Objective: To investigate the barrier membrane fixation performance and enhanced guided bone regeneration (GBR) capability of a thermosensitive adhesive containing bioactive glass nanoparticles in order to provide a novel solution for membrane fixation during GBR procedures. Methods: M2NP@BGN (methoxyethyl acrylate-co-N-isopropylacrylamide-co-protocatechuic acid@Bioactive glass nanoparticle), a thermosensitive adhesive, was synthesized via free radical polymerization by compositing methoxyethyl acrylate, N-isopropylacrylamide, and protocatechuic acid into a basic adhesive that was modified with bioactive glass nanoparticle (BGN). The successful fabrication of basic adhesive M2NP was characterized by attenuated total reflection-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The thermosensitive adhesive M2NP@BGN (BGN concentration of 1 mg/mL) was characterized by scanning electron microscopy and a rheometer. By adjusting the BGN concentration (0.1 mg/mL, 0.5 mg/mL, 1 mg/mL, and 2 mg/mL), the adhesive and mechanical strengths were investigated with a universal testing machine. Biocompatibility was evaluated with a cell counting kit-8 assay and hemolysis test to identify the optimal formulation. The optimal material’s extract was co-cultured with mouse bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells, and its osteogenic activity was examined in vitro by quantitative real-time PCR, alkaline phosphatase, and alizarin red S staining. The rat mandibular defect model was established, filled with bone graft, and divided into 3 groups based on membrane fixation method: M2NP@BGN (BGN concentration of 1 mg/mL) fixation group (M2NP@BGN), titanium nail fixation group (Nail), and unfixed control group (Negative). Bone regeneration was analyzed after 8 weeks by micro computed tomography and histological staining. Results: M2NP@BGN (BGN concentration of 1 mg/mL) was successfully synthesized and demonstrated rapid gelation under warm, humid conditions. The adhesive with a BGN concentration of 1 mg/mL exhibited the highest adhesive strength (P < 0.001) and significantly enhanced mechanical strength (P < 0.001) under 37℃ wet conditions. All formulations showed excellent biocompatibility, with cell viability > 80% and hemolysis ratio < 5%. M2NP@BGN (BGN concentration of 1 mg/mL) significantly upregulated the expression of Runx2 and Col I (P < 0.001) and enhanced the activity of osteogenic differentiation markers (P < 0.05). In the animal model, the M2NP@BGN group (BGN concentration of 1 mg/mL) achieved significantly higher bone volume fraction and better bone maturity compared to the negative and nail groups (P < 0.05). Conclusion M2NP@BGN (BGN concentration of 1 mg/mL) combines excellent wet adhesion with potent osteogenic activity, enhances the bone augmentation efficacy of membranes, and presents a novel fixation strategy with significant clinical translation potential for GBR therapy.

OBJECTIVES: The application of photodynamic therapy in solid tumors has attracted increasing attention in recent years, and the efficiency of photosensitizers is a crucial determinant of therapeutic efficacy. This study aims to evaluate the cytotoxic effects of a novel photosensitizer, PEG-MTPABZ-PyC, in photodynamic therapy against gastric cancer cells. METHODS: Gastric cancer MKN45 cells were treated with PEG-MTPABZ-PyC. A high-content live-cell imaging system was used to assess the cellular uptake kinetics and subcellular localization of the photosensitizer. The cytotoxic effects of PEG-MTPABZ-PyC-mediated photodynamic therapy were examined using the cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay and flow cytometry, while the intrinsic cytotoxicity of the photosensitizer alone was verified by the CCK-8 assay. Intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation after photodynamic therapy was detected using 2'-7'-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate (DCFH-DA). RESULTS: PEG-MTPABZ-PyC alone exhibited no cytotoxicity toward MKN45 cells, indicating excellent cytocompatibility. The compound efficiently entered cells within 6 hours and localized predominantly in lysosomes. Upon light irradiation, PEG-MTPABZ-PyC-mediated photodynamic therapy induced significant cytotoxicity compared with the control group (P<0.05) and generated abundant intracellular ROS. CONCLUSIONS The novel photosensitizer PEG-MTPABZ-PyC demonstrates potent photodynamic cytotoxicity against gastric cancer cells, showing promising potential for further development in gastric cancer photodynamic therapy.
Humans ; Stomach Neoplasms/drug therapy* ; Photochemotherapy/methods* ; Photosensitizing Agents/pharmacology* ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Polyethylene Glycols/chemistry* ; Reactive Oxygen Species/metabolism* ; Mesoporphyrins/pharmacology*

