuroma （GN） cases were measured by immunohistochemistry . ResultsTwenty-five DEGs were identified as commonly upregulated in high-risk groups. Among these， 10 genes （SIVA1， NUP93， STIP1， LSM4， RAI14， MYOZ3， KNTC1， TNFRSF10B， TACC3 and CEP152） showed significantly higher expression in MYCN-amplified subgroups （P＜0.05）. Survival analysis revealed that high NUP93 expression was associated with shorter overall survival （HR = 4.0， 95% CI： 3.0，5.3， P = 1.80 × 10⁻³⁴）. Immunohistochemistry results revealed that NUP93 expression in NB tissues was significantly higher than in GNB and GN tissues （P＜0.001）. NUP93 expression was positively correlated with high mitosis-karyorrhexis index （MKI； P=0.040）， poor differentiation （P＜0.001）， and MYCN expression （r_s = 0.793， P ＜0.001）. ConclusionsHigh expression of NUP93 is associated with high MKI and poor differentiation， and predicts unfavorable prognosis in patients with NB， suggesting it may promote tumor progression by regulating MYCN. NUP93 has the potential to be a novel diagnostic biomarker and therapeutic target for NB.

BACKGROUND: Cancer is a major public health concern, particularly among middle-aged and elderly populations, who are disproportionately affected by rising cancer incidence. Environmental pollution has been identified as a significant risk factor for cancer development. China's Carbon Emission Trading Policy (CETP), implemented in pilot regions since 2013, aims to reduce carbon emissions and improve air quality. This study evaluates the impact of CETP on pan-cancer incidence, with a focus on its effects on specific cancer types and vulnerable populations. METHODS: This quasi-natural experiment utilized data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) and environmental data from the China National Environmental Monitoring Center (2011-2018). A staggered difference-in-differences (DID) model was employed to estimate the impact of CETP on cancer incidence. Robustness tests, including parallel trend tests, placebo analysis, and entropy balancing, validated the findings. Subgroup analyses were performed to assess the policy's heterogeneous effects based on gender, Body Mass Index (BMI), and smoking status. RESULTS: CETP implementation significantly reduced the incidence of six cancer types: endometrial, cervical, gastric, esophageal, breast, and lung cancers. Overall, pan-cancer incidence significantly declined post-policy implementation (CETP × POST: -47.200, 95% CI: [-61.103, -33.296], p < 0.001). The policy demonstrated stronger effects in highly polluted areas and among individuals with poorer mental health. Subgroup analysis revealed that females, individuals with lower BMI, and non-smokers experienced more substantial benefits. CONCLUSIONS CETP significantly reduces cancer incidence by improving environmental quality and influencing mental health, with particularly strong effects observed among high-risk populations. This study highlights the important role of environmental economic policies in mitigating cancer burden and promoting public health. Future research should further explore the long-term impacts of this policy and its applicability across different national and regional contexts.
Humans ; Incidence ; Neoplasms/epidemiology* ; China/epidemiology* ; Middle Aged ; Female ; Male ; Aged ; Air Pollution/legislation & jurisprudence* ; Carbon/analysis* ; Longitudinal Studies ; Air Pollutants/analysis* ; Environmental Exposure

With the advent of precision medicine and personalized treatment, targeted therapies have become pivotal in oncology. Noninvasive molecular imaging, especially immunoPET/SPECT, plays a crucial role in refining cancer diagnostics and treatment monitoring by visualizing biological processes at the molecular level. This review explores the dynamic field of immunoPET/SPECT imaging using Fab and F(ab')₂ fragments, characterized by advantageous pharmacokinetics and swift clearance from the bloodstream, making them suitable for same-day imaging procedures. We examine contemporary strategies for radiolabeling these fragments with PET and SPECT radionuclides and discuss potential advancements and the challenges anticipated in the further development of Fab and F(ab')₂ fragments. Despite the complexities involved in their development, these fragments hold significant promise for advanceing personalized cancer treatment. Keys to this advancement are innovative radiolabeling techniques, site-specific conjugation chemistries, and short-lived radionuclides, all of which are crucial for overcoming existing limitations and enhancing the clinical utility of these imaging agents. As research progresses, Fab and F(ab')₂ fragments are expected to become central to the future of cancer diagnostics and therapeutic monitoring, thereby improving patient management and contributing significantly to the evolution of personalized medicine.

OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to investigate the correlation between clinical symptoms and unilateral chewing habits in patients with temporomandibular disorder (TMD) accompanied by tinnitus. METHODS: A total of 285 patients diagnosed with TMD at the Department of Stomatology of the First Medical Center of Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital between December 2020 and May 2024 were included and divided into two groups: tinnitus group and non-tinnitus group. Analysis was conducted on the proportion of patients with unilateral chewing habits in both groups, the correlation between the side of tinnitus and the side of unilateral chewing, and the correlation of tinnitus with TMD clinical symptoms (joint clicking, joint pain, and limited mouth opening) and unilateral chewing habits. The correlation of the type of disc displacement with unilateral chewing and tinnitus was also examined. RESULTS: In the tinnitus group, the proportions of patients with and without unilateral chewing habits were 90.70% (39/43) and 9.30% (4/43), respectively. In the non-tinnitus group, the proportions of patients with and without unilateral chewing habits were 76.03% (184/242) and 23.97% (58/242), respectively. The proportion of patients with unilateral chewing habits in the tinnitus group was significantly higher than in the non-tinnitus group (χ²=4.613, P<0.05). Correlation analysis showed a positive correlation between tinnitus and unilateral chewing habits (P<0.05). In the left-sided tinnitus group, the proportion of left-sided unilateral chewers [54.55% (12/22)] was higher than that of right-sided unilateral chewers [45.45% (10/22)]. In the right-sided tinnitus group, the proportion of right-sided unilateral chewers [81.82% (9/11)] was higher than that of left-sided unilateral chewers [18.18% (2/11)]. The difference was statistically significant (χ²=7.282, P<0.05). A positive correlation was also found between the side of tinnitus and the side of unilateral chewing habits (P<0.05). The proportion of patients with pain was significantly higher in the tinnitus group than in the non-tinnitus group (P<0.05). No significant difference in the proportion of joint clicking or limited mouth opening and disc displacement (no disc displacement, unilateral disc displacement, bilateral disc displacement, reducible disc displacement, or irreducible disc displacement) was found between the tinnitus and non-tinnitus groups (P>0.05). CONCLUSIONS TMD with unilateral chewing habits may be a contributing factor to unexplained tinnitus. Unexplained tinnitus is correlated with joint pain in patients with TMD.
Humans ; Tinnitus/physiopathology* ; Temporomandibular Joint Disorders/physiopathology* ; Mastication ; Male ; Adult ; Female ; Middle Aged ; Habits

With the rapid development of population aging in various countries around the world,the health and elderly care industry has been paid high attention.The standardization of smart health and elderly care technology and services is particularly important.This paper firstly reviewed the policies related to healthy elderly care in China.By analyzing the industrial standards and provincial standards issued,this paper focused on the policies proposed by the Shanghai Municipal Government for the standardization of smart health and elderly care,as well as the researches on the standard system and the construction of standard families.Shanghai group standards in the field of smart health and elderly care were summarized,including the guidelines for the construction of standard systems,elderly care service platforms,community elderly cafeterias,portable health monitoring terminals,indoor sports services,and home-based elderly care safety monitoring.A series of case analyses of the standardized implementation of the above aspects were also provided.Through standardization research and practice in recent years,it has been fully demonstrated that the standard research plays an important leading role in the field of smart health and elderly care.

Objective To explore the application of evidence-based nursing based on mind mapping in patients undergoing knee arthroscopic surgery.Methods Ninety patients who underwent arthroscopic surgery in Dongzhimen Hospital,Beijing University of Chinese Medicine from June 2021 to January 2023 were selected for prospective study.They were randomly assigned to study group or control group according to the random number table,with 45 cases in each group.The control group was given routine nursing,and the study group was given evidence-based nursing based on mind mapping.The nursing care continued until one month after discharge.Psychological resilience score,pain degree[(visual analogue scale,VAS)score],hospitalization time,hospital knee score(HSS)score,postoperative complications and satisfaction degree at discharge were compared between the two groups.Results Repeated measures showed that there were significant differences in the time-point effect,intergroup effect and interaction effect of psychological resilience score and HSS score between the two groups(P<0.05),and the psychological resilience score and HSS score of the study group were higher than those of the control group(P<0.05).The VAS score at discharge and hospital stay of the study group were superior to those of the control group(P<0.05).The incidence of postoperative complications in the study group was lower than that in the control group(2.22%vs 17.78%,P<0.05).The degree of patients'satisfaction in the study group was higher than that in the control group(P<0.05).Conclusion Evidence-based nursing based on mind mapping can effectively improve psychological resilience,relieve postoperative pain,increase the range of motion of the knee,promote recovery,reduce postoperative complications and improve clinical satisfaction.

A novel technology is proposed for non-contact and real-time detection of atrial fibrillation using millimeter-wave radar.A 60 GHz PCR millimeter wave radar is used to continuously detect the chest echo signal of the subject.After signal acquisition,I-Q signal is generated through I-Q demodulation,and the signal phase information is extracted using effective points phase trend evaluation for obtaining the signals from oscillations in the chest wall,from which the respiratory signals and cardiac signals are extracted through digital filtering for the analysis of cardiac movement.Whether the atrial fibrillation occurs or not is determined by the characteristics of atrial fibrillation wave in the time domain.The effective points phase trend evaluation for extracting more accurate signal phase information and the time-domain method for real-time atrial fibrillation detection are the innovations of the study.The experimental results show that the proposed method achieves a detection accuracy of 99.2%in clinic.