The concept of "qi deficiency with stagnation" refers to a pathological state characterized by the depletion of primordial qi， impaired qi transformation， and the development of internal stagnation. Under the cyclic chemotherapy regimen in oncology， chemotherapy-induced myelosuppression follows a progressive pathological course from qi deficiency to increasing stagnation. This sequential evolution from mild to severe myelosuppression closely aligns with the dynamic syndrome differentiation and treatment framework of "qi deficiency with stagnation". "Qi deficiency" reflects the gradual depletion of qi， blood， and essence， while "stagnation" refers to the accumulation of phlegm， turbid dampness， and blood stasis. These two components interact reciprocally， forming a vicious cycle where deficiency leads to stagnation， and stagnation further damages the healthy qi. In the early stage of mild myelosuppression， chemotoxicity begins to accumulate in the bone marrow， leading to qi consumption， blood deficiency， yin injury， and the gradual formation of turbid phlegm and damp stagnation. In the advanced stage of severe myelosuppression， the accumulation of toxicity causes qi sinking， exhaustion of essence， and marrow depletion， along with blood stasis obstructing the collaterals. Treatment strategies should be based on syndrome differentiation， with an emphasis on assessing the severity of the condition， balancing deficiency and excess， and achieving both symptomatic relief and root cause resolution.

Following the release of the Technical Requirements on Quality Control and Standard Establishment of Traditional Chinese Medicine Formula Granules by the National Medical Products Administration in 2021, Chinese Pharmacopoeia Commission has promulgated 296 national drug standards so far, and most provinces have started the work of establishing provincial standards as supplements. The promulgation of standards fostered high-quality development of the industry. Since the implementation of national and provincial standards for more than three years, enterprises have gained deep understanding and hands-on experiences on the characteristics, technical requirements, production process, and quality control of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) formula granules. Meanwhile, challenges have emerged restricting the high-quality development of this industry, including how to formulate quality control strategies for medicinal materials and decoction pieces, how to reduce manufacturing costs, and how to improve the pass rate and product stability under high standards. Based on the work experiences from standard management and process research, this article analyzed the distribution of sources, processing methods, dry extract rate ranges, process requirements for volatile oil-containing decoction pieces, control measures of safety indices, characteristics and trends of setting characteristic chromatograms or fingerprints, characteristics and trends of setting content ranges, and main differences between national standards and provincial standards. On the one hand, this article aims to present main characteristics for deeply understanding different indicators in standards and provide basic ideas for establishing quality and process control systems. On the other hand, from the perspective of industrial practice, suggestions are put forward on the important aspects that need to be focused on in the quality and process control of TCM formula granules.
Drugs, Chinese Herbal/chemistry* ; Quality Control ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional/standards* ; China ; Drug Industry/standards*

Flowering and bolting are important agronomic traits in cruciferous crops such as Brassica juncea. Timely flowering can ensure the crop organ yield and quality, as well as seed propagation. The WRKY family plays an important role in regulating plant bolting and flowering, while the function and mechanism of WRKY12 in B. juncea remain unknown. To explore its function and mechanism in bolting and flowering of B. juncea, we cloned and characterized the BjuWRKY12 gene in B. juncea and found that its expression levels were significantly higher in flowers and inflorescences than in leaves. BjuWRKY12 belonged to the Ⅱc subfamily of the WRKY family, and subcellular localization indicated that the protein was located in the nucleus. Ectopic overexpression of BjuWRKY12 in transgenic lines promoted bolting and flowering, leading to significant increases in the expression levels of flowering integrators SOC1 and FUL. Furthermore, yeast one-hybrid and dual luciferase reporter system assays confirmed that BjuWRKY12 directly bound to the promoters of BjuSOC1 and BjuFUL, undergoing protein-DNA interactions. This discovery gives new insights into the regulation network and molecular mechanisms of BjuWRKY12, laying a theoretical foundation for the breeding of high-yield and high-quality varieties of B. juncea.
Mustard Plant/metabolism* ; Flowers/growth & development* ; Plant Proteins/physiology* ; Promoter Regions, Genetic/genetics* ; Gene Expression Regulation, Plant ; Plants, Genetically Modified/genetics* ; Transcription Factors/metabolism* ; MADS Domain Proteins/metabolism*

