To investigate the anti-atherosclerotic effects of dietary hesperidin and naringin on ather-osclerosis in rabbits.Twenty-four adult healthy male New Zealand Large White rabbits were ran-domly assigned to four groups based on one factor:control(Con),model(Mod),hesperidin(HP),and naringenin(NG),each containing six rabbits and housed in solitary cages.During the experi-mental period,the control group received normal feed;the model group was fed high-fat for 30 d to establish the atherosclerosis,(AS)model and continued to be fed high-fat feed;the hesperidin and naringenin groups were fed high-fat for 30 d and then underwent AS modeling,and at a later stage,150 mg of hesperidin(or naringenin)was added to the diets at a rate of 1.5 mg per kg of di-et,respectively,for 30 d.Relative body quality,blood lipids,oxidation,and inflammatory factor lev-els were all assessed.At the end of the test period,the test rabbits were sacrificed to obtain the common carotid artery for histopathological section HE staining,Oil red O staining,and Sirius red staining in order to observe vascular tissue structure,lipid and inflammatory cell infiltration,and e-lastic plate and elastic fiber damage.The results indicated that the relative body quality of the mod-el,HP and NG groups increased rapidly,and the difference with the control group within the same period was highly significant(P＜0.01);The HP and NG interventions significantly decreased to-tal cholesterol(TC)and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C)levels(P＜0.01),while also leading to a significant increase in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C)levels(P＜0.01);MDA levels exhibited a significant decrease(P＜0.01),while SOD levels showed a notable in-crease(P＜0.01)following the HP and NG interventions;After HP and NG interventions,TNF-α and IL-1 were regressed(P＜0.01)and IL-10 was significantly elevated(P＜0.01);Compared with the control group,the model group showed approximately 41.8 and 2.5 fold thickening of the maximal endo-medial membrane,respectively,and the HP and NG interventions showed approxi-mately 13 and 15 fold thickening of the maximal endo-medial membrane,and both of the maximal medial membranes thickened by approximately 1.4 fold;Staining of pathological sections showed that HP and NG intervened to significantly reduce inflammatory cell infiltration,deposition of lipid components,slight thickening of the endothelium,and intact fibroblastic components.The results showed that the addition of HP and NG to diets could regulate blood lipids and exert anti-inflam-matory and antioxidant effects by inhibiting the expression of inflammatory factors and oxidizing factors,showing significant anti-AS effects,and the two effects were comparable.

To explore the effects and processes of various hesperidin(HP)dosages on atherosclero-sis(AS)in rabbits caused by high-fat diet in conjunction with anhydrous ethanol arterial damage.A total of twenty-five healthy male rabbits,six months of age,were chosen,given a week to accli-mate and feed,and then randomly assigned to five groups:the model group,the control group,and the groups receiving low,middle,and high doses of HP.The control group received normal feed during the experiment;the model group received high-fat feed for 30 days,after which the common carotid artery was perfused with anhydrous ethanol to create a pathological model of AS;the HP low,middle,and high dose groups received high-fat feed continuously for 30 days based on the model group,with 100,150,and 200 mg/kg of HP added to the diets,respectively.The blood cell counts,including white blood cells(WBC),lymphocytes(lym),monocytes(Mon),red blood cells(RBC),hemoglobin concentration(HGB),platelet count(PLT),and granulocytes were measured using hematology analyzer.The serum total cholesterol(TC),triglycerides(TG),low density lipo-protein cholesterol(LDL-C),and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C)were analyzed u-sing biochemical analyzer.An ELISA kit was used to measure the expression of inflammatory factors and the level of oxidative factors,while a blood cell analyzer was used to measure the quan-tity of blood cells and a biochemical analyzer was used to measure the level of four kinds of blood lipids.At the end of the test,the test rabbits were sacrificed to take carotid arteries for pathological tissue sections HE,Oil Red O and Masson staining to observe the structure of the wall with lipid infiltration and other conditions.The results indicated a significant increase in body weight in the model group compared to the HP dose group(P＜0.01).In comparison to the model group,HP in-tervention significantly reduced the levels of WBC,Mon,PLT,and the percentage of Gran(P＜0.01).Additionally,HP intervention significantly decreased serum inflammatory cytokines,inclu-ding TG,TC,and LDL-C,while increasing HDL-C levels(P＜0.01).The plasma levels of TNF-αand IL-1 decreased significantly following HP intervention(P＜0.01),whereas the level of IL-10 increased significantly(P＜0.01).Furthermore,SOD activity was significantly higher(P＜0.01)and MDA content was significantly lower(P＜0.01)after HP intervention.Histological examina-tion revealed that HP intervention significantly reduced lipid deposition in tubular walls,inflamma-tory cell infiltration,and the extent of elastic fiber damage.These results suggest that HP may at-tenuate atherosclerosis in rabbits by modulating lipid levels,inflammatory factors,and oxidative stress.

