OBJECTIVE To study the mechanism of action of Rehmannia glutinosa-medicated serum （RG） in regulating lipopolysaccharide （LPS）-induced polarization of BV2 microglia to interfere with neuroinflammation. METHODS An in vitro neuroinflammation model of BV2 cells induced by LPS was established. Cells were divided into control group， LPS group， 10%RG group， 20%RG group， BAY 11-7082 [nuclear factor kappa B （NF-κB） inhibitor] group， and 20%RG+BAY 11-7082 group. Except for the control group， cells in all other groups were pretreated with corresponding drugs for 12 h and then stimulated with LPS for 24 h. The morphology of cells in each group was observed， and the fluorescence intensity of ionized calcium binding adaptor molecule 1 （Iba-1）， inducible nitric oxide synthase （iNOS）， CD206， the mRNA expression of tumor necrosis factor-α （TNF-α）， interleukin-6 （IL-6）， IL-1β， iNOS， IL-4， IL-10， transforming growth factor-β （TGF-β）， arginase-1 （Arg-1）， and the Toll-like receptor 4 （TLR4）/NF-κB/NOD-like receptor thermal protein domain associated protein 3 （NLRP3） signaling pathway-related protein expression were detected. RESULTS Compared with the control group， the LPS group showed significant changes in cell morphology， exhibiting a typical M1 activated morphology. The fluorescence intensity of Iba-1 and iNOS， the relative expression levels of TNF-α， IL-6， IL-1β， iNOS mRNA， the relative expression levels of TLR4， NLRP3， caspase-1 p20， IL-1β p17 protein， and the phosphorylation levels of NF-κB p65 and inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa B α were significantly increased （P＜0.05）. The fluorescence intensity of CD206 and the relative expression levels of IL-4， IL-10， TGF-β， and Arg-1 mRNA were significantly reduced （P＜0.05）. Compared with the LPS group， the changes in the above indicators in the cells of the 10%RG group， 20%RG group， BAY 11-7082 group， and 20%RG+BAY 11-7082 group were significantly reversed （P＜0.05）， and there was no statistically significant difference in the comparison of the last three groups （P＞0.05）. CONCLUSIONS RG can effectively inhibit the overall activation of microglia and correct their M1/M2 polarization imbalance， and its mechanism may be closely related to the inhibition of excessive activation of the TLR4/NF-κB/NLRP3 signaling pathway.

Objective:To investigate the effect of ligation methods of inferior mesenteric artery (IMA) on preserving left colic artery (LCA) in laparoscopic radical resection of rectal cancer.Methods:The prospective randomized controlled study was conducted. The clinical data of 864 patients who underwent laparoscopic radical resection of rectal cancer at Renji Hospital of Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine from January 2020 to December 2024 were selected. Patients were randomly divided into the low ligation group and high ligation group using a random number table. Patients of the low ligation group underwent laparoscopic radical resection of rectal cancer with preserving LCA by low ligation of IMA and apical lymph node dissection, and patients of the high ligation group underwent laparoscopic radical resection of rectal cancer with traditional high ligation of IMA. Observation indicators: (1) grouping of the enrolled patients; (2) intraoperative conditions; (3) postoperative pathological examination; (4) postoperative recovery. Comparison of measurement data with normal distribution between groups was conducted using the independent sample t test. Comparison of count data between groups was conducted using the chi-square test or Fisher exact probability. Comparison of ordinal data between groups was conducted using the non-parametric test. Results:(1) Grouping of the enrolled patients. A total of 864 patients with rectal cancer who underwent laparoscopic radical resection of rectal cancer were screened for eligibility, including 410 males and 454 females, aged (63±11)years. All 864 patients were randomly divided into the low ligation group and high ligation group, with 432 patients in each group. There was no significant difference in gender, age, body mass index, carcinoembryonic antigen, distance from tumor to anal margin, diabetes, hypertension, neoadjuvant radiochemotherapy, IMA subtypes and IMA length between the two groups ( P>0.05), ensuring comparability. (2) Intraoperative conditions. All patients of the two groups successfully completed surgery, with no errors in blood vessel ligation during operation or conversion to open surgery. There was a significant difference in time of IMA dissection between the low ligation group and high ligation group [(31±11)minutes vs. (28±9)minutes, t=4.39, P<0.05], and there was no significant difference in total operation time, volume of intra-operative blood