ObjectiveTo observe the effect of Tongxie Yaofang on the function of tumor-related natural killer （NK） cells under chronic stress and explore the possible molecular mechanism. MethodFifty SPF-grade BABL/C male mice were randomized into normal， model， and low-， medium-， and high-dose （6.825， 13.65， and 27.3 g·kg^-1， respectively） Tongxie Yaofang groups， with 10 mice in each group. Other groups except the blank group were subjected to 7 days of chronic restraint stress， and then forced swimming and tail suspension tests were carried out to evaluate the modeling performance. After the successful modeling， rats in Tongxie Yaofang groups were administrated with low-， medium-， and high-doses of Tongxie Yaofang by gavage， while those in the other groups were administrated with normal saline by gavage. After 14 days， each group of mice was inoculated with subcutaneous colon cancer to establish the model of colon cancer under chronic stress. The pathological changes of the tumor tissue in each group of mice were observed using hematoxylin-eosin （HE） staining. The content of CD49b-positive cells in the peripheral blood and tumor tissue of mice was measured by flow cytometry. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA） was employed to measure the content of molecules associated with NK cell activation in the peripheral blood. Western blot was employed to determine the protein levels of major histocompatibility complex class Ⅰ polypeptide-related sequences A and B （MICA+MICB） and UL-16-binding protein 1 （ULBP1） in the tumor tissue. ResultCompared with the normal group， the model group showed a decrease in 5-hydroxytryptamine （5-HT） content and an increase in corticosterone （CORT） content in the serum （P<0.05）. Compared with the model group， Tongxie Yaofang increased the 5-HT content and decreased the CORT content （P<0.05， P<0.01）. Compared with the normal group， the modeling increased the tumor volume and weight （P<0.05）， while Tongxie Yaofang inhibited such increases with no statistical significance. The tumor cells in the model group presented neat arrangement， irregular shape， uneven size， obvious atypia， common nuclear division， and small necrotic area， and blood vessels were abundant surrounding the tumor cells. Compared with the model group， Tongxie Yaofang groups showed sparse arrangement of tumor cells， different degrees of patchy necrosis areas in the tumor， and karyorrhexis， dissolution， and nuclear debris in the necrotic part. Compared with the normal group， the model group showed reduced CD49b-positive cells in the peripheral blood and tumor tissue （P<0.01）. Compared with the model group， Tongxie Yaofang increased CD49b-positive cells （medium dose P<0.01， high dose P<0.05， P<0.01）. Compared with the normal group， the modeling lowered the serum levels of granzymes-B （Gzms-B）， perforin （PF）， interferon （IFN）-γ， and tumor necrosis factor （TNF）-α （P<0.05， P<0.01）. Compared with the model group， low-dose Tongxie Yaofang elevated the serum levels of PF， Gzms-B， and TNF-α （P<0.05， P<0.01）， and medium-dose Tongxie Yaofang elevated the serum levels of Gzms-B， PF， IFN-γ， and TNF-α （P<0.05， P<0.01）. In addition， high-dose Tongxie Yaofang elevated the serum levels of PF， IFN-γ， and TNF-α （P<0.01）. Compared with the normal group， the model group presented down-regulated protein level of ULBP1 （P<0.05）. Compared with the model group， low-， medium-， and high-dose Tongxie Yaofang up-regulated the protein level of ULBP1 （P<0.05， P<0.01）， and medium- and high-dose Tongxie Yaofang up-regulated the protein level of MICA+MICB （P<0.05， P<0.01）. ConclusionTongxie Yaofang may promote NK cell activation by up-regulating the expression of MICA+MICB and ULBP1， thereby delaying the progression of colon cancer under chronic stress.

Objective To establish a risk assessment model based infectious disease early warning system and promote the improvement of infectious disease management level.Methods By collecting and organizing the latest research results,and referring to the theoretical framework of the relevant infectious disease early warning evaluation index system,a risk assessment model based infectious disease early warning system is constructed.Results A total of 12 experts were included in this study,and three primary indicators were selected,including pre-epidemic indicators,typical symptom period indicators,atypical symp-tom period indicators,and 7 secondary indicators.The average score for necessity of the system was 8.27±0.24 points,and the average score for accessibility was 7.74±0.34 points.Conclusion The establishment of an infectious disease early warning sys-tem based on risk assessment models is conducive to timely following the epidemic trend of infectious diseases in the local area,analyzing the distribution trend of survey indicators,and proposing corresponding early warning plans,which can provide relevant basis for effective prevention of infectious diseases.

