Objective To investigate the association between physical activity levels and blood lipids among college freshmen, and to provide scientific evidence for the health management of college freshmen. Methods An electronic questionnaire survey on physical activity was conducted on freshmen of a university, and fasting blood biochemical indicators were detected. The International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) short form was used to evaluate the physical activity levels of the participants. Dyslipidemia was defined as an abnormality in any one of the following serum lipid parameters: total cholesterol, triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), or non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Binary logistic regression and stratified analyses were employed to explore the relationship between physical activity and blood lipids. Results A total of 3 401 participants were included, with an average age of 18.45 ± 0.92 years, and 60.5% were female. The prevalence of dyslipidemia was 17.7%, with a higher rate among males (22.1%) than females (14.8%). After adjusting for confounding factors related to blood lipids, high-intensity physical activity was negatively associated with the risk of elevated LDL-C among males (OR = 0.36, 95% CI: 0.13–0.99, P = 0.049). Conclusion Among freshmen at a medical college in Hubei Province, high-intensity physical activity is negatively associated with the risk of elevated LDL-C in males, but this association needs to be further confirmed by larger prospective cohort studies.

With the rapid development of population aging in various countries around the world,the health and elderly care industry has been paid high attention.The standardization of smart health and elderly care technology and services is particularly important.This paper firstly reviewed the policies related to healthy elderly care in China.By analyzing the industrial standards and provincial standards issued,this paper focused on the policies proposed by the Shanghai Municipal Government for the standardization of smart health and elderly care,as well as the researches on the standard system and the construction of standard families.Shanghai group standards in the field of smart health and elderly care were summarized,including the guidelines for the construction of standard systems,elderly care service platforms,community elderly cafeterias,portable health monitoring terminals,indoor sports services,and home-based elderly care safety monitoring.A series of case analyses of the standardized implementation of the above aspects were also provided.Through standardization research and practice in recent years,it has been fully demonstrated that the standard research plays an important leading role in the field of smart health and elderly care.

Objective To study the root canal morphology of permanent mandibular anterior teeth and explore its correlation with the occurrence of three-rooted mandibular molars using cone beam computed tomographic(CBCT)imaging.Methods CBCT image data of 200 subjects were randomly collected from dental clinics.The root canal morphology of the mandibular anterior teeth was identified and classified by Vertucci's classification,and the root length and labio-lingual dimension at the tooth neck level were measured.The occurrence of three-rooted mandibular first molars was examined as well.The concurrence rates of double-canaled anterior teeth and three-rooted mandibular first molars at each side,and concurrence rates of bilateral double-canaled anterior teeth and three-rooted man-dibular first molars were calculated.Spearman correlation tests were applied to analyze the correlation between the double-canaled ante-rior teeth and three-rooted mandibular first molars,as well as the bilateral antimetric teeth.Results The incidence of double-canaled system was 10.4％,18.6％and 6.5％in mandibular central incisors,lateral incisors and canines,respectively;the bilateral concur-rence rates were 5.7％,11.1％and 3.0％,respectively,and Spearman correlation coefficients(rho)were 0.487,0.505 and 0.440(P＜0.01),respectively;gender difference and side difference were not detected(P＞0.05).The frequency of three-rooted mandibular first molars was 24.6％;gender difference was not detected(P＞0.05),while the incidence was significantly higher at the right side(29.0％)than the left side(20.3％)(P＜0.05).The bilateral concurrence rate was 17.4％,and a moderate correlation was detected(rho=0.666,P＜0.01).The concurrence rates between the double-canaled anterior teeth and three-rooted mandibular first molars at each side were very low(2.6％-7.6％),and Spearman correlation tests demonstrated that no correlation(P＞0.05)could be detected between them.Conclusion The lateral incisors exhibited the highest incidence of two root canals among the mandibular anterior teeth.Ad-ditionally,there was no significant corr-elation between three-rooted mandibular first molars and double-canaled mandibular anterior teeth.