loss or prophylactic stoma rate between the two groups ( P>0.05). (3) Postopera-tive pathological examination. There was a significant difference in the number of lymph node dissected between the low ligation group and high ligation group (1.8±1.4 vs. 1.5±1.4, t=2.51, P<0.05), and there was no significant difference in tumor diameter, the total number of lymph node dissected, total lymph node positive status, No.253 lymph node positive status, TNM staging between the two groups ( P>0.05). (4) Postoperative recovery. The time to postoperative first flatus and the number of anastomotic leakage of patients in the low ligation group were (74±22)hours and 16 cases, versus (78±20)hours and 31 cases in the high ligation group, respectively, showing significant differences in the above indicators between the two groups ( t=2.52, χ2=5.06, P<0.05). There was no significant difference in the time to postoperative initial liquid food intake, duration of post-operative hospital stay, duration of abdominal drainage tube indwelling, duration of anal tube indwelling, postoperative wound infection, pulmonary infection, intestinal obstruction, or urinary dysfunction between the two groups ( P>0.05). None of patients in the two groups had readmission or death during the postoperative 30 days. Conclusion:Low ligation of IMA in laparoscopic radical resection of rectal cancer can guide precise LCA preservation, which is beneficial for accelerating the recovery of intestinal function and reducing the incidence of anastomotic leakage.

Objective:To clarify the effect of methotrexate on blood uric acid levels and the incidence of hyperuricemia in patients with rheumatic and musculoskeletal diseases (RMDs).Methods:The clinical data were collected from 349 patients with RMDs who took methotrexate for more than 52 weeks and 429 patients with RMDs who did not take methotrexate, who were treated at Anqing Medical Center of Auhui Medical University from June 1, 2022 to June 30, 2024, to compare the differences in serum uric acid concentration and the incidence of hyperuricemia before and after 24 weeks of methotrexate administration in the two groups of patients with RMDs. The changes in serum uric acid concentration and serum creatinine value in the MTX na?ve patients who had taking MTX for 0, 24 and 52 weeks were compared. The relationship between serum uric acid concentration and methotrexate dosage was analyzed. Measurement data were compared using t-test or ANOVA, repeated measures analysis of variance, and count data were compared using χ2 test. Results:①At week 0, there was no significant difference in serum uric acid concentration [(300±63)μmol/L vs. (306±64)μmol/L, t=-1.416, P=0.157] and the incidence of hyperuricemia [9.3%(40/429) vs. 10.3%(36/349) , χ2=0.215, P=0.643] between the two groups. At week24, the serum uric acid concentration (307±70)μmol/L vs. (246±89)μmol/L was statistically significantly ( t=10.909, P<0.001) different. The incidence of hyperuricemia (11.0%, 47/429) vs. (4.6%, 16/349), was statistically significantly different ( χ2=10.497, P<0.001). There was a statistically significant difference in serum uric acid concentration between week 0 and week 24 in the methotrexate group ( t=10.237, P<0.001), and there was a statistically significant difference in the incidence of hyperuricemia ( χ2=8.312, P=0.004). ②The overall serum uric acid concentrations at week 0, weeks 24, and weeks 52 were (306±64)μmol/L, (246±89)μmol/L, and (247±66)μmol/L, respectively. The difference in overall serum uric acid concentration was statistically significant ( F= 29.506, P<0.001). There was no significant difference in serum uric acid concentration between weeks 24 and 52 ( P=1.000). There were significant differences in serum creatinine levels between weeks 0, 24 and 52 ( P<0.001). There was no significant difference in serum creatinine levels between weeks 0 ,52, weeks 24 and 52 ( P=0.077, P=1.000). There were statistically significant differences in the overall serum uric acid concentration and serum creatinine value at weeks 0, 24 and 52 of medication ( P<0.001).③ There was no significant difference in serum uric acid concentration before and after taking hydroxychloroquine, cyclosporine, tripterygium wilfordii, mycophenolate mofetil, tofacitinib, etanercept and adalimumab alone for weeks 0 and 24(all P>0.05). ④There was no significant difference in serum uric acid concentration between patients taking different doses of methotrexate (7.5 mg once weekly, 10 mg once weekly, 12.5 mg once weekly, 15 mg once weekly) at weeks 0 and 24 weeks(all P>0.05). Conclusion:MTX, as an anti-rheumatic drug, reduces the serum uric acid level and the incidence of hyperuricemia in patients with RMDs during the treatment.

