Natural antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are promising candidates for the development of a new generation of antimicrobials to combat antibiotic-resistant pathogens. They have found extensive applications in the fields of medicine, food, and agriculture. However, efficiently screening AMPs from natural sources poses several challenges, including low efficiency and high antibiotic resistance. This review focuses on the action mechanisms of AMPs, both through membrane and non-membrane routes. We thoroughly examine various highly efficient AMP screening methods, including whole-bacterial adsorption binding, cell membrane chromatography (CMC), phospholipid membrane chromatography binding, membrane-mediated capillary electrophoresis (CE), colorimetric assays, thin layer chromatography (TLC), fluorescence-based screening, genetic sequencing-based analysis, computational mining of AMP databases, and virtual screening methods. Additionally, we discuss potential developmental applications for enhancing the efficiency of AMP discovery. This review provides a comprehensive framework for identifying AMPs within complex natural product systems.

[Objective]To evaluate the knowledge,attitude and practice(KAP)of medication use and safety among the patients with acquired immune deficiency syndrome(AIDS)in a 3A-grade hospital of Guangzhou city,and to provide scientific basis for AIDS prevention and treatment.[Methods]A questionnaire survey was conducted among AIDS patients aged 18 years and above in our hospital to investigate their KAP regarding medication use and safety.[Results]A total of 549 questionnaires were collected,of which 503 were valid,with an effective recovery rate of 91.6%.The average scores of KAP were(14.58±8.49),(25.21±6.92)and(47.58±3.33),respectively,with the scoring rates of 36.46%,63.02%,and 95.16%,respectively.There were statistically significant differences(P＜0.05)in knowledge scores among people with different ages,education levels and occupations.Multiple linear regression showed that education level and medical insurance status had most significant impact on knowledge scores(P<0.05).Significant differences were found in attitude scores among people with different education levels(P<0.05),as well as in practice scores among people with different occupations(P<0.05).Multiple linear regression revealed that age,occupation,knowledge score and attitude score had a significant impact on practice scores(P<0.05).Patients expected to receive pharmaceutical care services from the pharmacists via face-to-face communication,network platform and telephone consultation on medication knowledge such as adverse drug reactions and response measures,drug-drug interactions,missed medication and response measures,medication adherence measures,etc.[Conclusions]AIDS patients in this hospital have a good awareness of medication safety,but their knowledge of medication use needs improvement.Some bad habits may affect their compliance,resulting in safety hazards.Therefore,there is an urgent demand for pharmaceutical care services related to rational drug use.

Building on a clear understanding of the diagnosis and treatment patterns for cold-damp epidemics， and incorporating the insights of Academician TONG Xiaolin regarding the differentiation and treatment of such epidemics， this article have distilled the key diagnostic principles. These principles primarily entail observing color and pulse， initially distinguishing between yin and yang， with treatment focusing on dispelling cold and dampness. A comprehensive approach is adopted throughout treatment， with a combination of overall strategies and tailored treatments that evolve in line with the patient's condition. In critical and severe cases， particular attention is given to aspects such as sweating， pulse analysis， and consciousness， preventing the pathogen from penetrating deeply. Efforts are made to open and close organ networks， expelling external pathogens without fixating on resolving constipation. The dosage and efficacy of herbal remedies are adjusted based on individual circumstances and clinical symptoms. The objective is to eliminate pathogens comprehensively， while being vigilant against relapses， ultimately achieving a full recovery. This overview of the thought processes and clinical principles for diagnosing and treating cold-damp epidemics will guide precise clinical practices and provide a theoretical foundation for the involvement of traditional Chinese medicine in epidemic prevention and treatment.

OBJECTIVE To study the correlation between processing time, chroma value and UPLC fingerprint map of Dipsaci Radix. METHODS Established the UPLC fingerprint of Dipsaci Radix. Monitored the changes of chemical components in the processing process of wine and salt processed Dipsaci Radix, spectrophotometer was used to objectively quantify the chroma value of different processed products. SPSS 20.0 and SIMCA 14.0 statistical software was used to analyze the correlation between processing time and chroma value and fingerprint. RESULTS In the process of processing, the decoction pieces color of the powder deepened and L*, b* and E* values decreased. The correlation analysis showed that the processing time was significantly correlated with the chroma value and fingerprint of decoction pieces. CONCLUSION The method of UPLC fingerprint is stabled and reliabled, combines with the objective discriminant analysis of the chroma value of the Dipsaci Radix processed products, which lay the foundation for standardizing the processing technology of wine and salt processed products and evaluating the quality of Dipsaci Radix.