The pharmaceutical industry faces challenges in quality digitization for complex multi-stage processes, especially in small-sample systems. Here, an intelligent quality prediction and diagnostic (IQPD) framework was developed and applied to Tong Ren Tang's Niuhuang Qingxin Pills, utilizing four years of data collected from four production units, covering the entire process from raw materials to finished products. In this framework, a novel path-enhanced double ensemble quality prediction model (PeDGAT) is proposed, which combines a graph attention network and path information to encode inter-unit long-range and sequential dependencies. Additionally, the double ensemble strategy enhances model stability in small samples. Compared to global traditional models, PeDGAT achieves state-of-the-art results, with an average improvement of 13.18% and 87.67% in prediction accuracy and stability on three indicators. Additionally, a more in-depth diagnostic model leveraging grey correlation analysis and expert knowledge reduces reliance on large samples, offering a panoramic view of attribute relationships across units and improving process transparency. Finally, the IQPD framework integrates into a Human-Cyber-Physical system, enabling faster decision-making and real-time quality adjustments for Tong Ren Tang's Niuhuang Qingxin Pills, a product with annual sales exceeding 100 million CNY. This facilitates the transition from experience-driven to data-driven manufacturing.

The diagnosis of hematological disorders is currently established from the combined results of different tests, including those assessing morphology (M), immunophenotype (I), cytogenetics (C), and molecular biology (M) (collectively known as the MICM classification). In this workflow, most of the results are interpreted manually (i.e., by a human, without automation), which is expertise-dependent, labor-intensive, time-consuming, and with inherent interobserver variability. Also, with advances in instruments and technologies, the data is gaining higher dimensionality and throughput, making additional challenges for manual analysis. Recently, artificial intelligence (AI) has emerged as a promising tool in clinical hematology to ensure timely diagnosis, precise risk stratification, and treatment success. In this review, we summarize the current advances, limitations, and challenges of AI models and raise potential strategies for improving their performance in each sector of the MICM pipeline. Finally, we share perspectives, highlight future directions, and call for extensive interdisciplinary cooperation to perfect AI with wise human-level strategies and promote its integration into the clinical workflow.

Objective:To explore the trend of mortality rates for female breast cancer in China and quantify the impact of demographic and non-demographic factors on the burden of breast cancer mortality.Methods:Mortality data for female breast cancer from 2013 to 2021 were extracted from the Chinese Cause of Death Monitoring Dataset, and the 2000 Chinese population census data were used to standardize the mortality rates. The Joinpoint software was employed to analyze the mortality trends by calculating the Annual Percentage Change (APC) and Average Annual Percentage Change (AAPC). The population decomposition method was utilized to quantify the impact of changes in population age structure, population size, and non-demographic factors on the burden of breast cancer mortality.Results:From 2013 to 2021, the crude mortality rate for female breast cancer in China showed an increasing trend, with an AAPC of 2.3% (95% CI: 1.7%-2.9%). The standardized mortality rate remained relatively stable, with an AAPC of -0.2% (95% CI: -1.6%-1.3%). However, Joinpoint trend analysis indicated that the standardized mortality rate had a turning point in 2017, with a rapid increase before this year (APC: 3.9%, 95% CI: 1.1%-6.9%), and a rapid decline after this year (APC: -4.1%, 95% CI: -6.8% to -1.4%). The growth speed of crude mortality rates in rural areas was higher than that in urban areas, with AAPCs of 3.0% (95% CI: 2.4%-3.5%) and 1.3% (95% CI: 0.4%-2.2%), respectively. The standardized mortality rate in rural areas remained relatively stable, with an AAPC of 0.6% (95% CI: -1.0%-2.2%), while in urban areas, it showed a decreasing trend, with an AAPC of -1.1% (95% CI: -2.2%-0.0%). In the eastern, central, and western regions, the crude mortality rates all showed an increasing trend, with AAPCs of 1.7% (95% CI: 0.7%-2.8%), 3.8% (95% CI: 2.5%-5.2%), and 2.2% (95% CI: 0.5%-4.0%), respectively, while the standardized mortality rates remained relatively stable, with AAPCs of -0.3% (95% CI: -1.7%-1.2%), 0.6% (95% CI: -1.2%-2.4%), and 0.0% (95% CI: -2.2%-2.2%), respectively. Compared with 2013, the number of deaths in 2021 increased by 42.8%, of which changes in population age structure accounted for 21.3%, the age structure changes of urban and rural residents contributed 22.8% and 19.2%, respectively, to the whole changes caused by population age structure, while those in the eastern, central, and western regions contributed 20.6%, 24.3%, and 15.9%, respectively.Demographically, the changes in population size accounted for 18.3%, and non-demographic factors only accounted for 3.2%. Conclusions:From 2013 to 2021, the crude mortality rate for female breast cancer in China continued to rise, a trend mainly influenced by population age structure, with the fastest growth rates in crude mortality rates observed in rural areas and the central region. After adjusted for age structure, the standardized mortality rate for female breast cancer in China began to decline from 2017.