Body weight abnormalities, including overweight, obesity, and underweight, have become a dual public health challenge in Chinese adults: overweight and obesity lead to a variety of chronic complications, while underweight increases the risks of malnutrition, sarcopenia, and organ dysfunction. To systematically address these issues, multidisciplinary experts in endocrinology, sports science, nutrition, and psychiatry from various regions have held multiple weight management seminars. Based on the latest epidemiological data and clinical evidence, they expanded the guideline to include assessment and intervention strategies for underweight, in addition to the core content of obesity management. This guideline outlines the etiological mechanisms, evaluation methods, and multidimensional management strategies for overweight and obesity, covering key areas such as diagnosis and assessment, medical nutrition therapy, exercise prescription, pharmacological intervention, and psychological support. It is intended to provide a scientific and standardized approach to weight management across the adult population, aiming to curb the rising prevalence of obesity, mitigate complications associated with abnormal body weight, and improve nutritional status and overall quality of life.

ObjectiveTo investigate the mechanism of liver injury induced by tripterygium glycosides tablets （TG） and the molecular mechanism of compound glycyrrhizin tablets （CG） in alleviating the abnormalities of cholesterol metabolism caused by TG via cholesterol metabolism. MethodsAccording to the body weights， male Sprague-Dawley （SD） rats were randomly grouped as follows： control （pure water）， low-dose TG （TG-L， 189.0 mg·kg^-1·d^-1）， high-dose TG （TG-H， 472.5 mg·kg^-1·d^-1）， TG-L+CG （189.0 mg·kg^-1·d^-1 TG + 20.25 mg·kg^-1·d^-1 CG）， and TG-H+CG （472.5 mg·kg^-1·d^-1 TG + 20.25 mg·kg^-1·d^-1 CG）， with 6 rats in each group. Rats were administrated with corresponding drugs once daily for 3 weeks. At the end of the last administration， the mRNA and protein levels of liver X receptor-alpha （LXR-α）， low-density lipoprotein receptor （LDLR）， adenosine triphosphate-binding cassette transporter A1 （ABCA1）， adenosine triphosphate-binding cassette transporter G1 （ABCG1）， 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase （HMGCR）， cholesterol 7α-hydroxylase （CYP7A1）， cholesterol 12α-hydroxylase （CYP8B1）， and sterol 27-hydroxylase （CYP27A1） in the liver tissue were determined by Real-time PCR and Western blotting， respectively. The level of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase （HMG-CoAR）， a regulatory enzyme of cholesterol synthesis， was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA）. HepG2 cells were used to observe the effect of TG on the