[Objective]To evaluate the knowledge,attitude and practice(KAP)of medication use and safety among the patients with acquired immune deficiency syndrome(AIDS)in a 3A-grade hospital of Guangzhou city,and to provide scientific basis for AIDS prevention and treatment.[Methods]A questionnaire survey was conducted among AIDS patients aged 18 years and above in our hospital to investigate their KAP regarding medication use and safety.[Results]A total of 549 questionnaires were collected,of which 503 were valid,with an effective recovery rate of 91.6%.The average scores of KAP were(14.58±8.49),(25.21±6.92)and(47.58±3.33),respectively,with the scoring rates of 36.46%,63.02%,and 95.16%,respectively.There were statistically significant differences(P＜0.05)in knowledge scores among people with different ages,education levels and occupations.Multiple linear regression showed that education level and medical insurance status had most significant impact on knowledge scores(P<0.05).Significant differences were found in attitude scores among people with different education levels(P<0.05),as well as in practice scores among people with different occupations(P<0.05).Multiple linear regression revealed that age,occupation,knowledge score and attitude score had a significant impact on practice scores(P<0.05).Patients expected to receive pharmaceutical care services from the pharmacists via face-to-face communication,network platform and telephone consultation on medication knowledge such as adverse drug reactions and response measures,drug-drug interactions,missed medication and response measures,medication adherence measures,etc.[Conclusions]AIDS patients in this hospital have a good awareness of medication safety,but their knowledge of medication use needs improvement.Some bad habits may affect their compliance,resulting in safety hazards.Therefore,there is an urgent demand for pharmaceutical care services related to rational drug use.

Objective:To monitor the changes in donor gene chimerism ratio after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) in patients with severe beta-thalassemia using third-generation sequencing, and to explore the value of this technology in monitoring the proportion of donor genes chimerism in the early stage of postoperative allo-HSCT.Methods:Case analysis. Three beta-thalassemia patients at the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University during June-July 2022 who had undergone allo-HSCT with genotypes IVS-Ⅱ-654/CD41-42, IVS-Ⅱ-654/IVS-Ⅱ-654 and CD41-42/CD41-42 were included in this study. "Visual" analysis of the readouts of recipient DNA using third generation sequencing was used to monitor the genetic chimerism of the donor DNA and to compare with Sanger sequencing results. Post-transplantation follow-up was performed in the three patients to monitor the blood statistics and assess their implantation status and hematopoietic reconstitution.Results:The results of donor DNA chimerism status after allo-HSCT in the three patients detected by third generation sequencing were consistent with the Sanger sequencing results. The chimeric state of donor DNA gradually shifted to complete donor gene chimerism as the number of days after transplantation increased. Recipient 1 had 95.5% and 100% donor DNA chimerism at 10 and 20 d post-transplantation, respectively; recipient 2 had 100% donor DNA chimerism at 30 and 40 d post-transplantation; recipient 3 had 69.5% donor DNA chimerism at 1 d post-transplantation, and 100% donor DNA chimerism at 10 and 20 d post-transplantation. All patients achieved full donor gene chimerism within 30 d post-transplantation. Stable implantation of granulopoiesis, platelets, and erythropoiesis with hematopoietic reconstitution were obtained in all 3 patients within 1 month after transplantation.Conclusions:In this study, we developed a new method to detect the chimerism ratio of donor DNA using third-generation sequencing technology, enabling us to monitor the gene chimerism status of donor DNA at an early stage.