Congenital insensitivity to pain with anhidrosis (CIPA)is a rare disease which mainly affects infants, children and adolescents. As an autosomal recessive disorder, CIPA is also known as familial autonomic dysfunction type 2. The diagnosis of CIPA mainly relies on clinical observation and genetic testing. Currently there is a lack of effective treatment, and it is mainly treated by cooling, anti-inflammatory and strengthened guardianization. This article has reviewed the literature and summarized the research on CIPA and progress made in its diagnosis and treatment, with an aim to improve the understanding of this disorder.

Objectives To develop a multi-stage and multi-epitope vaccine, which consists of epitopes from the early secretory and latency-associated antigens of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB). Methods The B-cell, cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) and helper T-lymphocyte (HTL) epitopes of 12 proteins were predicted using an immunoinformatics. The epitopes with antigenicity, without cytotoxicity and sensitization, were further screened to construct the multi-epitope vaccine. Furthermore, the proposed vaccine underwent physicochemical properties analysis and secondary structure prediction as well as 3D structure modeling, refinement and validation. Then the refined model was docked with TLR4. Finally, an immune simulation of the vaccine was carried out. Results The proposed vaccine, which consists of 12 B-cell, 11 CTL and 12 HTL epitopes, had a flexible and stable globular conformation as well as a thermostable and hydrophilic structure. A stable interaction of the vaccine with TLR4 was confirmed by molecular docking. The efficiency of the candidate vaccine to trigger effective cellular and humoral immune responses was assessed by immune simulation. Conclusion A multi-stage multi-epitope MTB vaccine construction strategy based on immunoinformatics is proposed, which is expected to prevent both active and latent MTB infection.
Mycobacterium tuberculosis/metabolism* ; Molecular Docking Simulation ; Toll-Like Receptor 4 ; Epitopes, T-Lymphocyte/chemistry* ; Epitopes, B-Lymphocyte/chemistry* ; Vaccines, Subunit/chemistry* ; Computational Biology/methods*

Objective:To investigate the effects of fluoride exposure on proliferation, apoptosis and osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) in mice.Methods:BMSCs were isolated and cultured from femur bone marrow of C57BL/6 mice (6 - 8 weeks). The cells in passage 3 were used to detect the surface markers of stem cells by flow cytometry. The cells were cultured in media with a final fluoride concentration of 0.0, 0.1, 1.0, 5.0, 10.0, 15.0, 20.0 and 40.0 mg/L, respectively. The effects of different fluoride concentrations on BMSCs cell proliferation (CCK8 method), apoptosis (flow cytometry analysis), osteogenic differentiation ability [alizarin red and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) staining] were detected. Western blot was applied to detect the levels of apoptosis-related proteins [poly ADP-ribose polymerase (PARP)], mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway member proteins [extracellular regulated protein kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2), c-Jun amino-terminal kinase (JNK), p38 and phosphorylated ERK, JNK, p38 (p-ERK, p-JNK, p-p38)], osteogenic differentiation-related protein [Runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2), ALP] and Wnt/β-catenin pathway member proteins [glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK3β), phosphorylated GSK3β (p-GSK3β) and β-catenin]. Immunocytofluorescense staining was applied to evaluate the expression levels of p-GSK3β and β-catenin. The two pathways (MAPK and Wnt/β-catenin) were blocked by SP600125 and DKK-1, respectively, to testify their involvement in mechanisms of apoptosis and osteogenic differentiation.Results:The mouse BMSCs were successfully isolated and cultured. Flow cytometry analysis showed that the mesenchymal stem cell surface biomarkers (CD73, CD90 and CD105) were positively expressed. The comparison of cell proliferation at three time points (24, 48 and 72 h) in each concentration group was statistically significant ( F = 65.36, 160.04 and 365.32, P < 0.001), and the comparison of early apoptosis (24 h) in each concentration group was statistically significant ( F = 214.04, P < 0.001); compared with the 0.0 mg/L group, the cell proliferation in 15.0, 20.0 and 40.0 mg/L groups decreased, and the early apoptosis rate in 10.0, 15.0 and 20.0 mg/L groups increased ( P < 0.05). When cells were treated with 15.0 mg/L fluoride for 0 - 24 h, the p-JNK/JNK ratio was higher at 2, 4, 8, 12, 18 and 24 h compared with that at 0 min ( P < 0.05); compared with the fluoride group (15.0 mg/L), the early apoptosis rate of cells after SP600125 block decreased ( P < 0.05), and the protein expression levels of PARP and p-JNK decreased ( P < 0.05). After osteogenic induction, compared with the 0.0 mg/L group, in 0.1 and 1.0 mg/L groups ALP staining was enhanced and the number of calcified nodules increased, and the protein expression levels of Runx2 and ALP in the 0.1 and 1.0 mg/L groups were higher ( P < 0.05). After osteogenic induction, compared with the 0.0 mg/L group, the p-GSK3β/GSK3β ratio and β-catenin protein level were significantly higher in the 0.1 and 1.0 mg/L groups ( P < 0.05); and compared with the fluoride group (1.0 mg/L), addition of DKK-1 significantly decreased the protein expression levels of p-GSK3β and β-catenin and reduced the nuclear entry of β-catenin, and ALP staining decreased and the number of calcified nodules decreased. Conclusions:High concentration of fluoride (> 10.0 mg/L) inhibits the proliferation and promotes apoptosis of BMSCs, while low concentration of fluoride (0.1, 1.0 mg/L) promotes osteogenic differentiation. The MAPK/JNK pathway and the classical Wnt pathway are involved in the above cellular processes, respectively.