cell proliferation in vitro. Specifically， HepG2 cells were grouped as follows： Low-dose TG （TG-l， 15 mg·L^-1）， medium-dose TG （TG-m， 45 mg·L^-1）， high-dose TG （TG-h， 135 mg·L^-1）， fenofibrate （FB， 10 μmol·L^-1）， CG extract， TG-h+FB （135 mg·L^-1 TG + 10 μmol·L^-1 FB）， TG-m+FB （45 mg·L^-1 TG + 10 μmol·L^-1 FB）， TG-l+FB （15 mg·L^-1 TG + 10 μmol·L^-1 FB）， TG-h+CG （135 mg·L^-1 TG + 60 μmol·L^-1 CG）， TG-m+CG （45 mg·L^-1 TG + 60 μmol·L^-1 CG）， and TG-l+CG （15 mg·L^-1 TG + 60 μmol·L^-1 CG）. The mRNA and protein levels of LXR-α， ABCG1， LDLR， CYP7A1， CYP8B1， and CYP27A1 in HepG2 cells were determined by Real-time PCR and Western blotting， respectively. ResultsThe rat experiment showed that compared with the control group， the TG-H group showed down-regulated mRNA levels of CYP7A1， CYP8B1， and CYP27A1 in the liver tissue （P<0.05， P<0.01）， which were up-regulated by the application of CG （P<0.05， P<0.01）， and the TG-H+CG group showed up-regulated mRNA level of LDLR （P<0.01）. Compared with the control group， the TG-L and TG-H groups showed down-regulated protein levels of LDLR， CYP7A1， and CYP8B1 in the liver tissue （P<0.05， P<0.01）. In addition， the protein levels of ABCG1 and LXR-α were down-regulated in the TG-H and TG-L groups， respectively （P<0.05）. Compared with TG alone， TG+CG up-regulated the protein levels of ABCG1 and LDLR （P<0.05， P<0.01）， and the protein levels of CYP7A1 and CYP8B1 in the TG-H+CG group were up-regulated （P<0.05， P<0.01）. The cell experiment showed that compared with the control group， the TG-h group presented up-regulated mRNA level of LXR-α （P<0.01）， and the TG-m and TG-h groups showcased down-regulated mRNA levels of LDLR and CYP7A1 （P<0.01） and up-regulated mRNA level of CYP27A1 （P<0.01） in HepG2 cells. The combination of CG with TG restored the above changes （P<0.01）. Western blotting results showed that compared with the control group， the TG-m and TG-h groups showed down-regulated protein levels of LXR-α， ABCG1， LDLR， CYP7A1， CYP8B1， and CYP27A1 in HepG2 cells （P<0.01）. Compared with the TG-h group， the TG-h+CG group showed up-regulated protein level of LDLR （P<0.05）. Compared with the TG-m group， the TG-m+CG group showcased up-regulated protein levels of LDLR， ABCG1， CYP7A1， and CYP27A1 （P<0.05， P<0.01）. ConclusionThe administration of TG at 189.0， 472.5 mg·kg^-1 for 3 weeks could modulate the signaling pathways associated with cholesterol efflux， endocytosis， and cholesterol biotransformation in hepatocytes， leading to the accumulation of cholesterol and subsequent liver injury in rats. CG could ameliorate the liver injury induced by lipid metabolism disorders caused by TG by up-regulating the expression of LXR-α， LDLR， ABCG1， CYP7A1， CYP8B1， and CYP27A1 to promote cholesterol biotransformation.