OBJECTIVE：To establish the UPLC fingerprint of Polygonum cuspidatum ，and to determine the contents of four active ingredients and to provide reference for the quality evaluation of P. cuspidatum . METHODS ：The determination was performed on Waters BEH C 18 column（100 mm×2.1 mm，1.7 μm）with mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile- 0.2％ formic acid （gradient elution ）at flow rate of 0.4 mL/min. The column temperature was 40 ℃，and detection wavelength was 290 nm. The sample size was 1 μL. The fingerprints were evaluated by similarity calculation，cluster analysis and orthogonal partial least square discriminant analysis （OPLS-DA）. Using polydatin as internal standard ，relative calibration factors of resveratrol ，emodin-8-O- β-D-glucoside and emodin were determined to develop a method of QAMS. The contents of 4 above components in 15 batches of P. cuspidatum were calculated by relative calibration factors. The results of QAMS were compared with those of external standard. RESULTS：UPLC fingerprints of 15 batches of P. cuspidatum were established ，and 12 common peaks were confirmed. Five components were identified ，i.e. polydatin ，resveratrol，emodin-8-O-β-D-glucoside，emodin，emodin methyl ether. The fingerprint similarity of 15 batches of P. cuspidatum was in the range of 0.865-0.976. According to cluster analysis ，15 batches of P. cuspidatum were classified into 4 categories，showing certain regularity of origin. Seven markers were identified by OPLS-DA method. The order of difference significance was peak 7＞emodin-8-O-β-D-glucoside＞resveratrol＞peak 8＞polydatin＞peak 1＞ peak 10. The relative deviation among the contents of resveratrol ，emodin-8-O-β-D-glucoside and emodin in 15 batches of P. cuspidatum determined by QAMS and external standard method was less than 5.0％，indicating that there was no significant difference between the two methods. CONCLUSIONS ：UPLC fingerprint combined with QAMS method is convenient and reliable for the quality evaluation of P. cuspidatum ；the quality of P. cuspidatum produced in Chongqing and Anhui province is better.

OBJECTIVE：To establish UPLC fingerpri nt of Ligusticum sinense ，Ligusticum jeholense and Conioselinum vaginatium，and to conduct their chemometrics analysis so as to provide reference for the identification of Rhizoma Ligustici from different origins. METHODS ：UPLC method combined with Similarity Evaluation System of TCM Chromatographic Fingerprints （2012 edition） were used to establish the fingerprints of Rhizoma Ligustici from different origins. Chromatographic peak identification and similarity evaluation were carried out. Cluster analysis （CA），principal component analysis （PCA） and orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis （OPLS-DA）were performed to analyze Rhizoma Ligustici from different origins，and screen differential components. RESULTS ：Totally 13，11，11 characteristic peaks were identified in UPLC fingerprints of L. sinense ，L. jeholense and C. vaginatium ，respectively. Similarity evaluation showed that the similarity between C. vaginatium and L. jeholense were 0.312-0.541；that between C. vaginatium and L. sinense were 0.324-0.682；that between L. sinense and L. jeholense were 0.312-0.671，indicating there was great difference among Rhizoma Ligustici from different origins. CA，PCA and OPLS-DA showed that Rhizoma Ligustici from different origins were clustered into each category respectively ； chemical components represented by peak 10，peak 13，peak 12，peak 7 and peak 6 were differential components for Rhizoma Ligustici from 3 origins. CONCLUSIONS ：The study establishes UPLC fingerprint of Rhizoma Ligustici from different origins ， and screens 5 differential components ，which can be used to identify Rhizoma Ligustici from different origins.

Resource utilization is an effective way to cope with the rapid increase of kitchen waste and excess sludge, and volatile fatty acids produced by anaerobic fermentation is an important way of recycling organic waste. However, the single substrate limits the efficient production of volatile fatty acids. In recent years, volatile fatty acids produced by anaerobic co-fermentation using different substrates has been widely studied and applied. In this paper, we analyze the characteristics of fermentation to produce acid using kitchen waste and excess sludge alone or mixture. Influences of environmental factors and microbial community structure on the type and yield of volatile fatty acids in the anaerobic fermentation system are discussed in detail. Moreover, we propose future research directions, to provide a reference for recycling kitchen waste and excess sludge.
Anaerobiosis ; Bioreactors ; Fatty Acids, Volatile ; Fermentation ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Microbiota ; Organic Chemicals ; Sewage

Unrestrained inflammation is harmful to tissue repair and regeneration. Immune cell membrane-camouflaged nanoparticles have been proven to show promise as inflammation targets and multitargeted inflammation controls in the treatment of severe inflammation. Prevention and early intervention of inflammation can reduce the risk of irreversible tissue damage and loss of function, but no cell membrane-camouflaged nanotechnology has been reported to achieve stage-specific treatment in these conditions. In this study, we investigated the prophylactic and therapeutic efficacy of fibroblast membrane-camouflaged nanoparticles for topical treatment of early inflammation (early pulpitis as the model) with the help of in-depth bioinformatics and molecular biology investigations in vitro and in vivo. Nanoparticles have been proven to act as sentinels to detect and competitively neutralize invasive Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide (E. coli LPS) with resident fibroblasts to effectively inhibit the activation of intricate signaling pathways. Moreover, nanoparticles can alleviate the secretion of multiple inflammatory cytokines to achieve multitargeted anti-inflammatory effects, attenuating inflammatory conditions in the early stage. Our work verified the feasibility of fibroblast membrane-camouflaged nanoparticles for inflammation treatment in the early stage, which widens the potential cell types for inflammation regulation.
Escherichia coli ; Fibroblasts ; Humans ; Inflammation/drug therapy* ; Nanoparticles