To investigate the anti-atherosclerotic effects of dietary hesperidin and naringin on ather-osclerosis in rabbits.Twenty-four adult healthy male New Zealand Large White rabbits were ran-domly assigned to four groups based on one factor:control(Con),model(Mod),hesperidin(HP),and naringenin(NG),each containing six rabbits and housed in solitary cages.During the experi-mental period,the control group received normal feed;the model group was fed high-fat for 30 d to establish the atherosclerosis,(AS)model and continued to be fed high-fat feed;the hesperidin and naringenin groups were fed high-fat for 30 d and then underwent AS modeling,and at a later stage,150 mg of hesperidin(or naringenin)was added to the diets at a rate of 1.5 mg per kg of di-et,respectively,for 30 d.Relative body quality,blood lipids,oxidation,and inflammatory factor lev-els were all assessed.At the end of the test period,the test rabbits were sacrificed to obtain the common carotid artery for histopathological section HE staining,Oil red O staining,and Sirius red staining in order to observe vascular tissue structure,lipid and inflammatory cell infiltration,and e-lastic plate and elastic fiber damage.The results indicated that the relative body quality of the mod-el,HP and NG groups increased rapidly,and the difference with the control group within the same period was highly significant(P＜0.01);The HP and NG interventions significantly decreased to-tal cholesterol(TC)and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C)levels(P＜0.01),while also leading to a significant increase in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C)levels(P＜0.01);MDA levels exhibited a significant decrease(P＜0.01),while SOD levels showed a notable in-crease(P＜0.01)following the HP and NG interventions;After HP and NG interventions,TNF-α and IL-1 were regressed(P＜0.01)and IL-10 was significantly elevated(P＜0.01);Compared with the control group,the model group showed approximately 41.8 and 2.5 fold thickening of the maximal endo-medial membrane,respectively,and the HP and NG interventions showed approxi-mately 13 and 15 fold thickening of the maximal endo-medial membrane,and both of the maximal medial membranes thickened by approximately 1.4 fold;Staining of pathological sections showed that HP and NG intervened to significantly reduce inflammatory cell infiltration,deposition of lipid components,slight thickening of the endothelium,and intact fibroblastic components.The results showed that the addition of HP and NG to diets could regulate blood lipids and exert anti-inflam-matory and antioxidant effects by inhibiting the expression of inflammatory factors and oxidizing factors,showing significant anti-AS effects,and the two effects were comparable.

To explore the effects and processes of various hesperidin(HP)dosages on atherosclero-sis(AS)in rabbits caused by high-fat diet in conjunction with anhydrous ethanol arterial damage.A total of twenty-five healthy male rabbits,six months of age,were chosen,given a week to accli-mate and feed,and then randomly assigned to five groups:the model group,the control group,and the groups receiving low,middle,and high doses of HP.The control group received normal feed during the experiment;the model group received high-fat feed for 30 days,after which the common carotid artery was perfused with anhydrous ethanol to create a pathological model of AS;the HP low,middle,and high dose groups received high-fat feed continuously for 30 days based on the model group,with 100,150,and 200 mg/kg of HP added to the diets,respectively.The blood cell counts,including white blood cells(WBC),lymphocytes(lym),monocytes(Mon),red blood cells(RBC),hemoglobin concentration(HGB),platelet count(PLT),and granulocytes were measured using hematology analyzer.The serum total cholesterol(TC),triglycerides(TG),low density lipo-protein cholesterol(LDL-C),and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C)were analyzed u-sing biochemical analyzer.An ELISA kit was used to measure the expression of inflammatory factors and the level of oxidative factors,while a blood cell analyzer was used to measure the quan-tity of blood cells and a biochemical analyzer was used to measure the level of four kinds of blood lipids.At the end of the test,the test rabbits were sacrificed to take carotid arteries for pathological tissue sections HE,Oil Red O and Masson staining to observe the structure of the wall with lipid infiltration and other conditions.The results indicated a significant increase in body weight in the model group compared to the HP dose group(P＜0.01).In comparison to the model group,HP in-tervention significantly reduced the levels of WBC,Mon,PLT,and the percentage of Gran(P＜0.01).Additionally,HP intervention significantly decreased serum inflammatory cytokines,inclu-ding TG,TC,and LDL-C,while increasing HDL-C levels(P＜0.01).The plasma levels of TNF-αand IL-1 decreased significantly following HP intervention(P＜0.01),whereas the level of IL-10 increased significantly(P＜0.01).Furthermore,SOD activity was significantly higher(P＜0.01)and MDA content was significantly lower(P＜0.01)after HP intervention.Histological examina-tion revealed that HP intervention significantly reduced lipid deposition in tubular walls,inflamma-tory cell infiltration,and the extent of elastic fiber damage.These results suggest that HP may at-tenuate atherosclerosis in rabbits by modulating lipid levels,inflammatory factors,and oxidative stress.