Objective:To analyze the trend of the health literacy level of Chinese residents from 2012 to 2023 and predict the health literacy level from 2024 to 2027.Methods:The study collected data on the health literacy surveillance of Chinese residents from 2012 to 2023. The Joinpoint regression model was used to calculate the average annual percent change (AAPC) and analyze the trend. The interrupted time series analysis with Prais-Winsten transformed generalized least squares estimation was employed to investigate the impact of the"Healthy China 2030" policy on residents′ health literacy levels. Joinpoint regression, autoregressive integrated moving average model and grey forecasting models were established to select the optimal model for forecasting health literacy levels from 2024 to 2027.Results:The results showed that the health literacy level of Chinese residents increased from 8.80% in 2012 to 29.70% in 2023 (AAPC=11.65%, P<0.05). The health literacy level of urban and rural residents increased from 11.79% and 7.13% in 2012 to 33.25% and 26.23% in 2023, respectively (AAPC=9.57% and 12.60%, both P<0.05). Rural (1.59% per year) saw a lower average annual increase than urban (1.79% per year), widening the urban-rural health literacy gap. All aspects of health literacy, including basic knowledge and concepts, healthy lifestyles and behaviors, and health skills, showed an upward trend. The literacy level of six health issues—safety and first aid, scientific health views, health information, infectious disease prevention, chronic disease prevention, and basic medical care—also exhibited rising trends. Interrupted time series analysis indicated a significant further increase in the health literacy level of Chinese residents after the implementation of the "Healthy China 2030" policy, with the growth rate increasing from 0.615% per year before implementation to 2.655% per year afterwards. The Joinpoint regression model showed superior predictive performance compared to autoregressive integrated moving average model and grey forecasting models. The prediction results suggested a continued upward trend in the health literacy level from 2024 to 2027, reaching 32.68%, 35.62%, 38.84%, and 42.34%, respectively. Conclusion:From 2012 to 2023, the overall and various aspects of health literacy among Chinese residents show a continuous upward trend. This study predicts that the level of residents′ health literacy will continue to rise by 2027.

Objective:To compare postoperative anal function recovery between laparoscopic subtotal colectomy with antiperistaltic cecorectal anastomosis and laparoscopic total colectomy with ileorectal anastomosis for slow transit constipation.Methods:This multicenter retrospective cohort study enrolled patients meeting the following criteria: (1) severe constipation symptoms (<2 bowel movements/week), absent or insignificant defecation urge, abdominal distension, requiring laxatives to maintain bowel movements or laxatives being ineffective; (2) constipation symptoms for over 5 years, ineffective after >2 years of medical treatment, with strong desire for surgery; (3) significantly prolonged colon transit time (>72 hours) without significant gastric or small intestinal transit dysfunction; (4) no organic colonic lesions confirmed by colonoscopy and abdominal CT. Exclusion criteria: (1) patients undergoing open surgery; (2) exclusion of outlet obstruction constipation (e.g., rectocele, rectal prolapse, puborectalis spasm) by functional defecation MRI; (3) comorbid psychiatric disorders; (4) missing clinical data or loss to follow-up (postoperative follow-up <24 months). Based on these criteria, clinical and follow-up data were collected from 220 patients who underwent either laparoscopic subtotal colectomy with antiperistaltic cecorectal anastomosis (LSC group, n = 115) or laparoscopic total colectomy with ileorectal anastomosis (LTC group, n = 105) for slow transit constipation between January 2013 and December 2022. Subjective anal function (Constipation Severity Score and Wexner Fecal Incontinence Score) and objective anal function (positive rate of rectoanal inhibitory reflex [RAIR] and anorectal manometry) were observed preoperatively and at 6, 12, and 24 months postoperatively. Results:No significant differences were found in baseline characteristics between the two groups (all P >0.05). All surgeries were completed successfully without major significant complications. Subjective anal function assessment: At 24 months postoperatively, Constipation Severity Scores decreased significantly compared to preoperative scores in both groups [LSC group: (25.2±2.8) vs. (2.9±1.8), P <0.001; LTC group: (25.8±2.9) vs. (2.8±1.9), P<0.001]. No significant differences were found between the groups at 6, 12, and 24 months postoperatively (all P>0.05). Wexner Fecal Incontinence Scores at 24 months were significantly lower than those at 6 months in both groups [LSC group: (12.9±1.8) vs. (3.9±2.5), P<0.001; LTC group: (12.6±1.8) vs. (5.4±2.4), P<0.001]. Although no significant difference was found at 6 months ( P = 0.190), the LSC group had significantly lower Wexner scores than the LTC group at 12 and 24 months postoperatively (both P < 0.001). Objective anal function assessment: (1) Positive RAIR rate: Preoperative positive RAIR rates were 33.0% (38/115) in the LSC group and 25.7% (27/105) in the LTC group ( P > 0.05). At 24 months, positive rates increased significantly in both groups [LSC: 66.1% (76/115); LTC: 63.8% (67/105)] compared to preoperative rates (both P<0.001), but no significant differences were found between groups at 6, 12, and 24 months (all P>0.05). (2) Resting pressure (RP) and squeeze pressure (SP): No significant differences were found in preoperative RP and SP between groups (all P>0.05). The LSC group had significantly higher RP and SP than the LTC group at 6 and 12 months postoperatively (all P<0.05), but no significant differences were found at 24 months ( P>0.05). Conclusion:Both laparoscopic subtotal colectomy with antiperistaltic cecorectal anastomosis and laparoscopic total colectomy with ileorectal anastomosis are safe for patients with slow transit constipation. However, laparoscopic subtotal colectomy with antiperistaltic cecorectal anastomosis offers superior postoperative anal function recovery.