Objective:To investigate the characteristics of serum cytokine IL-4 and IFN- γ levels in patients with chronic insomnia with mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and to further explore the relationship between cognitive function and IL-4 and IFN-γ in patients with chronic insomnia.Methods:Sixty-two patients with chronic insomnia were divided into MCI group( n=30) and non-MCI group( n=32) according to the scores of Montreal cognitive assessment(MoCA), mini-mental state examination(MMSE) score and chief complaint of cognitive decline. Pittsburgh sleep quality index(PSQI), Hamilton depression scale(HAMD 24) and Hamilton anxiety scale 14 item(HAMA 14) were evaluated. Serum IL-4 and IFN-γ were detected by flow fluorescence, correlation analysis and regression analysis were carried out. Results:The levels of IL-4 and IFN-γ in MCI group were significantly lower than those in non-MCI group (IL-4: 0.875(0.143, 1.655)μg/L, 1.855(0.813, 2.723)μg/L; IFN-γ: 0.450(0.173, 1.163)μg/L, 1.160(0.483, 3.075)μg/L, all P<0.05). There was no significant difference in IFN- γ/IL-4, PSQI, HAMA 14 and HAMD 24 scores between MCI group and non-MCI group. IL-4 was positively correlated with the total score of MoCA( r=0.318, P<0.05), orientation( r=0.324, P<0.05)and delayed recall( r=0.368, P<0.01). The results of multivariate regression showed that IL-4 had significant effects on MCI in patients with chronic insomnia( B=2.161, OR=8.682, 95% CI=2.058~36.633, P=0.003). Conclusion:The cognitive function of chronic insomnia is closely related to serum IL-4 and IFN-γ, and serum IL-4 has a protective effect on cognition in chronic insomnia patients. Therefore, it can be speculated that cytokines may be an important pathophysiological link of cognitive change in chronic insomnia patients.