Purpose To investigate the correlation between the methylation level at CpG sites of CXCL17 and the clinicopathological parameters of papillary thyroid carcinoma(PTC).Methods samples from 186 cases of PTC and 191 cases of benign thyroid nodule(BTN)were collected.Methylation levels of CXCL17 were semi-quantitatively as-sessed using mass spectrometry.Logistic regression analysis,which adjusted for age,gender and related hormones,was conducted to evaluate the correlation between CXCL17 methylation and PTC,and calculate the odds ratios(ORs)and 95％confidence intervals(CIs).Results Hypomethylation level of CXCL17_CpG_1.2 was significantly associat-ed with PTC(OR=1.36,95％CI:1.16-1.60,P＜0.001)and early stage of PTC patients(Stage Ⅰ,OR=1.41,95％CI:1.19-1.67,P＜0.001).Gender-based hierarchical management analysis showed that decreased methyla-tion level of CXCL17_CpG_1.2 was significantly associated with female PTC patients(OR=1.39,95％CI:1.15-1.67,P＜0.001).In subgroups stratified by age(＜50 and≥50 years old),hypomethylation at CXCL17_CpG_1.2 was significantly associated with PTC,with a stronger association in the younger subgroup(＜50 years old:OR=1.42,95％CI:1.14-1.77,P＜0.01;≥ 50 years old:OR=1.30,95％CI:1.03-1.64,P＜0.05).Conclusion There was a significant difference in CXCL17 methylation levels between benign and malignant thyroid tumors.It was showed that hypomethylation of CXCL17 is closely associated with PTC,particularly in young women patient.Thus,CXCL17 methylation may serve as a biomarker for accurate differential diagnosis of thyroid nodule.

Objective:To construct a hierarchical training course system for neonatal nurses based on core competencies, to provide a reference for meeting the training needs of neonatal nurses under the new situation.Methods:Through literature review, questionnaire survey on training needs, and focus group interviews, a preliminary hierarchical training curriculum system for neonatal nurses was developed. Two rounds of Delphi correspondence were conducted with 19 domestic experts to finalize the system.Results:The effective questionnaire recovery rates of the two rounds of expert consultation were 95.00% and 100.00%, and the expert authority coefficient was 0.916, the Kendall harmony coefficient of the first round of expert opinions was 0.351 ( P<0.001), and the Kendall harmony coefficient of the second round of expert opinions was 0.463 ( P<0.001). The hierarchical training course structure and course training content are formed, including N0: 3 first-level items, 9 second-level items, 80 third-level items, N1: 3 first-level items, 9 second-level items, 91 third-level items, N2: 3 first-level items, 9 second-level items, 86 third-level items, N3: 3 first-level items, 10 second-level items, 81 third-level items, N4: 3 first-level items, 10 second-level items, 76 third-level items. Conclusions:The hierarchical training course system for neonatal nurses based on the core competence of nurses is scientific and practical, which can provide a reference for the hierarchical training of neonatal nurses.