Objectives:To investigate the relationship between the improvement of lumbar symptoms and imaging parameters in patients with tandem spinal stenosis(TSS)primarily manifesting as cervical spondylotic myelopathy(CSM)after initial cervical decompression surgery,and to explore related imaging predictive factors.Methods:A retrospective analysis was conducted on 69 TSS patients who underwent primary cervical decom-pression surgery,with an average age of 64.3±10.5 years(ranging from 41 to 86 years old)and a follow-up period of 33.8±5.5 months(ranging from 24 to 48 months).Preoperative symptoms and signs,Nurick gait clas-sification,and preoperative and final follow-up Japanese Orthopaedic Association(JOA)scores for both the cer-vical and lumbar spine were recorded and analyzed.The patients were divided into an improvement group(n=37)and a non-improvement group(n=32)based on the improvement conditions of lumbar spine JOA scores at the final follow-up.Imaging parameters were measured including spinal cord compression ratio,cross-sectional area of the dural sac at the narrowest point of the cervical spinal cord,the ratio of the vertebral canal to the vertebral body and the actual spinal canal width from C3 to C7,and the actual width of the vertebral canal from L1 to L5.The conditions of spinal canal stenosis were evaluated according to the grading system of spinal canal stenosis of cervical and lumbar spine proposed by Lee et al,and the number of cervical verte-brae with a stenosis score ≥1,score at the narrowest part of cervical spinal canal,and the total score of cervical stenosis,as well as the number of lumbar vertebrae with a stenosis score ≥1,score at the narrowest part of lumbar spinal canal,and the total score of lumbar stenosis were calculated.Intergroup comparisons were performed using t tests,chi-square tests,and Mann-Whitney U tests.For the statistic data with statisti-cal differences between the two groups,receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve was used to determine op-timal thresholds for each parameter,and the area under the ROC curve(AUC)and its corresponding 95％ con-fidence interval(CI)were calculated.Multivariate logistic regression analysis was conducted to identify radiolog-ical predictive factors for non-improvement of lumbar symptoms in TSS patients.Results:The non-improvement group was significantly higher than the improvement group in the total score of lumbar stenosis(5.00±1.68 vs 2.68±1.23,P＜0.001),the number of lumbar vertebrae with a stenosis score≥1(2.47±0.84 vs 1.86±0.95,P=0.004),and the prevalence of redundant nerve roots(14/18 vs 6/13,P=0.017).The AUC of the total lumbar stenosis score was 0.864(P＜0.001,95％CI 0.779-0.950),with an optimal threshold of 3.5(sensitivity:81.3％;specificity:75.7％).The AUC of the number of lumbar vertebrae with a stenosis score ≥1 was 0.691(P=0.007;95％CI 0.565-0.817),with an optimal threshold of 1.5(sensitivity:87.5％;specificity:56.8％).Multivariate logistic regression showed that the number of lumbar spinal stenosis＞1.5(OR=1.493;95％CI 0.392-5.686;P=0.557)and presence of redundant nerve roots(OR=2.815;95％CI 0.740-10.711;P=0.129)had no significant relationship with improvement of lumbar symptoms.The total lumbar stenosis score＞3.5 was significantly related with improvement of lumbar symptoms(OR=10.983;95％CI 3.261-36.994;P＜0.001),which was an independent risk factor for non-improvement in lumbar symtoms after initial cervical decompression in TSS patients.Conclusions:When the total score of lumbar spinal stenosis exceeds 3.5 in TSS patients,the possibility of improvement in lumbar symptoms after initial cervical decompression is small.