Objective:To explore the effect of prominent mandibular angle osteotomy on the quality of life, mental health and social function, as well as the factors related to the postoperative satisfaction.Methods:A total of 235 patients with prominent mandibular angle were collected from the Department of Plastic Surgery, Union Hospital Affiliated to Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology from December 2016 to December 2019. All patients underwent intraoral mandibular angle osteotomy. The Chinese version of FACE-Q questionnaire was used to evaluate their facial appearance, quality of life, mental health and social function before and 6 months after operation. The higher the score (0-100), the higher the satisfaction. Paired t-test was used to analyze the differences between preoperative and postoperative result, and stepwise regression analysis was used to explore the factors affecting postoperative satisfaction. Results:A total of 83 people completed the questionnaires, including 12 males and 71 females. Educational level was recorded as: 1 person graduated from junior high school, 11 people from senior high school, 54 people obtained a bachelor’s degree, 17 people obtained a master’s degree or above, with an average age of 25.8 years old. One patient was not satisfied, and the other patients were satisfied. The scores of different dimensions after operation were significantly higher than those before operation. The satisfaction with lower face and mandible increased by 32.54 ±13.77, and the satisfaction with chin increased by 8.17 ±10.97. The overall facial appearance satisfaction, mental health and social function (self-confidence) increased by 31.42 ±15.67, 18.17 ±16.39 and 14.11 ±13.34 respectively. There were significant differences in FACE-Q scores in different dimensions among patients with different educational levels. It was found by Pearson’s relevant research that there was a positive correlation between the influence of psychological function and social function on patients’ satisfaction ( r: 0.482-0.806, P<0.001). By stepwise regression analysis, it was found that the postoperative mandibular contour and the beauty of the lower face had a significant positive effect on the outcome satisfaction ( B>0, P<0.05, R2=0.584). Conclusions:The facial appearance, quality of life, mental health and social function (self-confidence) of the patients after mandibular angle operation were improved. Patients’ satisfaction after operation is affected by many factors, among which the most important and most likely factor is the post-operative mandibular contour and the appearance of the lower face. Meanwhile, it is also closely related to educational level, psychological function and social function.

Objective:To explore the effect of prominent mandibular angle osteotomy on the quality of life, mental health and social function, as well as the factors related to the postoperative satisfaction.Methods:A total of 235 patients with prominent mandibular angle were collected from the Department of Plastic Surgery, Union Hospital Affiliated to Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology from December 2016 to December 2019. All patients underwent intraoral mandibular angle osteotomy. The Chinese version of FACE-Q questionnaire was used to evaluate their facial appearance, quality of life, mental health and social function before and 6 months after operation. The higher the score (0-100), the higher the satisfaction. Paired t-test was used to analyze the differences between preoperative and postoperative result, and stepwise regression analysis was used to explore the factors affecting postoperative satisfaction. Results:A total of 83 people completed the questionnaires, including 12 males and 71 females. Educational level was recorded as: 1 person graduated from junior high school, 11 people from senior high school, 54 people obtained a bachelor’s degree, 17 people obtained a master’s degree or above, with an average age of 25.8 years old. One patient was not satisfied, and the other patients were satisfied. The scores of different dimensions after operation were significantly higher than those before operation. The satisfaction with lower face and mandible increased by 32.54 ±13.77, and the satisfaction with chin increased by 8.17 ±10.97. The overall facial appearance satisfaction, mental health and social function (self-confidence) increased by 31.42 ±15.67, 18.17 ±16.39 and 14.11 ±13.34 respectively. There were significant differences in FACE-Q scores in different dimensions among patients with different educational levels. It was found by Pearson’s relevant research that there was a positive correlation between the influence of psychological function and social function on patients’ satisfaction ( r: 0.482-0.806, P<0.001). By stepwise regression analysis, it was found that the postoperative mandibular contour and the beauty of the lower face had a significant positive effect on the outcome satisfaction ( B>0, P<0.05, R2=0.584). Conclusions:The facial appearance, quality of life, mental health and social function (self-confidence) of the patients after mandibular angle operation were improved. Patients’ satisfaction after operation is affected by many factors, among which the most important and most likely factor is the post-operative mandibular contour and the appearance of the lower face. Meanwhile, it is also closely related to educational level, psychological function and social function.