The purpose of this study was to understand the epidemiological and biological character-istics of Clostridium perfringens in avian origin in Yangzhou.A total of 200 intestinal samples(90 from chickens and 110 from ducks)collected from different markets were isolated and identified by isolation and culture,morphological observation,staining microscopy,biochemical tests and other methods,antimicrobial susceptibility test by K-B paper method,and toxin type of isolated bacteria was detected by PCR.Five isolates were screened according to the characteristics of host origin,se-rotype and drug resistance,and multi-locus sequence typing analysis was carried out,and a phylo-genetic tree based on α toxin gene sequences was constructed for isolates from different sources.After morphological and molecular biological identification,a total of 61 strains of Clostridium perfringens were isolated,and the isolation rate was 30.5％,all of which were type A.The antimi-crobial susceptibility results showed that the isolate had the highest resistance rate to amikacin,followed by tetracycline and cotrimoxazole,and was more sensitive to ceftriaxone,penicillin,amoxicillin and imipenem.Multi-drug resistance is very serious,with six or more strains resistant to antibiotics emerging in every market.A total of five different ST types(STs)were found by multi-site sequence analysis,namely ST833,ST834,ST363,ST835,and ST837,and all of them were new ST types except ST363.The information from ST 363 is consistent with clinical isolate of Clostridium perfringens,suggesting that more attention needs to be paid to zoonotic diseases caused by Clostridium perfringens.The α toxin genes of the five isolates were located in four dif-ferent branches in the phylogenetic tree,indicating their genetic diversity,while the isolates from different provenances of the same source were located in the same branch,indicating that they had a closer evolutionary relationship.The Clostridium perfringens from poultry in Yangzhou are mainly type A,and with severe drug resistance and multi-drug resistance present.This research provides scientific evidence for the epidemiology and control of Clostridium perfringens.

IL-32 is a multifunctional cytokine with both pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory properties.It has been proved that expression of IL-32 increases with progression of gastric mucosal diseases and severity of gastric cancer(GC),thus participating in process of gastric"inflammation-cancer"transformation.However,how IL-32 affects malignant transformation of gastric"inflamma-tion-cancer"and finally leads to adverse outcome of GC invasion and migration is still controversial.In order to better clarify regulatory effect and possible mechanism of abnormal expression of IL-32 on different histopathological stages of gastric"inflammation-cancer"transformation,and to explore new directions and breakthroughs in molecular mechanism of early truncation and treatment of gastric precancerous lesion(GPL),we searched literatures related to IL-32 in six authoritative databases at home and abroad,such as Pubmed,Web of Science and CNKI,in past 30 years.It was found that pathogenicity or protective function of IL-32 in different histo-pathological stages of gastric"inflammation-cancer"transformation depended on its different subtypes,secretory forms,surrounding cytokine environment,disease status and genetic factors.IL-32 may regulate polarization of macrophages through NF-κB,MAPK,COX2,PR3,IDO,NOD,PKCδ,FAK and STAT3,amplify or inhibit chronic inflammatory stimulation of gastric mucosa,and thus participate in process of gastric"inflammation-cancer"transformation.Our new understanding of role of IL-32 in different stages of Cor-rea cascade may contribute to development of cytokine-directed therapy,and therapy aimed at regulating different alternative splicing subtypes of IL-32 and targeting IL-32 signals can be used as a new strategy for medical treatment of GPL and GC in future.

The buttocks constitute a pivotal component of physical aesthetics. The achievement of graceful buttocks’ shape through body sculpture is the collective pursuit among patients and plastic surgeons. Gluteal ptosis is a prevalent factor detrimentally impacting the aesthetic integrity of the buttocks. The damages of infragluteal fold often precipitate gluteal ptosis which proves challenging to rectify due to its unique and sophisticated anatomy. There is an inadequacy in researches of the supporting structures associated with buttock sagging, the diagnosis of unfavorable shapes and corrective surgical interventions both domestically and internationally. This paper aims to present a comprehensive review of both the diagnosis and corrective surgical method of gluteal ptosis, with description of indications, advantages and disadvantages, as well as surgical principles of related procedures, to provide a substantive reference for plastic surgeons in clinical practice.