Objective To establish the reference interval of urine Alzheimer-associated neuronal thread protein(AD7c-NTP)for healthy adults in Mianyang area using the indirect method.Methods The detection results of urine AD7c-NTP from 5 093 healthy in-dividuals were collected from the information management database of Medical Laboratory Department of Sichuan Science City Hospital from March 2017 to March 2022.Skewness-kurtosis and Kolmogorov-Smirnov tests were used to determine whether the data followed a normal distribution.After removing outliers using the Box Plots method,the enrolled subjects were grouped by gender and age.The Mann-Whitney U or Kruska-Wallis H tests were used to analyze the between-group differences of urine AD7c-NTP in healthy individu-als with different genders and ages.The adjacent age groups without statistically significant difference(P＞0.05)were combined,and the indirect method(non-parametric test method)was used to calculate the reference intervals for different gender and age groups.Results Skewness-kurtosis and Kolmogorov-Smirnov tests showed that the data followed a non-normal distribution.After removing 293 outliers using the Box Plots method,a total of 4 800 subjects,including 3 199 males and 1 601 females,were enrolled.The enrolled subjects were grouped by gender and age,and the non-parametric test method were used to establish the reference intervals of urine AD7c-NTP in healthy populations with different genders.The Mann-Whitney U test confirmed that urine AD7c-NTP levels existed gen-der differences(Z=14.09,P＜0.01),and the reference intervals for males and females were≤1.10 ng/mL and≤1.40 ng/mL,re-spectively.There were also statistical differences in urine AD7c-NTP levels among different age groups of the same gender.After combi-ning adjacent age groups without statistically significant difference(P＞0.05),the reference intervals of urine AD7c-NTP in healthy populations with different genders and ages were established by the non-parametric test method,which were≤1.00 ng/mL for male 20-39 years old group,≤1.10 ng/mL for male 40-79 years old group,≤1.60 ng/mL for male≥80 years old group,≤1.30 ng/mL for female 20-69 years old group,and≤1.60 ng/mL for female≥70 years old group,respectively.The established reference intervals of urine AD7c-NTP were further verified by healthy individuals,and the results met the standards.Conclusion The reference intervals of urine AD7c-NTP in healthy populations with different genders and ages in Mianyang area are established successfully using the indi-rect method,which may help to predict the risk of Alzheimer's disease in clinical practice and provide support for the diagnosis and treatment of the disease.

Body weight abnormalities, including overweight, obesity, and underweight, have become a dual public health challenge in Chinese adults: overweight and obesity lead to a variety of chronic complications, while underweight increases the risks of malnutrition, sarcopenia, and organ dysfunction. To systematically address these issues, multidisciplinary experts in endocrinology, sports science, nutrition, and psychiatry from various regions have held multiple weight management seminars. Based on the latest epidemiological data and clinical evidence, they expanded the guideline to include assessment and intervention strategies for underweight, in addition to the core content of obesity management. This guideline outlines the etiological mechanisms, evaluation methods, and multidimensional management strategies for overweight and obesity, covering key areas such as diagnosis and assessment, medical nutrition therapy, exercise prescription, pharmacological intervention, and psychological support. It is intended to provide a scientific and standardized approach to weight management across the adult population, aiming to curb the rising prevalence of obesity, mitigate complications associated with abnormal body weight, and improve nutritional status and overall quality of life.