AIM:To investigate the alleviating effect of ethyl acetate extract from Platycladus orientalis leaves(EAEPOL)on diabetic cardiomyopathy(DCM)and its mechanisms.METHODS:Healthy adult C57BL/6 mice were ran-domly divided into normal control group,DCM group,and EAEPOL group.Cardiac structure and function of the mice were assessed by echocardiography.Myocardial fibrosis was evaluated though myocardial hydroxyproline content determi-nation,myocardial Masson and Sirius red staining,and collagen type I(Col I)and collagen type Ⅲ(Col Ⅲ)immunohis-tochemistry.The degree of myocardial oxidative stress was assessed by measuring malondialdehyde(MDA),superoxide dismutase(SOD)and total antioxidative capacity(T-AOC)levels using kits,as well as detection of nuclear factor E2-re-lated factor-2(Nrf-2)and heme oxygenase-1(HO-1)expression by qRT-PCR and Western blot.Endothelial-mesenchy-mal transition(EndMT)was evaluated by detecting CD31 and α-smooth muscle actin(α-SMA)protein expression by Western blot,and cadherin 5(CDH5)and fibroblast specific protein 1(FSP1)mRNA expression by qRT-PCR,as well as α-SMA immunofluorescence staining.RESULTS:(1)Mouse echocardiography revealed that compared with normal control group,heart rate(HR)and ejection fraction(EF)were significantly reduced in DCM group(P<0.05 or P<0.01),while left ventricular anterior wall thickness at systole and diastole(LVAWs and LVAWd)and left ventricular pos-terior wall thickness at systole and diastole(LVPWs and LVPWd)were significantly increased(P<0.05).Compared with DCM group,the mice in EAEPOL group showed significant increases in HR and EF(P<0.01),and marked decreases in LVAWs,LVAWd,LVPWs and LVPWd(P<0.05).(2)Compared with normal control group,the content of hydroxypro-line in mouse myocardium,the collagen area ratio shown by Sirius red and Masson staining,and the immunohistochemical positive area ratio of Col I and Col Ⅲ in DCM group were significantly increased(P<0.01).Compared with DCM group,the above myocardial fibrosis indicators in EAEPOL group were significantly reduced(P<0.05 or P<0.01).(3)Com-pared with normal control group,the myocardial MDA content and the expression of Nrf-2 in DCM group were significantly increased,while the SOD activity,the T-AOC and the expression of HO-1 was significantly decreased(P<0.01).Com-pared with DCM group,the myocardial MDA content in EAEPOL group was significantly reduced,while the SOD activity,the T-AOC,and the HO-1 and Nrf-2 expression were significantly enhanced(P<0.05 or P<0.01).(4)Compared with normal control group,the myocardial expression of CD31 and CDH5 in DCM group was significantly reduced,the expres-sion of α-SMA and FSP1 was significantly enhanced(P<0.05 or P<0.01),and the α-SMA positive area ratio by immuno-fluorescence staining was also increased(P<0.01).Compared with DCM group,EAEPOL significantly up-regulated the expression of CD31 and CDH5 and down-regulated the expression of α-SMA and FSP1,and the α-SMA positive area ratio by immunofluorescence staining was evidently decreased(P<0.05 or P<0.01).CONCLUSION:EAEPOL may attenuate myocardial fibrosis and improve cardiac function in DCM mice by suppressing oxidative stress and alleviating EndMT.

Studies have shown that Humanin protein plays a neuroprotective role in the process of anti-Alzheimer's disease in a variety of ways.This review introduces the latest research progress on the neuroprotective effect of Humanin protein in Alzheimer's disease from the aspects of the discovery,structural characteristics,neuroprotective mechanism of Humanin and the structure and function of its new homologous secretory peptide Rattin.

The promise of regeneration therapy for restoration of damaged myocardium after cardiac ischemic injury relies on targeted delivery of proliferative molecules into cardiomyocytes whose healing benefits are still limited owing to severe immune microenvironment due to local high concentration of proinflammatory cytokines. Optimal therapeutic strategies are therefore in urgent need to both modulate local immunity and deliver proliferative molecules. Here, we addressed this unmet need by developing neutrophil-mimic nanoparticles NM@miR, fabricated by coating hybrid neutrophil membranes with artificial lipids onto mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) loaded with microRNA-10b. The hybrid membrane could endow nanoparticles with strong capacity to migrate into inflammatory sites and neutralize proinflammatory cytokines and increase the delivery efficiency of microRNA-10b into adult mammalian cardiomyocytes (CMs) by fusing with cell membranes and leading to the release of MSNs-miR into cytosol. Upon NM@miR administration, this nanoparticle could home to the injured myocardium, restore the local immunity, and efficiently deliver microRNA-10b to cardiomyocytes, which could reduce the activation of Hippo-YAP pathway mediated by excessive cytokines and exert the best proliferative effect of miR-10b. This combination therapy could finally improve cardiac function and mitigate ventricular remodeling. Consequently, this work offers a combination strategy of immunity modulation and proliferative molecule delivery to boost cardiac regeneration after injury.