Objective To investigate the correlation between chronic insomniacs' sleep quality and age,gender,education level,anxiety,depression and sympathetic skin response (SSR) in chronic insomniacs.Methods General information of 197 outpatients with chronic insomnia was recorded,including age,gender and education,etc.They were tested by Pittsburgh's Sleep Quality Index (PSQI),Hamilton's Anxiety Scale (14 item version) (HAMA14),Hamilton's Depression Scale (24 item version)(HAMD24) and Sympathetic Skin Response (SSR).Distribution properties of different age,gender and education groups were studied.Chronic insomniacs were divided into mild insomnia group (7 ≤ PSQI ＜ 14)and moderate-severe insomnia group (PSQI ≥ 14).Dependency relation analysis and stepwise linear regression analysis were conducted among indices of PSQI scores,HAMA14 scores and total score,HAMD24 scores and total score,SSR positive incidence.Results Among 197 chronic insomniacs (male,50 cases,25.4％;female,147 cases,74.6％),insomniacs aged over 40 accounted for 77.2％.Female patients were older than male patients with statistical significance,of whom those aged 40-60 years accounted for the highest proportion of 37.1％.Female patients with less education (junior high school and below)accounted for the highest proportion of 50.3％ (73/197),whose education level was generally lower than male patients.Among 197 chronic insomniacs,104 cases (52.8％,99/197) had mild insomnia and 93cases (47.2％) had moderate-severe insomnia.Total score of HAMA14 of patients with moderate-severe insomnia was significantly higher than that of patients with mild insomnia (16.47 ± 5.40 vs 12.51 ± 4.53;t =5.552,P＜0.01).There was statistically significanct difference in subitem HAMA14 scores of anxiety somatization factor (4.31 ± 2.26 vs 5.90-3.10,t =5.600,P ＜ 0.01) and spiritualized anxiety factor (10.5 ± 72.97 vs 8.20 ± 3.00,t =4.157,P ＜ 0.01) between mild and moderate-severe groups with insomnia.Total score of HAMD24 of patients with moderate-severe insomnia was significantly higher than that of patients with mild insomnia (18.04 ± 5.91 vs 13.41 ± 5.05;t=3.931,P＜ 0.01).There was statistically significanct difference in scores of most HAMD24 subitems including anxiety/somatization (3.56 ± 1.51 vs 2.94 ± 1.28;t =3.110,P =0.002),cognitive dysfunction (2.91 ± 1.68 vs 2.17 ± 1.57;t=3.191,P=0.002),retardation (2.331 ±1.31 vs 1.72 ±1.22;t=3.939,P=0.01),dyssomnia (4.51 ± 1.54 vs 3.01 ± 1.80;t =6.228,P ＜0.01) and hopelessness factor (2.29 ± 1.46 vs 1.66 ± 1.07,t =3.459,P =0.001;except body weight and diurnal variation factor) between groups with different degrees of insomnia.SSR abnormal incidences of moderate-severe insomniacs were significantly higher than that of mild insomniacs.The proportion of poorly differentiated waveform and not elicited waveform in SSR abnormal groups had statistically significant difference.The Pearson correlation analysis showed that PSQI scores in chronic insomnia patients and HAMA14,HAMD24 score as well as abnormal rate of SSR were positively correlated (r =0.439,0.465,0.249,all P ＜ 0.01).Conclusions Chronic insomnia was commonly seen in middle-aged women with education level of junor high school and below.The degree of sleep quality and anxiety,depression as well as the abnormal rate of SSR was positively correlated in patients with chronic insomnia.

Objective To observe the clinical efficacy of auricular point sticking with magnetic bead in treating insomnia in hepatocirrhosis patients. Method Ninety patients with hepatocirrhosis complicated with insomnia were randomized into a treatment group and a control group, 45 in each group. The treatment group was intervened by auricular point sticking with magnetic bead, while the control group was by auricular point sticking with medical adhesive tape. After successive 2-week treatments, the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI) and the Evaluation Criteria of Therapeutic Efficacy for Mental Disorders were observed for evaluating the treatment result. Result The ISI was significantly improved in the treatment group after intervention (P<0.05), and the improvement was significantly different from that in the control group (P<0.05). The total effective rate was 86.7% in the treatment group versus 60.0% in the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.01). Conclusion Auricular point sticking with magnetic bead is easy-to-operate and can produce a satisfactory efficacy in treating insomnia of hepatocirrhosis patients.

Objective To investigate the factors of families related to the outcome of rehabilitation for cerebral palsy children. Methods Families of 153 cerebral palsy children were investigated with questionnaires of family condition, knowledge of cerebral palsy, compliance,and the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire, Marital Quality Questionnaire, Social Support Scale, Symptom Check List, Happiness Index.The children were assessed with Comprehensive Assessment for Disable Children before and after rehabilitation. Results There were significant differences of compliance, knowledge of cerebral palsy, being of other healthy children, personality of extraversion/introversion and lying,and mental symptom between the families of the cerebral palsy children improved or not after rehabilitation (P<0.05). Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that, being of other healthy children, personality of extraversion/introversion and mental symptom were the independent factors. Conclusion It may relate to the outcome of rehabilitation for cerebral palsy children of family condition, personality and mental health of the families, which need further intervention.